地球科学进展 ›› 2022, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (3): 268 -276. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2021.047

“东南亚构造、沉积与资源环境效应”专辑 上一篇    下一篇

孟加拉扇更新统加积型深水水道规模和演化
许小勇 1( ), 张颖 1, 鲁银涛 1, 马宏霞 1, 闫春 1, 刘忻蕾 2, 徐宁 3, 邵大力 1, 孙辉 1, 丁梁波 1   
  1. 1.中国石油杭州地质研究院, 浙江 杭州 310023
    2.华北科技学院, 河北 廊坊 065201
    3.中国石油海外勘探开发公司, 北京 100031
  • 收稿日期:2021-05-11 修回日期:2021-12-13 出版日期:2022-03-10
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“孟加拉湾东北部深水沉积体系发育特征与生物气成藏规律研究”(42076219);“孟加拉湾东北部沉积过程与特提斯东段构造变形耦合关系”(92055211)

Scale and Evolution of the Pleistocene Aggradational Channels in the Bangle Fan

Xiaoyong XU 1( ), Ying ZHANG 1, Yintao LU 1, Hongxia MA 1, Chun YAN 1, Xinlei LIU 2, Ning XU 3, Dali SHAO 1, Hui SUN 1, Liangbo DING 1   

  1. 1.PetroChina Hangzhou Research Institute of Geology,Hangzhou 310023,China
    2.North China Institute of Science and Technology,Langfang Hebei 065201,China
    3.China National Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Corporation,Beijing 100031,China
  • Received:2021-05-11 Revised:2021-12-13 Online:2022-03-10 Published:2022-04-14
  • About author:XU Xiaoyong (1983-), male, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, Senior Engineer. Research areas include deep-water deposition. E-mail: xuxy_hz@petrochina.com.cn
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China "Research on characteristics of deep-water sedimentary system and biogenic gas petroleum play in the northeast of bengal fan"(42076219);"Coupling relationship between sedimentary process and tectonic deformation of northeastern Bay of Bengal,an Eastern Tethys section"(92055211)

近年来,深水油气勘探发现的储量在全球新增储量中的占比逐年增加,2010年以来其占比已超过50%,深水已经成为未来油气勘探的重点领域。作为深水油气勘探主要储层之一的深水水道,同样成为深水油气勘探的重点研究对象。以高分辨率(40 Hz)三维地震资料为基础,对研究区内的加积型水道—天然堤复合体进行了精细刻画,着重刻画了水道—天然堤复合体内部不同期次水道的中心线,重点分析了深水水道的发育和演化特征。该水道天然堤复合体整体宽25~30 km,单期水道宽度约300 m,推测厚度约10 m。深水水道的演化整体表现为有序的发育过程,初期水道较顺直,弯曲度较低,后期弯曲度逐渐升高,晚期水道的平面形态较为稳定,变化较小。深水水道在演化过程中不仅向左右两侧迁移,同时也具有向下游方向迁移的特征;前人认为深水水道向下游迁移的现象非常罕见,但是研究表明在某些情况下,这种现象可能并不罕见。

Recently, the proportion of deep-water incremental reserves has increased gradually each year. This proportion has exceeded 50% since 2010. Deepwater environments have become a key area of future oil and gas exploration. As one of the main reservoirs for deep-water oil and gas exploration, deep-water channels have attracted increasingly more attention. Based on high-resolution (40 Hz) 3D seismic data, this study carried out a detailed description of an aggradational channel-levee complex in the study area. The centerlines of the different channels in the complex were recognized from bottom to top. The overall width of this channel-levee complex is 25~30 km. The width of the single-channel is about 300 m, and the thickness is estimated to be 12 m. The channel morphology of this complex shows an organized evolution. The channel was relatively straight with low curvature at the beginning of aggradation, and the curvature gradually increases over time. During aggradation, the deep-water channels not only swing but also sweep downstream. Predecessors believed that downstream sweep is very rare in deep-water channels; however, our research shows that this phenomenon may be common under some special conditions.

中图分类号: 

图1 孟加拉扇分布范围及研究区位置图(背景为全球地形栅格数据color_etopo1_ice_full
Fig. 1 The distribution map of the Bangle Fan and the location of the study areaThe background is Earth topography-color_etopo1_ice_full
图2 水道—天然堤复合体的地震剖面特征
绿线表示地震解释的复合体底面,黄色圆点是识别出的28期水道中心线的大致位置,右侧插图中的黄线表示地震剖面的位置
Fig. 2 Seismic profile of channel-levee complex
The green line represents the base of the complex,the yellow dot is the approximate location of channel centerlines,and the yellow line in the illustration represents the location of the seismic profile
图3 深水水道中心线平面分布图
中心线的颜色代表了水道发育的早晚,从老到新依次为紫红色—蓝色—青色—黄色,白色方框可见水道明显向下游方向迁移的现象
Fig. 3 The distribution of channel centerlines in channel-levee complex
The color of the centerline represents the age of channel,purple means early channels,yellow means late channels,and in white box channels sweep to downstream clearly
图4 水道中心线弯曲度变化图
Fig. 4 The diagram of channel curvature
图5 海底水道的长度和水深图(据参考文献[ 43 ]修改)
Fig. 5 Seafloor canyon-and-channel longitudinal profilesmodified after reference 43 ])
图6 全球深水水道规模统计图(据参考文献[ 19 ]修改)
Fig. 6 Histograms of measured channel element widths and thicknessesmodified after reference 19 ])
图7 深水水道复合体底面相干图
Fig. 7 Coherence map of bottom channel-levee complex
图8 水道的演化模式图(据参考文献[ 19 ]修改)
Fig. 8 Example models of channel evolution stagesmodified after reference 19 ])
图9 河道和海底水道平面剖面演化模式对比图(据参考文献[ 40 ]修改)
A-A'、B-B'、C-C'分别是河道和海底水道形成的不同的砂体叠置模式
Fig. 9 Schematic model illustrating the comparative evolution of submarine and subaerial channelsmodified after reference 40 ])
A-A',B-B' and C-C' profiles represent the different stack patterns for river and submarine channels
图10 水道迁移剖面图(A-A'剖面位置见图3
Fig. 10 Seismic profile of channel migrationthe location of the profile is shown in Fig. 3
1 GARRISON L E, KENYON N H, BOUMA A H. Channel systems and lobe construction in the Mississippi Fan[J]. Geo-Marine Letters,1982,2(1/2):31-39.
2 DAMUTH J E, KOLLA V, FLOOD R D,et al. Distributary channel meandering and bifurcation patterns on the Amazon deep-sea fan as revealed by long-range side-scan sonar (GLORIA) [J]. Geology,1983,11(2):94-98.
3 FLOOD R D, DAMUTH J E. Quantitative characteristics of sinuous distributary channels on the Amazon deep-sea fan[J]. Geological Society of America Bulletin,1987,98(6):728.
4 CLARK J D, KENYON N H, PICKERING K T. Quantitative analysis of the geometry of submarine channels: implications for the classification of submarine fans[J]. Geology,1992,20(7):633-636.
5 PIRMEZ C, FLOOD R D. Morphology and structure of Amazon Channel [M]// Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program,155 initial reports. Ocean Drilling Program,1995,55:23-45.
6 KOLLA V, Morphology COUMES F., structure internal,seismic stratigraphy and sedimentation of Indus Fan [J]. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 1987,77:1 129-1 141.
7 MCHARGUE T R. Seismic facies,processes and evolution of Miocene inner fan channels,Indus Submarine Fan[M]// WEIMER P, LINK M H. Seismic facies and sedimentary processes of submarine fans and turbidite systems. New York:Springer,1991:403-413.
8 XU Xiaoyong, Fuliang LÜ, WANG Dawei,et al. Cyclic steps and significance to deep water sedimentation[J]. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2018,23(4):1-14.
许小勇,吕福亮,王大伟,等. 周期性阶坎的特征及其对深水沉积研究的意义[J]. 海相油气地质,2018,23(4):1-14.
9 PEAKALL J, MCCAFFREY W D, KNELLER B C,et al. A process model for the evolution of fan submarine channels: implications for sedimentary architecture[M]// Fine-Grained Turbidite Systems. AAPG Memoir,SEPM Publication 68,2000:73-88.
10 MAYALL M, O'BYRNE C. Reservoir prediction and development challenges in turbidite slope channels[C]. Offshore Technology Conference,2002:14029.
11 ABREU V, SULLIVAN M, PIRMEZ C,et al. Lateral Accretion Packages (LAPs): an important reservoir element in deep-water sinuous channels[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology,2003,20:631-648.
12 DEPTUCK M E, STEFFENS G S, BARTON M,et al. Architecture and evolution of upper fan channel-belts on the Niger Delta slope and in the Arabian Sea[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2003, 20(6/7/8): 649-676.
13 POSAMENTIER H W, KOLLA V. Seismic geomorphology and stratigraphy of depositional elements in deep-water settings[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Research,2003,73(3):367-388.
14 MAYALL M, JONES E, CASEY M. Turbidite channel reservoirs-key elements in facies prediction and effective development[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology,2006,23(8):821-841.
15 KOLLA V, POSAMENTIER H W, WOOD L J. Deep-water and fluvial sinuous channels-characteristics,similarities and dissimilarities,and modes of formation[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology,2007,24(6/7/8/9):388-405.
16 XU Jingping, NOBLE M A. Currents in Monterey Submarine Canyon[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2009,114(C3): C03004.
17 CLARKE J E H. First wide-angle view of channelized turbidity currents links migrating cyclic steps to flow characteristics[J]. Nature Communication,2016,7:11896.
18 SYLVESTER Z, PIRMEZ C, CANTELLI A. A model of submarine channel-levee evolution based on channel trajectories implications for stratigraphic architecture[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology,2011,28(3):716-727.
19 MCHARGUE T, PYRCZ M J, SULLIVAN M D,et al. Architecture of turbidite channel systems on the continental slope: patterns and predictions[J]. Marine & Petroleum Geology,2011,28(3):728-743.
20 COVAULT J, SYLVESTER Z, HUBBARD S,et al. The stratigraphic record of submarine-channel evolution[J]. The Sedimentary Record,2016,14(3):4-11.
21 SU Ming, XIE Xinong, WANG Zhenfeng,et al. Sedimentary evolution of the central canyon system in Qiongdongnan Basin,northern South China Sea[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(3):467-478.
苏明,解习农,王振峰,等. 南海北部琼东南盆地中央峡谷体系沉积演化[J]. 石油学报,2013,34(3):467-478.
22 SU Ming, JIANG Tao, ZHANG Cuimei,et al. Characteristics of morphology and infillings and the geological significances of the central canyon system in eastern Qiongdongnan Basin[J].Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition),2014,44(6):1 805-1 815.
苏明,姜涛,张翠梅,等.琼东南盆地中央峡谷体系东段形态—充填特征及其地质意义[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2014,44(6):1 805-1 815.
23 XIE Qinghui, DENG Hongwen, GUO Jia. Seismic response characteristics and evolution models of deepwater meandering channels in Lower Congo Basin,West Africa[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 2013,52(6):655-661,4.
谢清惠,邓宏文,郭佳. 西非下刚果盆地深水曲流水道的地震响应特征与演化模式分析[J]. 石油物探,2013,52(6):655-661,4.
24 LI Hua, WANG Yingmin, XU Qiang,et al. Characteristics and processes of deep water unidirectionally-migrating channel-levee system[J]. Geoscience,2013,27(3):653-661.
李华,王英民,徐强,等. 深水单向迁移水道—堤岸沉积体系特征及形成过程[J]. 现代地质,2013,27(3):653-661.
25 LI Quan, WU Wei, KANG Hongquan,et al. Characteristics and controlling factors of deep-water channel sedimentation in Lower Congo Basin,West Africa[J]. Oil & Gas Geology,2019,40(4):917-929.
李全,吴伟,康洪全,等. 西非下刚果盆地深水水道沉积特征及控制因素[J]. 石油与天然气地质,2019,40(4):917-929.
26 LI Lei, ZOU Yun, ZHANG Peng,et al. Quantitative analysis of the geometry of sinuous submarine channels: a case from the Rio Muni Basin of Equatorial Guinea [J]. Marine Geology Frontiers,2019,35(10):23-35.
李磊,邹韵,张鹏,等. 深水弯曲水道几何形态定量分析:以赤道几内亚Rio Muni盆地为例[J].海洋地质前沿,2019,35(10):23-35.
27 LI Hua, HE Youbin. Research progress on deepwater gravity flow channel deposit [J]. Journal of Palaeogeography,2020,22(1):161-174.
李华,何幼斌. 深水重力流水道沉积研究[J]. 古地理学报,2020,22(1):161-174.
28 XIAO Bin, HE Youbin, LUO Jinxiong,et al. Submarine channel complex deposits of the Middle Ordovician Lashizhong formation in Zhuozishan area,Inner Mongolia [J]. Geological Review,2014,60(2):321-331.
肖彬,何幼斌,罗进雄,等. 内蒙古桌子山中奥陶统拉什仲组深水水道沉积[J]. 地质论评,2014,60(2):321-331.
29 LI Hua, HE Youbin, WANG Zhenqi. Morphology and characteristics of deep water high sinuous channel-levee system [J]. Journal of Palaeogeography,2011,13(2):139-149.
李华,何幼斌,王振奇. 深水高弯度水道—堤岸沉积体系形态及特征[J].古地理学报,2011,13(2):139-149.
30 ZHANG Kexin, WANG Guocan, HONG Hanlie,et al. The study of the Cenozoic uplift in the Tibetan Plateau: a review[J]. Geological Bulletin of China,2013,32(1):1-18.
张克信,王国灿,洪汉烈,等. 青藏高原新生代隆升研究现状[J]. 地质通报,2013,32(1):1-18.
31 WANG Xuefeng, Fuliang LÜ, FAN Guozhang,et al. Structural characteristics and evolution of Rakhine Basin,Bay of Bengal [J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science & Technology Edition),2013,40(4):424-430.
王雪峰,吕福亮,范国章,等. 孟加拉湾若开盆地构造特征及演化[J]. 成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2013,40(4):424-430.
32 TANG Pengcheng, Fuliang LÜ, FAN Guozhang,et al. A preliminary study on the Late Cenozoic structural characteristics of the Arakan Fold Belt,Bay of Bengal [J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,2013,87(7):1 013-1 020.
唐鹏程,吕福亮,范国章,等. 孟加拉湾若开褶皱带晚新生代构造特征初步研究[J]. 地质学报,2013,87(7):1 013-1 020.
33 CURRAY J R, EMMEL F J, MOORE D G. The Bengal Fan:morphology,geometry,stratigraphy,history and processes [J]. Marine & Petroleum Geology,2002,19(10):1 191-1 223.
34 WEBER M E, WIEDICKE-HOMBACH M, KUDRASS H R,et al. Bengal Fan sediment transport activity and response to climate forcing inferred from sediment physical properties [J].Sedimentary Geology,2003,155(3/4):361-381.
35 SCHWENK T, SPIEß V, BREITZKE M,et al. The architecture and evolution of the middle Bengal Fan in vicinity of the active channel-levee system imaged by high-resolution seismic data [J]. Marine & Petroleum Geology,2005,22(5):637-656.
36 FANG Nianqiao, CHEN Ping, WU Lin,et al. Contour currents in deep water records from Bay of Bengal and its environmental implication[J]. Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences,2002,27(5): 570-575.
方念乔,陈萍,吴琳,等 .孟加拉湾深海记录中的等深流活动特征及其环境意义初探[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2002,27(5):570-575.
37 DING Liangbo, WANG Haiqiang, ZHANG Ying,et al. Geologic conditions of biogenic gas accumulation and exploration direction in Rakhine offshore,NE Bengal Bay [J]. Geological Review,2020,66():71-72.
丁梁波,王海强,张颖,等. 孟加拉湾东北部缅甸若开海域深水生物气成藏条件及油气勘探方向[J]. 地质论评,2020,66():71-72.
38 MA Hongxia, SUN Hui, SHAO Dali,et al. Sequence stratigraphy of the Upper Miocene-Pliocene deepwater deposits and its controlling factors in Rakhine Basin,Myanmar [J]. Oil and Gas Geology,2015,36(1):136-141.
马宏霞,孙辉,邵大力,等.缅甸若开盆地上中新统—上新统深水沉积层序地层划分及控制因素[J]. 石油与天然气地质,2015,36(1):136-141.
39 MA Guiming, MA Hongxia, SHAO Dali,et al. Structural units and evolution model of deepwater depositional system in Rakhine Basin,Bay of Bengal[J]. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2016,21(1):41-51.
马贵明,马宏霞,邵大力,等. 孟加拉湾若开盆地深水沉积体系结构单元类型及演化模式[J].海相油气地质,2016,21(1):41-51.
40 PEAKALL J, MCCAFFREY B, KNELLER B. A process model for the evolution,morphology,and architecture of sinuous submarine channels[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Research,2000,70(3):434-448.
41 GONZALEZ-CARBALLO A, GUYONNET P Y, LEVALLOIS B,et al. 4D monitoring in Angola and its impact on reservoir understanding and economics[J]. The Leading Edge,2006,25(9):1 150-1 159.
42 COVAULT J A, SHELEF E, TRAER M,et al. Deep-water channel run-out length:insights from seafloor geomorphology[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Research,2012,82(1):21-36.
43 HOWARD A D, KNUTSON T R. Sufficient conditions for river meandering:a simulation approach [J]. Water Resources Research,1984,20(11):1 659-1 667.
44 COVAULT J A, SYLVESTER Z, HUDEC M R,et al. Submarine channels 'swept' downstream after bend cutoff in Salt Basins[J]. The Depositional Record,2020,6(1):259-272.
[1] 秦磊,毛金昕,倪凤玲,徐少华,李小刚,蔡长娥,尚文亮,刘家恺. 浅谈深水块体搬运复合体的结构、成因分类以及识别方法[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(6): 632-642.
[2] 罗中原,李江涛,贾国东. 深水珊瑚的食物及其地球化学意义[J]. 地球科学进展, 2019, 34(12): 1234-1242.
[3] 王大伟, 白宏新, 吴时国. 浊流及其相关的深水底形研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2018, 33(1): 52-65.
[4] 兰晨, 陈敬安, 曾艳, 郭建阳, 张润宇, 王敬富, 杨海全, 计永雪. 深水湖泊增氧理论与技术研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2015, 30(10): 1172-1181.
[5] 李相博,付金华,陈启林,刘显阳,刘化清,郭彦如,完颜容,廖建波,魏立花,黄军平. 砂质碎屑流概念及其在鄂尔多斯盆地延长组深水沉积研究中的应用[J]. 地球科学进展, 2011, 26(3): 286-294.
[6] 吴时国,孙运宝,孙启良,董冬冬,袁圣强,马玉波. 深水盆地中大型侵入砂岩的地震识别及其成因机制探讨[J]. 地球科学进展, 2008, 23(6): 562-569.
[7] 钟广法,李前裕,郝沪军,王嘹亮. 深水沉积物波及其在南海研究之现状[J]. 地球科学进展, 2007, 22(9): 907-913.
[8] 周蒂,孙珍,陈汉宗. 世界著名深水油气盆地的构造特征及对我国南海北部深水油气勘探的启示[J]. 地球科学进展, 2007, 22(6): 561-572.
[9] 何家雄,施小斌,夏斌,刘海龄,阎贫,姚永坚,张树林. 南海北部边缘盆地油气勘探现状与深水油气资源前景[J]. 地球科学进展, 2007, 22(3): 261-270.
[10] 庞雄,陈长民,吴梦霜,何敏,吴湘杰. 珠江深水扇系统沉积和周边重要地质事件[J]. 地球科学进展, 2006, 21(8): 793-799.
[11] 何幼斌,罗顺社,高振中. 深水牵引流沉积研究进展与展望[J]. 地球科学进展, 1997, 12(3): 247-252.
[12] 汪品先. 大洋钻探与青藏高原[J]. 地球科学进展, 1995, 10(3): 254-257.
阅读次数
全文


摘要