地球科学进展

地球科学进展 ›› 2023, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 363 -376. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2022.091

综述与评述 上一篇    下一篇

湿地条件下无机汞—有机汞相互转化研究进展
李博 1( ), 殷怡童 1, 关翔宇 1, 武雄 2, 罗锡明 1( )   
  1. 1.中国地质大学（北京）海洋学院，北京 100083
    2.中国地质大学（北京）水资源 与环境学院，北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2022-09-23 修回日期:2022-12-27 出版日期:2023-04-04
  • 通讯作者: 罗锡明 E-mail:lililo0220@126.com;luoxm@cugb.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金重点项目“典型抗生素对地下水系统中反硝化过程的影响机理研究”(41731282);中国地质调查局项目“地下水中有机污染组分对补给方式的响应——水样测试分析质量控制”(DD20190323)

Research Progress on the Mutual Transformation of Inorganic to Organic Mercury in Wetlands

Bo LI 1( ), Yitong YIN 1, Xiangyu GUAN 1, Xiong WU 2, Ximing LUO 1( )   

  1. 1.School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
    2.School of Water Resources & Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
  • Received:2022-09-23 Revised:2022-12-27 Online:2023-04-04 Published:2023-04-18
  • Contact: Ximing LUO E-mail:lililo0220@126.com;luoxm@cugb.edu.cn
  • About author:LI Bo (1999-), male, Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Master student. Research areas include pollutant migration and transformation. E-mail: lililo0220@126.com
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China “Study on the influence mechanism of typical antibiotics on denitrification process in groundwater system”(41731282);The China Geological Survey“Response of organic pollutant components in groundwater to recharge mode— quality control of water sample test and analysis”(DD20190323)
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汞（Hg）作为一种有毒重金属污染物，在全球范围内受到广泛关注。有机汞尤其是甲基汞的毒性比无机汞毒性更大，且易在食物链中积累，因此无机汞—有机汞的转化问题近年来备受关注。之前的研究多集中于海洋环境中的Hg甲基化问题，对于淡水环境尤其是湿地环境Hg甲基化的研究相对欠缺。而湿地环境的特殊性与复杂性使其成为突出的甲基汞产出单元，且生物积累作用明显。通过系统总结湿地中无机汞—有机汞转化的途径和机理以及其影响因素和相关生物作用，指出沉积物、颗粒有机碳和周丛生物是重要的甲基汞产生微环境，频繁密切的生物间相互作用成为湿地高甲基化潜力的保障。因此加强各类湿地Hg甲基化研究对保护湿地生态及居民健康具有重要意义。

关键词: 湿地, Hg甲基化, 去甲基化, 生物作用

Mercury has received widespread attention as a toxic heavy metal contaminant. Organic mercury, especially methyl mercury (MeHg), is more toxic than inorganic mercury and can easily accumulate in the food chain; therefore, the problem of inorganic to organic mercury conversion has attracted much attention in recent years. Most previous research has focused on mercury methylation in marine environments, and research on freshwater environments, especially wetlands, is lacking. The uniqueness and complexity of the wetland environment make it a prominent MeHg production unit, and the bioaccumulation effect is evident. In the present study, the pathways, mechanisms, influencing factors, and related biological effects of organic mercury conversion to inorganic mercury in wetlands are systematically summarized. Sediments, particulate organic carbon, and periphyton organisms are important microenvironments for MeHg generation, and frequent interactions between organisms guarantee the high methylation potential of wetlands. Therefore, strengthening the research on Hg methylation in various wetlands is of great significance for protecting the ecology of wetlands and the health of residents.

Key words: Wetland, Mercury methylation, Demethylation, Biological function

中图分类号: 

图1 以甲基汞为关键词的贡献网络图
不同颜色代表论文发表的年份，圆圈大小代表发文量
Fig. 1 A co-occurrence network with methylmercury as the key word
The different colors represent when the paper was published， and the size of the circle represents the amount of publication
图2 湿地环境无机汞—有机汞转化示意图
Fig. 2 Inorganic and organic mercury conversion in wetland environment
图3 无机汞—有机汞转化途径及影响因素示意图
Fig. 3 Inorganic and organic mercury conversion pathways and influencing factors
表1 湿地环境具有甲基化潜力的菌属 ［ 2 ， 20 ， 90 - 91 ， 94 ， 108 ， 110 - 113 ］
Table 1 Bacterial genera with methylation potential in wetland ［ 2 ， 20 ， 90 - 91 ， 94 ， 108 ， 110 - 113 ］
门 属

变形菌门

Proteobacteria

 Desulfacinum脱硫葡萄菌属
Desulfobacter脱硫杆菌属
Desulfobulbus脱硫叶菌属
Desulfobacca
Desulfomicrobium脱硫微杆菌属
Desulfomonile脱硫念珠菌属
Desulfovibrio脱硫弧菌属
Geobacter地杆菌属
Smithella史密斯氏菌属
Syntrophobacter互营杆菌属
Syntrophobotulus共养香肠样杆菌属
Syntrophus互营菌属

厚壁菌门

Firmicutes

 Clostridium梭菌属
Dethiobacter
Desulfitobacterium
Desulfosporosinus弯曲菌属
Ethanoligenens产乙醇杆菌属

广古菌门

Euryarchaeota

 Methanocella产甲烷胞菌属
Methanolobus甲烷叶菌属
Methanoregula
Methanosphaerula
Methanospirillum甲烷螺菌属

螺旋体门

Spirochaetes

 Spirochaeta螺旋体属
Treponema密螺旋体属
绿曲菌门Chloroflexi Dehalococcoides脱氯菌属
硝化螺旋菌门Nitrospirae Nitrospira硝化螺旋菌属
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