地球科学进展 ›› 2015, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (3): 396 -406. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2015.03.0396

上一篇    

黑河流域近两千年人—水—生态演变研究进展
陆志翔 1, 2( ), 肖洪浪 1, 邹松兵 1, *( ), 任娟 1, 张志强 4   
  1. 1.中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所内陆河流域生态水文重点实验室/甘肃省黑河生态水文与流域科学重点实验室,甘肃兰州 730000
    2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
    3. Australia China Centre on Water Resources Research, the University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
    4.中国科学院兰州文献情报中心,甘肃兰州 730000
  • 出版日期:2015-04-08
  • 通讯作者: 邹松兵 E-mail:lzhxiang168@163.com;zousongbing@lzb.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“流域文化变迁与生态演化相互作用对流域水生态政策影响的机理研究”(编号:91125007);国家国际科技合作专项项目“变化环境下黄河与墨累达令流域水资源利用合作研究”(编号:2013DEG70990)资助

Advances in the Study on the Human-Water-Ecology Evolution in the Past Two Thousand Years in Heihe River Basin

Zhixiang Lu 1, 2( ), Honglang Xiao 1, Yongping Wei 3, Songbing Zou 1( ), Juan Ren 1, Zhiqiang Zhang 4   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Heihe Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology and Integrated River Basin Science, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
    2. University of the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
    3. The Australia China Centre on Water Resources Research, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
    4. Lanzhou Library, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • Online:2015-04-08 Published:2015-03-20

理解流域历史时期的人—水—生态演变过程和规律,对其当前和未来的管理规划极为重要。通过梳理近几十年来有关学者对西北干旱区典型内陆河流域——黑河流域过去2 000年的水环境、人类活动、生态环境演变及其耦合研究等方面的成果,发现单个方面的研究均已较为普遍和成熟,并且积累了大量的素材和数据,但是缺乏以流域为单元,从长时间尺度综合考虑人—水—生态相互作用,定量分析人—水—生态协同演化过程的研究成果。今后的研究,一是应当着重于数据挖掘方法的探索,对已有成果进一步挖掘并进行对比和校正,构建一套长时间序列的可靠的人类活动、水文和生态数据集;二是应当着重于动力学模型的构建,增加生态—水文系统与人类活动的互馈机制描述,刻画人—水—生态的协同演化过程,从而达到通过揭示流域过去2 000年的人—水—生态协同演化过程,为流域当前和未来的管理提供历史镜鉴,为国内外的其他类似流域提供参考。社会水文学的提出无疑将极大地促进流域人—水—生态演变研究的发展。

Understanding the evolution process and rule of the human-water-ecology is very important for the current and future river basin management and planning. This study briefly reviews the achievement obtained by many scholars for decades on the water environment, human activities and ecological environment and their coupling research in the past two thousand years in the Heihe River Basin, a typical inland river basin in arid region of northwest China, including the changes of the precipitation, temperature and runoff in historical period, the evolution process of the terminal lake, desertification process and oasis succession, social development, such as the changes of the population, alternation of agricultural and animal husbandry production, water allocation, water management. Although a lot of important progress has been made in the individual study and a lot of material and data have been accumulated, there are lack in full description of human-water-ecology co-evolution process and quantitative analysis of their interaction in long time scale at basin scale. In the future we should concentrate on two aspects, one is data mining method for producing a set of long time series reliable data about human, water and ecology by comparing and calibrating the exciting achievements and data; the other is constructing dynamical model for depicting the process of human-water-ecology co-evolution by adding mutual feedback mechanism between human activities and eco-hydrological system. It can light on river basin management in current and future and provide references for other basins both at home and abroad by revealing the human-water-ecology co-evolution process in the Heihe River Basin in the past two thousand years. Now the rise of socio-hydrology will greatly promote the development of the study of the human-water-ecology evolution in a basin.

中图分类号: 

表1 历史时期祁连山及周边地区降水变化
Table 1 The precipitation fluctuation in Qilian Mountains and surrounding areas in historical period
表2 历史时期祁连山及周边地区气温变化
Table 2 The temperature fluctuation in Qilian mountains and surrounding areas in historical period
研究区域 研究时段 温暖期 寒冷期 参考文献
青藏高原中东部 BC 484—AD 2000 AD 401—413、604—609、864—882、965—994、1970—2000 AD 348—366、686—705、1271—1296、1599—1702 [ 21 ]
青藏高原北部 AD 1129—2000 AD 1130—1150、1580—1620、1640—1720、1900—1990 AD 1210—1230、1260—1290、1310—1330、1360—1420、1440—1490、1510—1530、1760—1890 [ 22 ]
青藏高原 AD 0—2000 AD 800—1000、1150—1350 AD 250—500、1400—1850 [ 23 ]
青海都兰地区 AD 159—1993 AD 159—240、383—423、505—532、568—622、819—1086、1236—1256、1345—1421、1530—1590、1745—1774、1834—1863、1875—1993 AD 241—382、424—504、533—567、623—818、1087—1235、1257—1344、1422—1529、1591—1744、1775—1833、1864—1874 [ 24 , 25 ]
青海都兰地区 AD 0—2000 AD 0—230、810—1070、1880—2000 AD 240—800、1080—1870 [ 26 ]
敦德 AD 1400—1980 AD 1521—1570、1680—1770、1890—1980 AD 1420—1520、1570—1680、1770—1890 [ 27 ]
祁连山 AD 1059—1975 AD 1200—1260、1390—1440、1520—1620、1870—1930 AD 1060—1200、1260—1390、1440—1520、1620—1870、1930—1975 [ 28 ]
祁连山中部 AD 1000—2000 AD 1050—1150、1350—1440、1510—1580、1890—2000 AD 1000—1050、1150—1350、1440—1510、1580—1890 [ 30 ]
青海乌兰地区 AD 1013—2002 AD 1144—1264、1305—1361、1384—1479、1519—1591、1846—2002 AD 1013—1143、1265—1304、1362—1383、1480—1518、1592—1845 [ 31 ]
表3 黑河上游出山径流变化
Table 3 The runoff fluctuation in upstream of Heihe River Basin
表4 黑河流域尾闾湖演变过程
Table 4 The evolution of the terminal lakes in Heihe River Basin
表5 黑河流域社会发展过程
Table 5 The social development in Heihe River Basin
表6 黑河流域绿洲与沙漠化演变及其驱动因素
Table 6 The evolution of the oasis and desertification in Heihe River Basin and its driving factors
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