塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘红柳沙包落叶阳离子含量及气候环境变化

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2013.12.1326

通过研究塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘地区安迪尔故城、安迪尔牧场和达玛沟乡3个不同地点的红柳沙包沉积纹层,系统分析了近400多年来红柳沙包落叶阳离子与气候环境变化的关系。结果表明,3个采样点中4种阳离子的变化幅度排序均为Ca²⁺> K⁺> Mg²⁺> Na⁺,其中Ca²⁺含量的变化与阳离子总量变化的相关系数最高,表明可以用Ca²⁺含量的变化或阳离子总量的变化分析气候环境变化趋势。红柳沙包落叶阳离子含量与温度呈负相关,依此划分塔南地区近400多年来的冷暖期,1590#cod#x02014;1691年为暖期,1692#cod#x02014;1896年为冷期(其中暖波动为1799#cod#x02014;1808年、1825#cod#x02014;1829年、1878#cod#x02014;1881年和1887#cod#x02014;1891年),1897#cod#x02014;2010年为暖期(其中冷波动为1939#cod#x02014;1941年、1992#cod#x02014;1998年)；降水量与红柳落叶阳离子含量的相关性较差；阳离子含量变化与区域洪水事件有较好对应。进一步完善了利用红柳沙包阳离子含量变化揭示气候环境变化的可行性,填补了塔南地区近400多年来高分辨率气候变化部分时段的空白。

关键词: 塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘, 红柳沙包, 阳离子, 环境变化

Based on the research on Tamarix cone sedimentary veins in three different places which are Andier Ancient City, Andier Meadow, and Damagou Township in the southern region of the Taklimakan Desert, the relationship between the characteristics of the positive ion content in Tamarix fallen leaves and climatic change during the past 400 years is systematically analyzed. The results show: the order of four kinds of positive ion content#cod#x02019;s change range in three sampling sites is Ca²⁺> K⁺> Mg²⁺> Na⁺. The correlation coefficient between Ca²⁺ content and the total positive ion content is higher, which indicates that Ca²⁺ content or the total positive ion content can reflect the change trends. There is an inverse correlation between positive ion content in Tamarix fallen leaves and the local temperature. According to the change of positive ion content, the climate in the southern region of the Taklimakan Desert can be divided into cold and warm periods during the past 400 years, among which the period of 1590-1691 is warm period, of 1692-1896 is cold period (warm fluctuations are 1799-1808,1825-1829,1878-1881,1887-1891), of 1897-2010 is warm period (cold fluctuations are 1939-1941,1992-1998); Precipitation has a poor correlation with the positive ion content; There is a better correspondence between the changes of positive ion content and the regional flood events. This research provides a kind of research method for the environmental evolution in the southern region of the Taklimakan Desert,and it is of great help to environmental change research of the arid desert regions. It has further perfected the feasibility of using positive ion content in Tamarix cone sedimentary veins to reveal the environmental change, and fills up the blank of high resolution climatic change during the past 400 years in the southern region of the Taklimakan Desert.

Key words: Southern region of the Taklimakan Desert, Tamarix cone, Positive ion, Environmental change.

图1 塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘地区红柳沙包采样点位置图

Fig.1 The location map of Tamarix cone sampling sites in southern region of Taklimakan desert

图2 塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘采样点红柳沙包沉积纹层的年代序列

Fig.2 Age sequence of Tamarix cone sedimentary veins at sampling sites in southern region of Taklimakan desert

图3 A采样点阳离子含量年际变化

Fig.3 Inter-annual variation of positive ion content in sampling site A

图4 B采样点阳离子含量年际变化

Fig.4 Inter-annual variation of positive ion content in sampling site B

图5 C采样点阳离子含量年际变化

Fig.5 Inter-annual variation of positive ion content in sampling site C

表1 各阳离子含量之间以及与阳离子总量变化的相关系数

Table 1 Correlation coefficients between positive ion content and their total content

相关系数		Na⁺	Mg²⁺	K⁺	Ca²⁺	阳离子总量
A采样点	Na⁺	1.000	0.152	0.796^**	-0.328^**	0.244^*
	Mg²⁺		1.000	0.433^**	0.423^**	0.614^**
	K⁺			1.000	-0.175	0.331^**
	Ca²⁺				1.000	0.830^**
B采样点	Na⁺	1.000	0.596^**	-0.329^**	-0.022	0.756^**
	Mg²⁺		1.000	-0.138	0.333^**	0.761^**
	K⁺			1.000	-0.209^*	-0.340^**
	Ca²⁺				1.000	0.626^**
C采样点	Na⁺	1.000	0.198^*	0.411^**	0.057	0.403^**
	Mg²⁺		1.000	0.308^**	0.665^**	0.744^**
	K⁺			1.000	-0.068	0.155
	Ca²⁺				1.000	0.931^**

表1 各阳离子含量之间以及与阳离子总量变化的相关系数

Table 1 Correlation coefficients between positive ion content and their total content

相关系数		Na⁺	Mg²⁺	K⁺	Ca²⁺	阳离子总量
A采样点	Na⁺	1.000	0.152	0.796^**	-0.328^**	0.244^*
	Mg²⁺		1.000	0.433^**	0.423^**	0.614^**
	K⁺			1.000	-0.175	0.331^**
	Ca²⁺				1.000	0.830^**
B采样点	Na⁺	1.000	0.596^**	-0.329^**	-0.022	0.756^**
	Mg²⁺		1.000	-0.138	0.333^**	0.761^**
	K⁺			1.000	-0.209^*	-0.340^**
	Ca²⁺				1.000	0.626^**
C采样点	Na⁺	1.000	0.198^*	0.411^**	0.057	0.403^**
	Mg²⁺		1.000	0.308^**	0.665^**	0.744^**
	K⁺			1.000	-0.068	0.155
	Ca²⁺				1.000	0.931^**

表2 采样点钙离子含量变化与塔南地区温度之间的关系

Table 2 The relationship between Ca2+ content change at sampling sites and the temperature in southern region of Taklimakan desert

时期	温度	钙离子含量变化趋势
1903-1940年 1941-1970年 1971-1992年	低温高温中高温	钙离子含量呈逐渐升高的态势,有波峰存在。钙离子含量呈逐渐降低的态势,有波谷存在。钙离子含量波动幅度不大,总体呈增高态势。

表2 采样点钙离子含量变化与塔南地区温度之间的关系

Table 2 The relationship between Ca2+ content change at sampling sites and the temperature in southern region of Taklimakan desert

时期	温度	钙离子含量变化趋势
1903-1940年 1941-1970年 1971-1992年	低温高温中高温	钙离子含量呈逐渐升高的态势,有波峰存在。钙离子含量呈逐渐降低的态势,有波谷存在。钙离子含量波动幅度不大,总体呈增高态势。

图6 采样点红柳落叶Ca ²⁺含量距平值变化

Fig.6 Anomaly curve of Ca ²⁺ content at sampling sites

图6 塔南地区气候冷暖期划分

Table 3 The division of temperature periods in southern region of Taklimakan desert

冷暖期	A采样点	B采样点	C采样点
冷期	1807-1897 1930-1940 1992-1995	1643-1798 1829-1894 1916-1926 1938-1956	1691-1797 1823-1894 1911-1914 1926-1927
暖期	1792-1806 1898-1929 1941-1991 1995-2010	1600-1642 1799-1828 1895-1915 1927-1937 1957-2010	1590-1690 1798-1822 1895-1910 1915-1925 1928-2010

图6 塔南地区气候冷暖期划分

Table 3 The division of temperature periods in southern region of Taklimakan desert

冷暖期	A采样点	B采样点	C采样点
冷期	1807-1897 1930-1940 1992-1995	1643-1798 1829-1894 1916-1926 1938-1956	1691-1797 1823-1894 1911-1914 1926-1927
暖期	1792-1806 1898-1929 1941-1991 1995-2010	1600-1642 1799-1828 1895-1915 1927-1937 1957-2010	1590-1690 1798-1822 1895-1910 1915-1925 1928-2010

表4 新疆及周边地区气候变化冷暖期

Table 4 Cold and warm periods of climate change in different areas of Xinjiang and its surrounding area

代用指标	冷期	暖期
古里雅冰芯记录	14世纪,16世纪 17世纪末-1920波动频繁(其中暖波动为1691-1790,1880-1990)	15世纪,17世纪 17世纪末-1920波动频繁(其中冷波动为1791-1880) 1920-今
天目山树轮 #cod#x003b4;¹³C记录	1685-1708 1800-1894(其中暖波动为1840-1867)	1709-1799(其中冷波动为1722-1750,1760-1770)； 1895-1985(其中冷波动为1940-1964)
塔里木河中游胡杨树轮记录	1829-1866 1880-1930 1949-1969	1807-1828,1867-1879, 1931-1948,1970-1988
额尔齐斯河流域树轮记录	1831-1857 1890-1904 1932-1975	1782-1830,1858-1889, 1905-1931
伊犁地区树轮记录	1763-1846 1859-1880 1903-1927	1735-1762,1847-1858, 1881-1902,1928-1985

表4 新疆及周边地区气候变化冷暖期

Table 4 Cold and warm periods of climate change in different areas of Xinjiang and its surrounding area

代用指标	冷期	暖期
古里雅冰芯记录	14世纪,16世纪 17世纪末-1920波动频繁(其中暖波动为1691-1790,1880-1990)	15世纪,17世纪 17世纪末-1920波动频繁(其中冷波动为1791-1880) 1920-今
天目山树轮 #cod#x003b4;¹³C记录	1685-1708 1800-1894(其中暖波动为1840-1867)	1709-1799(其中冷波动为1722-1750,1760-1770)； 1895-1985(其中冷波动为1940-1964)
塔里木河中游胡杨树轮记录	1829-1866 1880-1930 1949-1969	1807-1828,1867-1879, 1931-1948,1970-1988
额尔齐斯河流域树轮记录	1831-1857 1890-1904 1932-1975	1782-1830,1858-1889, 1905-1931
伊犁地区树轮记录	1763-1846 1859-1880 1903-1927	1735-1762,1847-1858, 1881-1902,1928-1985

表5 塔南地区洪水发生年份

Table 5 Flood years in southern region of Taklimakan desert

	A采样点	B采样点	C采样点
洪水发生年份	1799,1812,1832,1857,1869,1889,1902,1910,1931,1941,1945,1948,1958,1971,1972,1977,1986,1996,2000,2001	1784,1799,1812,1834,1857,1866,1869,1889,1896,1915,1931,1935,1941,1948,1958,1963,1969,1972,1975,1981,1987,1996,2000,2001, 2004	1784,1799,1812,1834,1857,1862, 1866,1869,1889,1892, 1903,1911 1915,1931,1941,1948,1963,1966,1969,1971,1972,1987,1996,2010,

表5 塔南地区洪水发生年份

Table 5 Flood years in southern region of Taklimakan desert

	A采样点	B采样点	C采样点
洪水发生年份	1799,1812,1832,1857,1869,1889,1902,1910,1931,1941,1945,1948,1958,1971,1972,1977,1986,1996,2000,2001	1784,1799,1812,1834,1857,1866,1869,1889,1896,1915,1931,1935,1941,1948,1958,1963,1969,1972,1975,1981,1987,1996,2000,2001, 2004	1784,1799,1812,1834,1857,1862, 1866,1869,1889,1892, 1903,1911 1915,1931,1941,1948,1963,1966,1969,1971,1972,1987,1996,2010,

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Positive Ion Contained in Tamarix Cone Sedimentary Veins and Climatic and Environmental Change in Southern Region of Taklimakan Desert