空间域密度界面反演方法及其进展

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2019.01.0057

利用重力数据反演密度界面一直是重力学研究的重要内容，其在区域构造研究和油气勘探等领域发挥着越来越重要的作用。按照计算域的不同，密度界面反演方法可分为频率域方法和空间域方法。简要介绍了空间域方法中研究和使用较多的直接迭代法、脊回归法和正则化方法的基本原理及改进措施，3种方法的应用效果对比表明，直接迭代法和脊回归法反演结果均为光滑形态的密度界面，而正则化方法可反演非光滑形态密度界面，并且方便施加先验约束信息。密度界面反演结果受位场分离精度的影响较大，应尽量利用已知信息作为约束进行位场分离或采用逐层分离技术。待反演界面上下的密度差对反演结果影响亦很大，需充分利用研究区密度资料构建符合构造特征的三维密度差变化模型以提高反演的精度。在反演方法原理方面，需要结合先验约束信息（可通过钻井、地震资料等获得）来提高反演的准确性。更重要的是，需明确反演密度界面与地质构造界面的对应关系，以正确评价反演结果。最后提出了密度界面反演方法将来的研究重点和发展方向：随着重力观测技术的快速发展以及研究目标的多样化，今后需研究适用于大区域或全球尺度的密度界面反演方法；随着地质目标勘探难度的增大，亦亟需研究符合构造特征的精细的单密度界面反演方法，并发展多层密度界面反演技术。

关键词: 重力, 密度界面, 反演, 空间域

Inversion of density interfaces using gravity data has traditionally been an important part of gravity research, and plays an increasingly important role in areas such as regional tectonic research and oil and gas exploration.The density interface inversion methods can be divided into the frequency domain and spatial domain methods according to different computing domains. The frequency domain inversion methods have been considered in previous literature. This paper briefly introduced the rationale and the advance of the direct iterative method, the ridge regression method and the regularization method,which are most studied and used among the spatial domain methods. The performance of the three methods showed that the inversion results of the direct iteration method and the ridge regression method are both the smooth shape density interfaces, while the regularization method can estimate the density interfaces of non-smooth morphology, and is convenient to add prior constraint information. The inversion results of density interface are greatly determined by the precision of potential field separation. The prior information should be used as constraints for gravity field separation as far as possible or the layer-by-layer separation technique could be adopted. The density contrast of the density interface also has noticeable impact on the inversion result. It is necessary to make full use of the rock density data to build a three-dimensional density contrast variation model that conforms to the tectonic features to improve the inversion accuracy.In terms of the theory of inversion method, it is also necessary to combine prior constraint information (which can be obtained through drilling and seismic data, etc.) to improve the accuracy of inversion.More importantly, it is necessary to define the corresponding relationship between the inverted density interface and the geological structure interface in order to evaluate the inversion results correctly.Finally, this paper discussed the developing trend and study emphasis for density interface inversion.The inversion methods that are suitable for large regional or global scale need to be studied with the rapid development of gravity observation technology and the diversification of research objectives. With the increasing difficulty of geological target exploration, it is also urgent to study the optimal single-density interface inversion method conforming to the tectonic features and develop the multi-layer density interface inversion method.

Key words: Gravity, Density interface, Inversion, Space domain.

中图分类号:

P631.1

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Review of Density Interface Inversion Method in Spatial Domain