生态水文科学研究的现状与展望

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2001.03.0314

生态水文科学研究是区域生态系统研究和区域水文科学研究的交叉领域,其核心内容是揭示不同环境条件下植物与水的相互关系机理,探索各种植被的生态水文作用过程。近年来,生态与水文相互作用过程的数学模拟和专门模型研制日益成为重要的发展领域,同时,生态水文学的研究十分注重尺度效应,把在一定尺度上获得的水文与生态原理或模型向其它不同尺度转换已成为最具挑战性的问题。山地生态系统成为全球变化研究最为重要的研究场所,开展与全球变化相关的生态系统物质与能量循环、生态过程的梯度效应及其与水文过程的耦合关系、生态系统结构与功能及其变化等方面的研究,是生态水文学研究最具活力的方向,其中建立包含区域气候变化因素的多元生态过程动态模拟模型,并使该模型具有不同时空尺度、不同地貌和生态带的广泛适应性是目前广泛关注的热点问题。

关键词: 生态水文学, 生态系统, 生态水文过程, 生态水文模型

The ecological hydrology is a science related to the overlapping parts of the ecology and hydrology. Eco-hydrology focuses on studing the relationship between vegetation and water under various environmental conditions and revealing the eco hydrological processes of different plants. In recent years, the development of mathematic models which would be used to model the re actions between plants and water and other eco hydrology models are becoming the important fields in eco hydrology. Besides that, the scale is becoming the seriously problem. Transforming the hydrological and ecological principles and functions obtained in one scale to the other scales could be the most challenge problem in the future. Recently, with the development of researching in the material and energy circulation related to the global change in ecological system, study in hydrological and ecological processes and their interaction along altitudinal gradients and the structure and functions of a ecological system, more and more attentions were paid to the mountain ecological system. During those disciplines, one of the most vigorous fields is to study and develop the multi element dynamic models containing regional climate changes, and make the models have the effectiveness in different scales and various topography or ecological zones.

Key words: Eco-hydrology, Ecological system, Hydrological processes, Eco-hydrological model.

中图分类号:

Q14
P343

[1] Petts G E,Bradley C. Hydrological and ecological interactions within river corridors[A].In: Wilby R L,ed. Contemporary Hydrology[C]. Chichester:Wiley,1997.241-271.
[2] Petts G E,Maddock I,Bickerton M,et al. Linking Hydrology and Ecology:the Scientific Basis for River Management[M].Chichester:Wiley,1995.1-16.
[3] Divie T J A,Durocher M G. A model to consider the spatial variability of rainfall partitioning within deciduous canopy 1.Model description [J]. Hydrological Processes, 1997, 11: 1509-1 523.
[4] Divie T J A,Durocher M G. A model to consider the spatial variability of rainfall partitioning within deciduous canopy 2.Model parameterization and testing[J]. Hydrological Processes,1997,11:1 525-1 540.
[5] Hatton T J,Salvucci G D,Wu HI. Eagleson' s optimality theory of an eco-hydrological equilibrium: quo vadis? [J]. Functional Ecology,1997,11:665-674.
[6] IGBP. IGBP report 43:Predicting Glolac Change Impacts on moumtain Hydrology and Ecology[R]. 1997.7-30.
[7] Noilhan J,Lacarrere P,Dolman A J,et al. Defining area-average parameters in meteorological models for land surfaces with mesoscale heterogeneity[J]. Journal of Hydrology,1997, 190(3-4):302-316.
[8] John Wainwright,Mark Mulligan,John Thornes. Plants and water in drylands[A].In:Baird A J,et al,eds. Eco-hydrology[C]. London:Routledge,1999. 78-123.
[9] Kirkby M J,Baird A J,Diamond S M,et al. A physically based process model for hydrology, ecology and land degradation interactions[A].In:Brandt C J,Thornes J B,eds. Mediterranean Desertification and Land Use [C]. Chichester: Wiley, 1996.303-354.
[10] Evenari M. The desert environment[A].In:Evenari M,et al eds. Hot Deserts and Shrublands[C].Amsterdam:Elsevier,1985.1-9.
[11] Jeltch F,Milton S J,Dean W R J,et al. Tree spacing and coexistence in semi-arid savannas [J]. Journal of Ecology,1996,84:583-595.
[12] Bryan D Wheeler. Water and plants in freshwater wetlands[A].In:Baird A J,et aleds. Eco-hydrology[C]. London:Routledge,1999. 128~157.
[13] Lu Xianguo,He Yan,Yang Qing. The wetland carbon cycle and its significance in global change[A]. In:Chen Yiyu,ed.Wetlands Research in China[C].Changchun:Jilin Science and Technology Press,1995. 68-72.[吕宪国,何岩,杨青.湿地碳循环及其在全球变化中的意义[A].见:陈宜瑜主编.中国湿地研究[C].长春:吉林科学技术出版社,1995. 68-72.]
[14] Zhao Kuiyi. The wetlands bio-diversity research and sustainable use in China[A]. In:Chen Yiyu,ed. Wetlands Research in China[C].Changchun:Jilin Science and Technology Press,1995. 48-54.[赵魁仪.中国湿地生物多样性的研究与持续利用[A].见:陈宜瑜主编.中国湿地研究[C].长春:吉林科学技术出版社,1995. 48-54.]
[15] Wang Lixian,Xie Mingshu. The Hydro-ecological Benefit on Soil and Water Conservation and its Information System of Protective Forest in the Mountainous Region[M].Beijing:Chinese Forestry Press,1998. 1-19.[王礼先,解明曙.山地防护林水土保持水文生态效益及其信息系统[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1998. 1-19.]
[16] Ma Xuehua. Forest Hydrology[M]. Beijing:Chinese Forestry Press,1993. 11-39.[马雪华.森林水文学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1993. 11-39.]
[17] Likens G E,Bormann F H,et al. Biogeochemistry of a Forested Ecosystem[M].New York:Springer-Verlag,1996.1-54.
[18] Liu Shirong.The Regularity of Hydro-ecological Function of Forest Ecosystem in China[M]. Beijing:Chinese Forestry Press,1996. 107-203.[刘世荣.中国森林生态系统水文生态功能规律[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1996. 107-203.]
[19] Whitehead P G,Robinson M. Experimental basin studies—an international and historical perspective of forest impacts[J].Journal of Hydrology,1993,145:217-230.
[20] Boon P J,Calow P,Petts G E. River Conservation and Management[M]. John Wiley &Sons,1992. 2-18.
[21] Sun Lida,Zhu Jinzhao. The Comprehensive Benefit Research and Assessment of Soil and Water Conservation Forest System [M]. Beijing: Chinese Science and Technology Press,1995. 22-64.[孙立达,朱金兆.水土保持林体系综合效益研究与评价[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1995. 22-64.]
[22] Xu Xiaoqing. Evaluation and Quantization of Forest Comprehensive Benefit[M].Beijing:Chinese Forestry Press,1992.[徐孝庆.森林综合效益计量评价[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1992.]
[23] Xu Xinyi,Wang Hao,Gan Hong,et al. The Theory and Methods of Macroeconomic Water Resources Planning in Northern China Region[M].Zhengzhou:Huanghe Hydraulic Press,1997. 130-232.[许新宜,王浩,甘弘,等.华北地区宏观经济水资源规划理论与方法[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,1997. 130-232.]
[24] Xu Zhongmin. A scenario-based framework for multicriteria decision analysis in water carrying capacity[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,1999,21(2):99-106.[徐中民.情景基础的水资源承载力多目标分析理论及应用[J].冰川冻土,1999,21(2):99-106.]
[25] Wang Genxu,Cheng Guodong. The ecological significance and functions of hydrology in arid area of China[J]. Environmental Geology,1999,39(3).
[26] Andrew R G Large,Karel Prach. Plants and water in streams and rivers[A].In:Baird A J,et al,eds. Eco-hydrology[C].London:Routledge,1999. 237-258.
[27] Abtem W. Evapo-transpiration measurements and modeling for three wetland systems in south Florida[J]. Water Resources Bulletin,1996,32:465-473.
[28] Chen Guichen,Peng Min,Zhou Lihua,et al. Relationship between ecological environmental change and human activity in Qinghai lake region:a preliminary study[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,1994,13(2):44-49.[陈桂琛,彭敏,周立华,等.青海湖地区生态环境演变与人类活动关系的初步研究[J].生态学杂志,1994,13(2):44-49.]
[29] Bandyopadhyay J,Rodda J C,Kattelmann R,et al. Highland water—a Resource of Global Significance[M]. Carnforth:Parthenon,1997.131-155.
[30] Wetzel R G. Plants and water in and adjacent to lakes[A].In:Baird A J,et al,eds. Eco-hydrology[C]. London:Routledge, 1999. 270-292.
[31] IGBP. IGBP Report 47:Global OceanEcosystem Dynamics(GLOBEC) Implementation[R]. 1998. 3-56.
[32] Turner M G. Spatial and temporal analysis of landscape patterns[J].Landscape Ecology, 1990,4:21-30.
[33] James L D. NSF research in hydrological sciences[J]. Journal of Hydrology,1995,172:3-14.
[34] Kalma J D,Sivapalan M. Scale Issues in Hydrological Modelling[M]. Chichester::Wiley,1995. 71-88.
[35] Robert L,Wilby,David S Schimel. Scales of interaction in eco-hydrological relations[A].In: Baird A J,et al,eds. Ecohydrology[C]. London:Routledge,1999. 39-66.
[36] Dooge J C I. Hydrology in perspective[J].Hydrological Sciences Journal,1995,33:61-85.
[37] Root T L,Schneider S H. Ecology and climate: research strategies and implications[J]. Science,1995,269:334-341.
[38] Hostetler S W. Hydrologic and atmospheric models: the problem of discordant scales[J]. Climate Change,1994,27:345-350.
[39] Dawson T E,Chapin F S. Scaling Physiological Processes:Leaf to Globe[M].New York:Academic Press,1993.
[40] Anyamba A,Eastman J R. Interannual variability of NDVI over Africa and its relation to El Nin~o/Southern Oscillation[J]. Journal of Remote Sensing,1996,17:2 533-2 548.
[41] Garrison Sposito. Scale Dependence and Scale Invariance in Hydrology[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1998. 6-31.
[42] Liu Xinren. Discussion on the several problems of macroscale hydrological modeling[A].In:Study on Energy and Hydrological Cycle in Huaihe River Valley[C].Beijing:Meteorology Press,1999. [刘新仁.大尺度水文模拟若干问题的探讨[A].见:淮河流域能量与水文循环研究[C].北京:气象出版社,1999.]
[43] Wassen M J,van Diggelen R,Wolejko L,et al. A comparison of fens in natural and artificial landscapes[J]. Vegetation,1996,126:5-26.
[44] Verburg K,Ross P J, Bristow K L. SWIMV2.1 User Manual, Divisional Report of the CSIRO Division of Soils No. 130[R]. 1996.
[45] Abbott M B,Bathurst J C,Cunge J A,et al. An introduction to the European Hydrological System-structure of a physically based, distributed modelling system[J]. Journal of Hydrology,1986,87:61-77.
[46] Vitousek P M,Mooney H A,Lubchenco J. Human domination of Earth' s eco-system[J]. Science,1997,277:494-499.
[47] Burt T P. Long-term study of the natural environment-perceptive science or mindless monitoring? [J]. Progress in Physical Geography,1994,18:475-496.
[48] Farrell D A. Experimental watersheds: a historical perspective[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,1995,50:432-437.
[49] Roush W. Wen rigour meets reality[J]. Science,1995,269:313-315.
[50] Moulin S,Kergoat L,Viovy N,et al. Global-scale assessment of vegetation phenology using NOAA/AVHRR satellite measurements[J]. Journal of Climate,1997,10:1 154-1 170.
[51] Asner G P,Braswell B H,Schimel D S,et al. Ecological research needs from multiangle remote sensing date[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment,1998,63:155-165.
[52] Pickett S T A,Cacanasso M L. Landscape ecology,spatial heterogeneity in ecological system[J]. Science,1995,269:331-334.
[53] Xiao Duning,Li Xiuzhen. Development and prospect of contemperary landscape ecology[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica,1997,17(4):356-364.[肖笃宁,李秀珍.当代景观生态学的进展和展望[J].地理科学,1997,17(4):356-364.]
[54] Xiao Duning,Bu Rencang,Li Xiuzhen. Eco-space theory and landscape heterogeneity[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,1997,17(5):453~460.[肖笃宁,布仁仓,李秀珍.生态空间理论与景观异质性[J].生态学报,1997,17(5):453-460.]
[55] Baird A J,Wilby R L. Eco-hydrology[M].London:Routledge,1999.355-358.
[56] Cornell S,Rendell A,Jickells T. Atmospheric inputs of dissolved organic nitrogen to the oceans[J]. Nature,1995,376:243-246.
[57] Dobson A P,Bradshaw A D,Baker A J M. Hopes for the future: restoration ecology and conservation biology[J]. Science,1997,277:515-522.

[1]	王奕佳,刘焱序,宋爽,傅伯杰. 水—粮食—能源—生态系统关联研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(7): 684-693.
[2]	范小杉. 国际社会对生态系统服务研究误区的研讨综述[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(6): 616-624.
[3]	刘小茜,裴韬,舒华,高锡章. 基于文献计量学的社会—生态系统恢复力研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2019, 34(7): 765-777.
[4]	温学发,张心昱,魏杰,吕斯丹,王静,陈昌华,宋贤威,王晶苑,戴晓琴. 地球关键带视角理解生态系统碳生物地球化学过程与机制[J]. 地球科学进展, 2019, 34(5): 471-479.
[5]	范小杉, 何萍. 河流生态系统服务研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2018, 33(8): 852-864.
[6]	夏军, 左其亭, 韩春辉. 生态水文学学科体系及学科发展战略[J]. 地球科学进展, 2018, 33(7): 665-674.
[7]	李哲, 陈永柏, 李翀, 郭劲松, 肖艳, 鲁伦慧. 河流梯级开发生态环境效应与适应性管理进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2018, 33(7): 675-686.
[8]	法科宇, 雷光春, 张宇清, 刘加彬. 荒漠地区大气—土壤的碳交换过程[J]. 地球科学进展, 2018, 33(5): 464-472.
[9]	马学成, 巩杰, 柳冬青, 张金茜. 社会生态系统研究态势:文献计量分析视角[J]. 地球科学进展, 2018, 33(4): 435-444.
[10]	潘文杰, 杨孝民, 张晓东, 李自民, 杨石磊, 吴云涛, 郝倩, 宋照亮. 中国陆地生态系统植硅体碳汇研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2017, 32(8): 859-866.
[11]	何霄嘉, 王敏, 冯相昭. 生态系统服务纳入应对气候变化的可行性与途径探讨[J]. 地球科学进展, 2017, 32(5): 560-567.
[12]	周浙昆, 周忠和, 王怿. 陆地生态系统与地球环境的协同演化[J]. 地球科学进展, 2016, 31(7): 682-688.
[13]	孟伟庆, 胡蓓蓓, 刘百桥, 周俊. 基于生态系统的海洋管理:概念、原则、框架与实践途径[J]. 地球科学进展, 2016, 31(5): 461-470.
[14]	曹沛雨, 张雷明, 李胜功, 张军辉. 植被物候观测与指标提取方法研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2016, 31(4): 365-376.
[15]	潘根兴, 陆海飞, 李恋卿, 郑聚锋, 张旭辉, 程琨, 刘晓雨, 卞荣军, 郑金伟. 土壤碳固定与生物活性：面向可持续土壤管理的新前沿[J]. 地球科学进展, 2015, 30(8): 940-951.

阅读次数

全文

摘要

CURRENT SITUATION AND PROSPECT OF THE ECOLOGICAL HYDROLOGY