全球气候变化对红树林生态系统的影响与研究对策

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.1995.04.0341

红树林生态来统出现于热带和亚热带的潮间带，是一个脆弱或敏感的生态来统，受到陆相和海相的双重影响，可能是全球气候变化影响的早期指示者。气候变化引起海平面升高的速率在9~12 cm/100a时或超过红树林底质的沉积速率时，红树林就受到胁迫甚至消亡。平均气温上升可能造成红树林种类组成的变化。一定限度的升温有利红树植物的生长发育，但太高温度不利其叶的形成和光合作用。温度的累积作用会有相当大的影响，并通过土壤呼吸的刺激产生多种反馈机制。降水方式的变化引起土壤或水的盐度改变而对红树林产生影响。另外还讨论了我国开展红树林生态系统与气候变化研究的内容和方法建议，包括红树林湿地温室气体排放的动态，CO₂水平提高对红树林生态系统的影响等。

关键词: 全球气候变化, 红树林生态系统, 对策建议

Mangrove ecosystems found in the intertidal regions of tropical and subtropical areas are Ecoton or Eco-sensitive zones. They are likely to be early indicators of the effects of climate change. If the rate of sea-level rise is 9~12 cm per 100 years or exceeds the rate of mangrove sediment accretion, mangrove may be under stress or collapse. If the average air temperature increase, the species composition of mangrove forests may change. Mangrove plant development may be accelerated by limited temperature increase, however too high temperature is not beneficial to mangrove leaf development and photosynthesis. Temperature increase could become significant when the cumulative effects of temperature on plant development, and could cause some feedback mechanisms via soil respiration stimulation. The change of precipitation patterns in mangrove area may effect the mangrove ecosystems through influencing soil or water salinity. Including research methods, some research countermeasure suggestions on relationship between mangrove ecosystems of China and climate change are discussed, such as dynamics of greenhouse gases released from mangrove wet lands and effects of elevated CO₂ on mangrove ecosystems, etc.

Key words: Global climate change, Mangrove ecosystems, Countermeasure suggestion.

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摘要

REVIEW ON IMPACT OF GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE ON MANGROVE ECOSYSTEMS AND RESEARCH COUNTERMEASURE