地球科学进展

地球科学进展 ›› 2018, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (10): 1094 -1104. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2018.10.1094.

可持续发展 上一篇    

城市扩展过程对自然生境影响评价的研究进展
宋世雄( ), 刘志锋 *( ), 何春阳, 赵瑞, 任强   
  1. 1.北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室人与环境可持续研究中心,北京 100875
    2.北京师范大学地理科学学部自然资源学院土地资源与区域发展研究中心,北京 100875
  • 收稿日期:2018-06-04 修回日期:2018-08-12 出版日期:2018-10-10
  • 通讯作者: 刘志锋 E-mail:ssx1990@126.com;Zhifeng.Liu@bnu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室资助项目“中国北方农牧交错带土地利用/覆盖变化对区域生态系统服务的影响研究”(编号:2017-FX-02);中央高校基本科研业务费专项“京津冀城市群地区城市扩展过程对湿地景观可持续性的影响研究”(编号:2017EYT07)资助.

Research Progress on Assessing the Impacts of Urban Expansion on Natural Habitats

Shixiong Song( ), Zhifeng Liu *( ), Chunyang He, Rui Zhao, Qiang Ren   

  1. 1.Center for Human-Environment System Sustainability (CHESS), State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology (ESPRE),Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
    2.School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
  • Received:2018-06-04 Revised:2018-08-12 Online:2018-10-10 Published:2018-11-16
  • Contact: Zhifeng Liu E-mail:ssx1990@126.com;Zhifeng.Liu@bnu.edu.cn
  • About author:

    First author:Song Shixiong(1990-), male, Qian County, Shaanxi Province, Ph.D student. Research areas include urbanization and landscape sustainability science. E-mail: ssx1990@126.com

  • Supported by:
    Project supported by the State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, China "The impacts of land use/cover change on regional ecosystem services in the agro-pastoral transitional zone in Northern China"(No.2017-FX-02);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities "The impacts of urban expansion on wetland sustainability in the Jing-Jin-Ji urban agglomeration"(No.2017EYT07).
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城市扩展过程已经成为影响自然生境的关键因素。了解城市扩展过程对自然生境影响评价的研究现状,对于协调城市扩展过程与自然生境保护之间的矛盾、提高城市可持续性具有重要意义。为此,系统综述了城市扩展过程对自然生境影响评价的国内外研究进展,发现城市扩展过程对自然生境影响评价研究的中英文论文数量和被引频次均呈上升趋势。相关研究主要评价了城市扩展过程对广义自然生境的影响,在内容上侧重于评价城市扩展过程对自然生境面积和空间格局的影响,在尺度上偏重于局地尺度,在研究方法上倾向于采用空间统计法。这些研究为深入理解城市扩展过程对自然生境的影响奠定了良好的基础,但在评价对象、研究尺度和分析方法等方面仍存在不足。针对已有研究中存在的不足,提出了一套基于“多视角、多尺度和多方法”的城市扩展过程对自然生境影响的综合评价框架,以期为更加有效地评价城市扩展过程对自然生境的影响提供帮助。

关键词: 城市扩展过程, 对自然生境的影响, 文献计量

Urban expansion has become one of the main factors influencing natural habitats. Understanding the advances on the assessments of the impacts of urban expansion on natural habitats is of great significance to balance the contradiction between urban expansion and natural habitats protection and to improve urban sustainability. Therefore, this paper reviewed the assessments of the impacts of urban expansion on natural habitats. The results showed that the number of papers and the frequency of citations continuously increased. Previous studies mainly evaluated the impacts of urban expansion on natural habitats in broad sense, and emphasized the impacts on the area and spatial patterns of natural habitats. The scale of previous studies concentrated on the local scale, and the spatial statistics were used as the most popular assessment method. Previous studies have laid a good foundation for understanding the impacts of urban expansion on natural habitats, but there are shortcomings in several aspects of contents, scales and methods. To solve those shortcomings, we propose a framework for assessing the impacts of urban expansion on natural habitats based on the principle of "multiple perspectives, multiple scales, and multiple methods". This framework will be helpful to assess the impacts of urbanization on natural habitats in a more effective way.

Key words: Urban expansion, Impacts on natural habitats, Bibliometric

中图分类号: 

图1 城市扩展过程对自然生境影响的基本原理
Fig.1 The basic mechanisms of the impacts of urban expansion on natural habitats
表1 城市扩展过程对自然生境的影响
Table 1 The impacts of urban expansion on natural habitats
类别 影响 具体表现 参考文献
直接影响 自然生境损失 自然生境面积和核心斑块面积减少 [6,12]
自然生境破碎化 自然生境之间连通性降低、隔离度增加和形状不规则等 [5,34,35]
间接影响 环境污染 包括大气污染、水污染、光污染和噪音污染等 [37,38]
人类活动干扰 包括生活垃圾和休憩等 [36,39]
资源占用 城市居民采伐树木、野生花卉和草药等 [40]
物种入侵 外来物种入侵和定居等 [40]
图2 论文数量和被引频次
(a)英文论文;(b)中文论文
Fig.2 Numbers of published papers
(a) English papers; (b) Chinese papers
图3 主要研究内容
(a)单词云;(b)相关文献的研究内容
Fig.3 The main research contents
(a)Word cloud; (b) The research content of published papers
图4 主要研究尺度和研究对象
(a)已有研究的空间尺度和研究对象;(b)相关文献的研究对象;(c)相关文献的空间尺度
Fig.4 The main spatial scales and organization levels
(a)The main spatial scales and organization levels of existing studies; (b) The organization levels of published papers;(c) The spatial scales of published papers
图5 城市扩展过程对自然生境影响的评价流程
Fig.5 General procedures for assessing the impacts of urban expansion on natural habitats
表2 城市扩展过程对自然生境影响的主要评价方法
Table 2 The major methods for assessing the impacts of urban expansion on natural habitats
评价方法 基本原理 优点 缺点 参考文献
实地调查法 利用观察或采样等方法获取物种数据或样品,结合统计方法或实验检测,评价城市扩展过程对自然生境的影响 准确地评价城市扩展过程对自然生境面积和质量的影响 难以评价城市扩展过程对自然生境空间格局的影响;空间可视化能力差;研究的空间范围较小 [36,38,42]
空间统计法 利用遥感和地理信息系统技术获取土地利用/覆盖数据,结合空间统计和景观指数等方法,评价城市扩展过程对自然生境的影响 快速地评价长时间和大范围的城市扩展过程对自然生境面积和空间格局的影响 难以评价城市扩展过程对自然生境质量的影响 [12,35,43,44]
模型模拟法 基于生物多样性评估模型、生态系统过程模拟模型或生态系统服务模型,评价城市扩展过程对自然生境的影响 可以评价城市扩展过程对自然生境质量的影响 模拟结果难以验证;模型参数获取较难;难以评价城市扩展过程对自然生境面积和空间格局的影响 [45~47]
图6 城市扩展过程对自然生境影响的综合评价框架
Fig.6 The comprehensive framework for assessing the impacts of urban expansion on natural habitats
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