风成红黏土序列磁化率各向异性特征对区域应力变化的响应

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2014.03.0369

对六盘山以西132 m水洛红黏土剖面磁化率各向异性特征的研究表明,水洛红黏土剖面记录的14.8~8.7 Ma沉积序列受到了同沉积时期不同程度的应力作用,磁化率各向异性变化特征对应于应力作用强度较弱的初期和应力作用强度有所加强的中期。进一步分析发现,14.8~11.0 Ma之间显示出3次应力增强和后续应力减弱交替变化的特点,这一应力作用事件可能与青藏高原东北缘在此阶段强烈构造活动的区域应力传递相关,而11.0~8.7 Ma期间存在一个相对较强的应力作用事件,可能是对局部地区应力增强事件的响应。

关键词: 磁化率各向异性, 红黏土, 应力变化

The Aeolian sediment sequences from the Chinese Loess Plateau record abundant paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental information, while little is known about whether there were any stress effect during the sedimentary period. In terms of tracking stress variation, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility(AMS) has some particular advantages in comparison with other traditional methods. Systematic magnetostratigraphy, rock magnetism and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility analysis were carried out on Shuiluo Aeolian red clay profile, which is located at the western Liupan Mountain. In the field, there are not any obvious tectonic traces that can be observed, which indicates the primitive deposit, but AMS results have many distinct differences between Shuiluo aeolian red clay profile and other typical aeolian sediment sequences(loess/paleosol, red clay). These differences mainly manifest from the following aspects. Firstly, abundant magnetic ellipsoid is located in the prolate area; Secondly, the stereonet projections of the κ_max and κ_min principle axes of AMS ellipsoids show that the κ_max axes are well grouped in an approximately east-west direction, while the κ_min shows a slight girdle in an approximately north-south direction; and in addition, the Pj-T diagram shows that the magnetic ellipsoid is being transition from oblate to prolate magnetic ellipsoid. These characteristics listed above suggested that Shuiluo red clay profile had gone through a weakly stress effect, and comparing with previous research we infer that these AMS characteristics be correspondent to the incipient deformation with a weaker stress intensity and the moderate deformation with a stronger stress intensity. After further classification, comparison and using a variety of analysis methods, we find that from 14.8 Ma to 11.0 Ma, the stress state is accompanied by three stress increase and decrease alternately, and these stress effects may correspond to the stress from the northwest Tibetan plateau. In about 11.0~8.7 Ma, AMS shows a strong stress effect, and almost all AMS ellipsoid is located in the prolate magnetic ellipsoid area. At the same time, the κ_minaxes shows a strong girdle in an approximately north-south direction and it should be in response to the stress increasing in the local area.

Key words: Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility, Red clay, Stress variation.

中图分类号:

P318

图1 黄土高原水洛剖面位置图(修改自文献[18])

Fig.1 Location of Shuiluo profile on the Chinese Loess Plateau(modified after reference[18])

图2 水洛红黏土剖面典型样品的磁化率( χ) 随温度( T)变化曲线黑线代表加热过程,灰线代表冷却过程

Fig.2 χ-T curves of the representative samples of Shuiluo red clay Black and gray lines refer to heating and cooling curves, respectively

图3 水洛红黏土剖面典型样品的等温剩磁(IRM) 获得曲线与反向场退磁曲线

Fig.3 IRM acquisition and demagnetization curves for the representative samples of Shuiluo red clay

图4 水洛红黏土典型样品热退磁过程特征剩磁方向的正交投影图和剩磁衰减图

Fig.4 Orthogonal projections of progressive thermal demagnetization and normalized intensity decay plots of Shuiluo red clay

图5 水洛剖面与庄浪钻孔磁化率 ^{[

18
]}对比及水洛剖面磁性地层序列与标准极性柱 ^{[

36
]}对比

Fig.5 Comparison magnetic susceptibility and magnetostratigraphy of Shuiluo profile with Zhuanglang core ^{[

18
]} and Geomagnetic Polarity Time Scale ^{[

36
]}

图6 水洛红黏土AMS参数综合图 (a)水洛红黏土AMS最大轴和最小轴的赤平投影图,最大轴由实心的小圆形表示,最小轴由实心的小三角形表示; (b)水洛红黏土AMS T与Pj的相关关系图; (c)水洛红黏土AMS F-L的Flinn图

Fig.6 The systhesis AMS parameters diagram of Shuiluo red clay (a)Stereographic projection diagram for the AMS data from Shuiluo red clay, circles and triangles represent κ_maxand κ_min; (b)Pj-T(corrected AMS degree versus AMS shape parameter) diagram for the AMS data from Shuiluo red clay; (c) The Flinn diagram of Lineation against Foliation of Shuiluo red clay

图7 水洛红黏土剖面AMS κ _m, Pj, T, Q, κ _min- Inc, κ _max- Inc随深度变化图

Fig.7 Mean magnetic susceptibility( κ _m), corrected AMS degree( Pj), AMS shape parameter( T) and the inclinations of the maximum( κ _max) and minimum( κ _min) principle axes of the AMS ellipsoids from Shuiluo red clay all shown as a function of height

图8 应力作用随深度变化图 (a)最小轴处于垂直位置的层段; (b)三轴磁化率随深度的变化趋势,不同的层段所对应的赤平投影图,图中红色小正方形指示最大轴、蓝色小圆点指示最小轴、绿色小三角指示中间轴,图中灰色区域指示的为理论上的垂直位置(κ_min-Inc>70°);轮廓线图,红线表示最大轴的轮廓、蓝线表示最小轴的轮廓、绿线表示中间轴的轮廓;趋势图,图中红色区域指示的为最大轴和最小轴相对集中的位置,绿色到蓝色的过渡指示的是最大轴和中间轴的展布方向;T与Pj的相关关系图,图中蓝色小圆点表示的是扁圆状(T>0)的椭球体形状,绿色小圆点表示的为长棒状(T<0)的椭球体形状; (c)最小轴偏离中心位置的层段

Fig.8 The stress variation with depth of Shuiluo red clay profile (a) The sections with the minimum principle axes(κ_min) perpendicular to the center position; (b)The three principle axes as a function of height, stereographic projection diagrams of different sections, the red squares, blue circles and green triangles represent κ_max,κ_int, κ_min, respectively, the gray circles marks the samples with κ_min-Inc>70°;contours diagram of κ_max(red line), κ_int(green line), κ_min(blue line);tendency diagram of κ_maxand κ_min, the red area represent the centralized locations of κ_max and κ_min, the transition from green to blue indicates the distribution direction of κ_max and κ_min;Pj-T(corrected AMS degree versus AMS shape parameter) diagram; (c)The sections with the minimum principle axes(κ_min) deviation from the center position

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Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility Response to the Regional Stress Variation in Aeolian Red Clay Sequence