金属硫化物矿床的成矿热液硫同位素示踪

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2016.06.0595.

地球科学进展 ›› 2016, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (6): 595 -602. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2016.06.0595.

金属硫化物矿床的成矿热液硫同位素示踪

王云峰 ^1, ^2, ³(

), 杨红梅 ^3,,A; ^*(

)

1.中国地质大学(北京),北京 100083
2.中国地质科学院,北京 100037
3.中国地质调查局武汉地质调查中心同位素地球化学实验室,湖北武汉 430205

收稿日期:2015-11-24 修回日期:2016-02-20 出版日期:2016-06-20
通讯作者: 杨红梅 E-mail:wyf370826@126.com;ycyanghmei@163.com
基金资助:
*中国地质调查局科研项目“扬子周缘典型铅锌矿床同位素年代学研究”(编号:12120114005701);中国地质调查局地质调查二级项目“湘西—鄂西成矿带地质矿产调查”(编号:121201009000150010)资助

Sulfur Isotope Tracing of Ore-forming Hydrothermal Fluid for Metallic Sulfide Deposit

Yunfeng Wang ^1, ^2, ³( ), Hongmei Yang ^3, ^*( )

1.China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083,China
2.Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
3.Isotope Geochemistry Laboratory, Wuhan Center of Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Wuhan 430205, China

Received:2015-11-24 Revised:2016-02-20 Online:2016-06-20 Published:2016-06-10
Contact: Hongmei Yang E-mail:wyf370826@126.com;ycyanghmei@163.com
About author:
First author:Wang Yunfeng (1990-), male, Jining City, Shandong Province, Master student. Research areas include isotopic geochemistry and ore deposit geochemistry.E-mail:wyf370826@126.com

Corresponding author:Yang Hongmei (1976-), female, Fangxian County, Hubei Province, Professor level senior engineer. Research areas include isotopic geochemistry.E-mail:ycyanghmei@163.com
Supported by:
Project supported by the Scientific Research Project of China Geological Survey “Study on isotopic chronology of typical Pb-Zn deposits in peripheral of Yangtze Block”(No.12120114005701);Geological Survey Project of China Geological Survey “Geological and mineral resources survey in western Hunan Province-western Hubei Province”(No.121201009000150010)

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国内外诸多学者对如何利用硫同位素来示踪金属硫化物矿床中硫的来源进行了不断的探索研究,并取得了丰硕成果。在总结金属硫化物矿床中含硫热液矿物的硫同位素组成(δ³⁴S)特征基础上,阐述了准确确定成矿流体的总硫同位素组成(δ³⁴S_∑S值)是判别金属硫化物矿床中硫来源的关键,并总结和简要评述了获取成矿流体δ³⁴S_∑S的3种方法(物理—化学平衡分析法、矿物共生组合分析法和Pinckey-Rafter法)以及应用实例。据此指出3点:①在应用硫同位素示踪硫的来源时,须针对不同类型金属硫化物矿床的具体特征,选择合适的方法以便成功获取δ³⁴S_∑S;②目前δ³⁴S_∑S的获取方法和应用基础是硫同位素的分馏达到平衡状态,对于低温或快速侵位条件下可能形成的非平衡状态的含硫热液矿物的δ³⁴S的特征仍待深入研究;③分别研究不同形态硫的δ³⁴S,并讨论不同形态硫的来源、形成环境和过程是一个新的发展趋势,对示踪金属硫化物矿床的硫源可能更为有效和有意义。

关键词: 金属硫化物矿床, 成矿热液, 总硫同位素组成(δ34S∑S), 示踪

How to utilize sulfur isotope for many domestic and foreign researchers to trace the sulfur source of metallic sulfide deposit has been explored for many years. Fruitful results have been gained now. Based on summing up the characteristics of sulfur isotopic composition of hydrothermal mineral from metallic sulfide deposits, this paper illuminated the total sulfur isotopic composition of ore-forming fluids is the key factor in estimating the sulfur source. This paper also summarized three approaches about how to obtain the total sulfur isotopic composition (δ³⁴S_∑S) of ore-forming fluids. They are physical-chemical equilibrium analysis, mineral paragenetic association analysis and Pinckey-Rafter, respectively. We gave some applied examples and made a brief comment of them as well. There are three points worth noting. Firstly, choosing appropriate approach is a critical factor to acquire the δ³⁴S_∑Ssuccessfully according to the characteristics of different types of metallic sulfide deposit. Secondly, currently, these above mentioned approaches and applications are effective after the establishment of equilibrium state of sulfur isotope. As to the sulfur isotopic disequilibrium condition in metallic sulfide deposits probably resulted from lower temperature or rapid emplacement, there are quite some problems in theory and technique. Therefore, an in-depth study should also be continued. Thirdly, it is a new development trend to study isotope composition of different forms of sulfur and to discuss their source, forming environment and process respectively, which is probably more effective and significant for tracing sulfur sources of metallic sulfide deposits.

Key words: Metallic sulfide deposit, Ore-forming hydrothermal fluid, Total sulfur isotope composition (δ34S∑S), Tracing.

中图分类号:

P597

图1 不同金属硫化物矿床硫化物、硫酸盐的δ ³⁴S值和成矿流体的δ ³⁴S _∑S(据参考文献[1]修改)

Fig.1 δ ³⁴S values of sulfides and sulfates, and δ ³⁴S _∑Sof ore-forming fluid for various metallic sulfide deposits (modified after reference[1])

图2 爱尔兰Mogul铅锌矿床的成矿流体pH-

f O 2

-δ ³⁴S图解 ^{[

26
]}
阴影部分A和B分别代表初始和最终的成矿流体的状态

Fig.2 pH-

f O 2

-δ ³⁴S diagram for Mogul Pb-Zn deposit, Ireland ^{[

26
]}
The shaded areas show the initial and the final states of the ore-forming fluids

图2 爱尔兰Mogul铅锌矿床的成矿流体pH-

f O 2

-δ ³⁴S图解 ^{[

26
]}
阴影部分A和B分别代表初始和最终的成矿流体的状态

Fig.2 pH-

f O 2

-δ ³⁴S diagram for Mogul Pb-Zn deposit, Ireland ^{[

26
]}
The shaded areas show the initial and the final states of the ore-forming fluids

图3 胶东地区与硫化物有关的金矿床pH-

f O 2

-δ ³⁴S图解( T=250 ℃, I=1.0) ^{[

27
]}

Fig.3 pH-

f O 2

-δ ³⁴S diagram of golden deposit related to sulfide in eastern Shandong Province( T=250 ℃ and I=1.0) ^{[

27
]}

图3 胶东地区与硫化物有关的金矿床pH-

f O 2

-δ ³⁴S图解( T=250 ℃, I=1.0) ^{[

27
]}

Fig.3 pH-

f O 2

-δ ³⁴S diagram of golden deposit related to sulfide in eastern Shandong Province( T=250 ℃ and I=1.0) ^{[

27
]}

图4 δ ³⁴S等值线与Fe-S-O矿物以及白(绢)云母稳定范围之间的pH-

f O 2

图解( T=250 ℃, I=1.0)
①δ ³⁴S _∑S = 0‰时,黄铁矿和重晶石的δ ³⁴S等值线;②钾离子质量摩尔浓度

m K +

=+0.001 mol/kg时白(绢)云母—钾长石的界限与

m K +

=+0.1 mol/kg时高岭土—白(绢)云母的界限(据参考文献[11]修改)

Fig.4 pH-

f O 2

diagram of δ ³⁴S contours and stability fields of Fe-S-O minerals and muscovite (sericite) ( T=250 ℃ and I=1.0)
①δ ³⁴S contours of pyrite and barite when δ ³⁴S _∑S is 0‰;②Boundaries of muscovite (sericite) and potassium feldspar,and kaoline and muscovite (sericite) when potassium ion molarity

m K +

is +0.001 mol/kg and +0.1 mol/kg, respectively(modified after reference[11])

图4 δ ³⁴S等值线与Fe-S-O矿物以及白(绢)云母稳定范围之间的pH-

f O 2

图解( T=250 ℃, I=1.0)
①δ ³⁴S _∑S = 0‰时,黄铁矿和重晶石的δ ³⁴S等值线;②钾离子质量摩尔浓度

m K +

=+0.001 mol/kg时白(绢)云母—钾长石的界限与

m K +

=+0.1 mol/kg时高岭土—白(绢)云母的界限(据参考文献[11]修改)

Fig.4 pH-

f O 2

m K +

is +0.001 mol/kg and +0.1 mol/kg, respectively(modified after reference[11])

表1 含硫热液矿物组合与其δ ³⁴S值的大小关系

Table 1 Relationships between sulfur-bearing hydrothermal mineral assemblage and their δ ³⁴S values

区间	氧化程度	可能的矿物组合	热液矿物与成矿流体
区间	氧化程度	可能的矿物组合	δ³⁴S
1	高 ↓ 低	重晶石或重晶石—磁铁矿—赤铁矿	δ³⁴S_重晶石≈δ³⁴S_∑S
2		重晶石—黄铁矿	δ³⁴S_重晶石>δ³⁴S_∑S δ³⁴S_黄铁矿<δ³⁴S_∑S
3		黄铁矿或黄铁矿—磁黄铁矿	δ³⁴S_黄铁矿≈δ³⁴S_∑S
4		磁黄铁矿	δ³⁴S_磁黄铁矿≈δ³⁴S_∑S

表1 含硫热液矿物组合与其δ ³⁴S值的大小关系

Table 1 Relationships between sulfur-bearing hydrothermal mineral assemblage and their δ ³⁴S values

区间	氧化程度	可能的矿物组合	热液矿物与成矿流体
区间	氧化程度	可能的矿物组合	δ³⁴S
1	高 ↓ 低	重晶石或重晶石—磁铁矿—赤铁矿	δ³⁴S_重晶石≈δ³⁴S_∑S
2		重晶石—黄铁矿	δ³⁴S_重晶石>δ³⁴S_∑S δ³⁴S_黄铁矿<δ³⁴S_∑S
3		黄铁矿或黄铁矿—磁黄铁矿	δ³⁴S_黄铁矿≈δ³⁴S_∑S
4		磁黄铁矿	δ³⁴S_磁黄铁矿≈δ³⁴S_∑S

图5 河南前范岭钼矿床Pinckey-Rafter图解 ^{[

45
]}

Fig.5 Pinckey-Rafter diagram of molybdenum deposit in Qianfanling, He’nan Province ^{[

45
]}

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