成矿流体输运物理机制研究的关键难题与方法体系

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2004.03.0393

流体的物质来源，流体活化→迁移→聚集→沉淀过程的化学机理，流体输运与定位过程的物理机制，可视为构造-流体-成矿系统这一课题研究中的主要问题。相对于前两个基本方面的研究进展而言，流体的输运与定位过程的物理机制仍然是矿床学研究中一个重要难题。流体输运物理规律的研究方法主要包括定性分析、定量模拟和相似物理实验等。定性分析主要是对大量地质现象的高度概括和科学升华，分析结果表明成矿流体，尤其是多相热流体在给定三维动态形变场中的运移趋势及定位规律是成矿流体输运物理机制研究的关键问题；但由于逻辑推理和经验判断在定性研究中扮演了重要角色，定性研究的结果显得抽象和过于概略，不能详尽地阐明流体输运的物理过程。而定量模拟难以把握成矿期介质渗透率及成矿应力场的动态变化，使其与实际地质对象在物理性质上具有一定差距。物理实验虽能处理二维动态构造形变场中流体输运问题，但由于实验条件的限制，难以处理三维空间内流体运移问题。因而，上述 3种研究手段优势互补，它们的交错应用及结论间的相互对比与验证，将有望解决流体输运与定位过程物理机制研究中的重要问题。

关键词: 数值模拟, 物理实验, 流体输运

The major focuses in the domain of structure-fluid-metallogenism system include the origin of metallogenic marerials, the chemical mechanism of activation, transportation and precipitation of metallogenic elements and the physic process of geofluid’s transportation and locating. Comparing with the other two focuses, the process physic of the geofluid's movement bears more difficulty and questions for the researchers. The current methods for the study of physic process of the geofluid's movement mainly consist of qualitative analysis, numerical simulation and analogue experiment. Based on the generalization and reasoning of basic geological phenomena, qualitative analysis indicate that the key problem of geofluid's transportation process is the physic mechanism of transportation process of polyphase fluid in the 3D dynamical structural frame. Yet this key problem goes beyond the extent of the research ability of the qualitative analysis method. Because the numerical simulation method neglects the dynamical change of penetrability and stress field during metallogenic process, it is devoid of the similitude to the reality and failed to deal with the problem too. Although the analogue experiment can simulate the transportation process of polyphase fluid in the 2D dynamical structural frame, it can't carry out the 3D experiment because of the limitation of the experimental conditions. But in virtue of the mutual complementary advantages of the three methods, the colligated application of those methods can discover the physic mechanism of transportation process of polyphase fluid in the 3D dynamical structural frame.

Key words: Numerical simulation, Geofluid transportation, Analogue experiment.

中图分类号:

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摘要

THE KEY PROBLEM AND RESEARCHING METHODS OF THE TRANSPORTATION AND LOCATING PROCESSES OF METALLOGENIC FLUID