基于光纤传感的多参量地震综合观测技术研究

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2019.04.0424

地球科学进展 ›› 2019, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (4): 424 -432. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2019.04.0424

黄稳柱 ^1, ²(

),张文涛 ^1, ²,李芳 ^1, ²

1. 中国科学院半导体研究所传感技术国家重点实验室，北京 100083
2. 中国科学院大学材料科学与光电子技术学院，北京 100049

收稿日期:2018-11-05 修回日期:2019-01-12 出版日期:2019-04-10
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目“先进光纤传感材料与器件关键技术及应用”(编号：2017YFB0405500);国家自然科学基金项目“基于频率分裂与偏振效应的超高分辨率光纤光栅静态应变检测关键技术研究”(编号：61605196)

Study on Multi-Parameter Seismic Observation Technique Based on Optic Fiber Sensing

Wenzhu Huang ^1, ²( ),Wentao Zhang ^1, ²,Fang Li ^1, ²

1. State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
2. College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2018-11-05 Revised:2019-01-12 Online:2019-04-10 Published:2019-05-27
About author: Huang Wenzhu （1987-）， male， Jiujiang City， Jiangxi Province， Ph.D student. Research areas include optic fiber sensing.| Huang Wenzhu （1987-）， male， Jiujiang City， Jiangxi Province， Ph.D student. Research areas include optic fiber sensing.
Supported by:
Project supported by the National Key R & D Program of China "Key technologies and applications of advanced optical fiber sensing materials and devices"(No. 2017YFB0405500);The National Natural Science Foundation of China "Research on key technologies for ultra-high-resolution fiber Bragg grating static strain measurement based on freuquency division character and polarization effect"(No.61605196)

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面向地震综合观测需要，自主研制了窄线宽光纤光栅谐振腔，并将其作为核心传感元件，发展了一种基于有效腔长的光纤应变、地震波和温度多参量同步测量新方法。采用边带扫频激光技术实现了高精度多参量光纤信号同步解调，研制出了光纤地壳形变、地震与温度多参量探头，并开展了多参量地震综合观测实验。实验结果表明，所研制的光纤多参量传感系统应变与温度测量分辨率分别达到4.7×10^-10和6 $×$ 10^-5℃，能够同时记录到清晰的固体潮汐信号、地震波信号以及环境温度扰动，有望为多参量地震同步观测提供先进的技术手段。

关键词: 光纤传感, 地壳形变, 地震波, 温度, 多参量综合观测

”Deep well, wide band, multi-component comprehensive observation” is the development direction of seismic observation. In order to promote the application and development of underground integrated observation system, key technologies, such as high temperature resistance sensor, interference isolation of sensor unit and miniaturization of instrument, need to be developed. Optic fiber sensors have the advantages of small size, passive nature, resistance to electromagnetic interference, being easy to long distance transmission and multi-parametric network observation, which are expected to provide new technology for the comprehensive observation of multi-parameter earthquakes in deep wells. This paper proposed a comprehensive observation technique of seismic wave, crustal deformation and temperature. An integrated borehole seismic sensor based on fiber Bragg grating resonators was designed for measuring three-component earthquake, three-component crustal deformation and temperature signal. A new technique for simultaneous measurement of multi-parameters of temperature and strain of fiber based on effective cavity length was presented. The technique of high precision optical fiber signal demodulation based on single side band sweep laser and the design of multi-parameter integrated optical fiber probe were introduced. The resolution of strain and temperature measurement of the fiber multi-parameter sensor system reached 4.7 $×$ 10^-10 and 6×10^-5 $℃$ , respectively. A comprehensive multi-parameter earthquake observation experiment was carried out at the seismic station. The results show that the integrated optical fiber multi-parameter seismic observation system can simultaneously record the earth tide signal, seismic wave signal and environmental temperature disturbance, and has good anti-environmental interference ability and long-term stability, which is expected to provide a new technique for crustal deformation observation.

Key words: Optic fiber sensing, Crustal deformation, Seismic wave, Temperature, Multi-parameter observation.

中图分类号:

图1 光纤光栅谐振腔结构原理（a）、反射光谱（b）以及一个自由谱范围内的谐振峰图（c）

Fig.1 The structure principle of FBG-FP resonator (a), the picture of reflectance spectra (b) and the picture of the resonant peaks within a free spectrum range（c）

图2 高精度光纤光栅多参量信号解调技术方案

Fig.2 The technical scheme for high-resolution FBG multi-parameter signal interrogation

图3 应变传感光栅、温度传感光栅的时域本底噪声以及应变光栅温度补偿后的时域本底噪声

Fig.3 The time-domain noise of strain sensing FBG, temperature sensing FBG and the time-domain noise of the strain sensing FBG after temperatue compensation

图4 光纤多参量地震综合观测探头结构原理（a）与实物图（b）

Fig.4 The structure principle (a) and the picture (b) of the multi-parameter FBG integrated earthquake observation probe

图5 光纤光栅谐振腔地震计结构示意图

Fig.5 The structure diagram of FBG-FP seismometer

图6 光纤光栅形变传感器固体潮和地震观测实验方案

Fig.6 The experimental scheme for Earth tide and earthquake observation based on FBG deformation sensor

图7 三分量光纤形变传感器记录到的固体潮信号与地震事件

Fig.7 The tide signals and seismic event recorded by the three-component optic fiber deformation sensor

图8 三分量光纤地震计记录到的印尼龙目岛6.5级地震信号

Fig.8 The M6.5 earthquake signals recorded by the three-component optic fiber seismometer

图9 光纤温度传感器记录到的温度变化曲线

Fig.9 The temperature curve recorded by the optil fiber temperature sensor

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