珊瑚礁遥感研究进展

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2007.04.0396

受到气候变化和人类活动的影响，全球的珊瑚礁生态系统正迅速退化，通过遥感技术监测珊瑚礁栖底物质的结构组成和变化对于管理和保护珊瑚礁生态系统具有重要意义。珊瑚礁上层水体对光强的衰减、栖底物质光谱的复杂性以及空间的异质性，构成了珊瑚礁遥感的特点，同时也是难点；从光谱可分性分析、遥感图像分类、混合光谱分解、变化检测4个方面总结分析了近几年国际上在珊瑚礁遥感领域所做的研究，并指出应从高光谱影像分析、声学遥感和光学遥感相结合、完善珊瑚礁遥感物理模型等方面推进珊瑚礁遥感的发展。

关键词: 遥感, 珊瑚礁, 分类

Global coral reef ecosystems degrade quickly as a result of disturbances from climate change and human activities. Getting knowledge of coral reef benthic cover through remote sensing is of great importance to coral reef management and protection. A significant problem involved with remote sensing of submerged coral reef ecosystems is that water column overlying the substrate significantly affects the remotely sensed signal due to optical attenuation of light in water. Water depth, water quality, tidal variability, surface roughness, spectral similarity of various substrata, as well as spatial heterogeneity, combine to limit the accuracy with which remote sensing can be used to identify coral reef substrate type. In this article, international research work in coral reef remote sensing field were reviewed and five main topics were summarized and expounded, which were separabiltiy analysis of substrate spectral reflectance, water correction methods, spectral unmixing modeling and methods, remote sensing images classification and change detection. Research results acknowledge that classification of benthic covers, especially at fine levels, needs high spectral resolution. When spectral information is not enough, utilizing spatial information can be expected to give improvements. Optical remote sensors usually fail to get coral reef information as a result of their limited ability of water penetration and cloud contamination. Based on the understanding of coral reef remote sensing status, prospects of future development were put forward. They include as follows: hyperspectral data will be used more frequently due to their more accessibility; spatial information, including textural and contextual information, would be attached with greater importance in order to enhance classification and change detection accuracy; much more efforts need to be devoted to improving theoretical physical models of coral reef remote sensing; optical sensors can be combined with acoustic sensors; optical sensors especially to monitor coral reef environments should be designed and launched. 

Key words: Remote sensing, Coral reef, Classification. 

中图分类号:

TP75

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摘要

A Review of Coral Reef Remote Sensing