大气污染物向海洋的输入及其生态环境效应

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2002.03.0326

地球科学进展 ›› 2002, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (3): 326 -330. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2002.03.0326

大气污染物向海洋的输入及其生态环境效应

高会旺，张英娟，张凯

青岛海洋大学环境科学与工程研究院，山东青岛 266003

收稿日期:2001-03-15 修回日期:2001-08-31 出版日期:2002-12-20
通讯作者: 高会旺(1966-)，男，山东曹县人，教授，主要从事海洋环境与大气环境的研究.E-mail: hwgao@ouqd.edu.cn E-mail:hwgao@ouqd.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目“黄海氮的大气输入及其对海洋生产的影响”（编号：49806006); 教育部骨干教师项目“大气对渤海的物质输入及其环境效应”；国家重点基础研究发展规划项目“渤海环流及其变异对环境容量及质量的影响”（编号：G1999043812）联合资助.

ATMOSPHERIC INPUTS OF POLLUTANTS TO THE SEA AND THEIR EFFECTS ON MARINE ENVIRONMENT AND ECOSYSTEM

GAO Hui-wang， ZHANG Ying-juan， ZHANG Kai

Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao 266003, China

Received:2001-03-15 Revised:2001-08-31 Online:2002-12-20 Published:2002-06-01

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纵观20年来，特别是近几年来逐渐成为生物地球化学循环研究热点之一的大气对海洋物质输入的研究，从大气物质入海通量，大气物质入海对海洋生态系统和环境的影响，大气物质入海的科学研究计划和项目等方面分析了这一领域的研究现状和未来趋势。给出了不同海区各种主要大气入海物质的通量或在同类物质入海总量中的比例，讨论了氮、磷、铁等营养物质和持续性有毒污染物，如PAH、PCBs、杀虫剂和重金属对海洋生态系统和环境的不同影响。

关键词: 海洋, 大气物质输入, 海洋生态环境

The study of atmospheric inputs to the sea has become a new focus of biogeochemical cycle in the past few years. Fluxes of atmospheric pollutants to the sea, the effects of atmospheric input on marine environment and ecosystem, and study projects on this point are reviewed. The atmospheric deposition fluxes/proportions of atmospheric versus riverine inputs of nutrients, aerosol, heavy metals and some persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are given. It is shown that the amount of nitrogen from atmosphere to the sea is about 20%~50% of the total input from atmosphere and rivers, and the atmospheric inputs of PAH, PCB, DDT and heavy metals, such as Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe are 50%~80% of the total inputs. The different effects of nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, heavy metals and POPs, such as PAH, PCBs and pesticides on marine environment and ecosystem are discussed. Nutrients, nitrogen and phosphorus from atmosphere deposition are important factor to enhance new primary production in open seas, but have some positive influence on the nutrificated coastal oceans. More and more species of POPs and heavy metals are detected in water and sediment in the sea, which may prevent the production of phytoplankton and change the natural structure of marine ecosystem.

Key words: Pollutants, Atmospheric inputs, Marine environment and ecosystem.

中图分类号:

X146

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