陕甘宁接壤区气候暖干化及其生态环境意义

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2003.01.0127

应用陕甘宁接壤区1951-2000年气温、降水及1956-2000年陕甘宁接壤区 7条主要河流径流量实测记录，在实地调研的基础上对气象数据和水文数据分析后得出结论，陕甘宁接壤区近年来气候呈现暖干化趋势，全区增温线性倾向值为 0．194℃／10 a，高于全球近百年的趋势（0．05℃／10 a），区内增温趋势强弱差异显著。陕甘宁接壤区气候变干表现在 2个方面：①年降水量减少；②地表径流量减少。降水线性倾向值平均为－1．0759 mm／a，地表径流总量1956-2000年减少速率为 0．4844 m³／a。陕甘宁接壤区生态环境在暖干化的气候背景下继续恶化，生态贫水化严重，水土流失加剧，沙漠扩大。

关键词: 生态环境, 气候暖干化, 陕甘宁接壤区

    Global climate warming is a truth in 20 century. The middle latitude area is sensitive to the climate change. Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border area is in the middle latitude area, including Yulin district and Yan'an district in Shannxi province, Xihaigu district in Ningxia province, Qingyang district in Gansu province. There is 13.8×10⁴km² and 1 002×10⁴population. The density of population there is 73 km², much more higher than that of the limit in similar area by the United Nations which is 20 km². Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border area is the hill and gully area in the middle of Loss Plateau where the climate is changeful and the soil erosion is the most serious and the ecological environment is the most fragile.
    Based on the atmospheric temperature and precipitation records of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border area from 1951 to 2000,made an on-the-spot investigation. Analyzed the temperature, precipitation and surface runoff records, reach the conclusion that the characteristics of climate change in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border area is becoming warmer and drier.
    The linear tendency of warming is 0.194℃/10a,higher than that of the global(0.05℃/10a) and lower than other place's in China. The maximum linear tendency of warming in Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border area is 0.87℃/10a in Dingbian country, it’s far higher than that of the Sanjiang plain which is the maximum in China. The lowest linear tendency of warming in Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border area is 0.0778℃/10a in Jingyuan country. The average value of linear tendency of warming in Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border area is 0.194℃/10a.
    Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border area is warming and drying displayed in two aspect, one is the diminution in precipitation, the other is reduction in surface runoff. The linear tendency of annual rainfall is different with district and the mean linear tendency of annual rainfall is -1.0759mm/a. In 50 years, the annual precipitation reduced 54 mm. The surface runoff reduced at the rate of 0.4844 m³/a from 1956 to 2000. 
    The ecological environment in Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border area is going aggravating under the change of climate. The main aggravation of ecological environment represented by ecological deficient of water resource, soil erosion intensify and extension of desertification.

Key words: Climate warmed and arid, Ecological environment, The Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border area.

中图分类号:

P467

[1] Wang Shaowu, Gong Daoyi.On debates concerning the global warming[J].Geographical Research, 2001, 20(2): 153-160. [王绍武,龚道溢. 对气候变暖问题争议的分析[J].地理研究,2001,20(2):153-160.]

[2] Xie NanJin. The researchon Change and Prediction of Drought Climate in Northwest China (Vol.1) [M]. Beijing:China Meteorological Press,2000. [谢南金.中国西北干旱气候变化与预测研究 (第一卷) [M].北京:气象出版社,2000.]

[3] IPCC Climate change[A]. In: Houghton J T,Meira Filho L G,Callender B A, et al, eds. The IPCC Sdentific Assessment[C]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1996.572.

[4] Zhao Zongci. Climatic change and prediction of future in China[A].In: National Academic Discussion Thesis Collecting of Climatic Change and Environmental Problems[C].Beijing: Science Press,1991. [赵宗慈.中国气候变化及对未来的预测[A].见：气候变化和环境问题全国学术讨论会论文汇编[C].北京: 科学出版社, 1991.]

[5] State Science and Technology Commission of China. Scientific and Technical Blue Book in China (1990,The fifth,Climate)[M]. Beijing: Scientific Technical Literature Press,1990. [国家科学技术委员会.中国科学技术蓝皮书(1990, 第5号, 气候) [M]. 北京:科学技术文献出版社,1990.]

[6] Yan Junping, Huang Chunchang, Chen Ying. Cross-centennial Global Environmental Problems and Behavior Counter-measure[M].Beijing: Science Press,1999. [延军平,黄春长,陈瑛. 跨世纪全球环境问题及行为对策[M].北京: 科学出版社,1999.]

[7] Ding Yihui, Dai Xiaosu. Temperature variation in China during the last 100 years[J]. Meteorological Monthly, 1994, 20(12):19-26. [丁一汇,戴晓苏.中国近百年来的温度变化[J].气象,1994,20(12):19-26.]

[8] Wang Shaowu.Diagnostic studies on the climate change and variability for the period of 1880-1990[J]. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 1994,52(3): 261-273. [王绍武.近百年气候变化与变率的诊断研究[J].气象学报,1994,52(3):261-273.]

[9] Chen Longxun, Zhu Wenqin, Wang Wen,et al. Studies on climate change in China in recent 45 years[J]. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 1998, 56(3):257-271.[陈隆勋,朱文琴,王文,等.中国近45年来气候变化的研究[J].气象学报,1998,56(3):257-271.]

[10] Liu Yanhua. Preliminary discussion on fragile environment study[A]. In: Zhao GuiJiu, Liu Yanhua, Zhao Mingcha, eds. Technological Study of Environment Renovation and Resumes (Vol. 1) [C]. Beijing: Science and Technology Press,1993.1-10. [刘燕华. 脆弱生态环境研究初探[A].见：赵桂久,刘燕华,赵名茶主编. 生态环境综合整治与恢复技术研究 (第一集) [C]. 北京:科学技术出版社,1993.1-10.]

[11] Zhao Mingcha. Study on database and digital model of supporting system of fragile environment[A]. In:Zhao GuiJiu, Liu Yanhua, Zhao Mingcha, eds. Technological Study of Environment Renovation and Resumes (Vol.1) [C]. Beijing: Science and Technology Press,1993.18-30. [赵名茶. 脆弱生态环境决策支持系统数据库及数学模型的探讨[A].见：赵桂久,刘燕华,赵名茶主编.生态环境综合整治与恢复技术研究 (第一集) [C]. 北京:科学技术出版社,1993.18-30.]

[12] Shen Yuancun, Zhang Yongtao. Discussionon formation of fragile environment and regional differerntiation in China[A]. In:Zhao GuiJiu, Liu Yanhua, Zhao Mingcha, eds. Technological Study of Environment Renovation and Resumes (Vol. 1) [C].Beijing: Science and Technology Press,1993.38-45. [申元村,张永涛. 我国脆弱生态环境形成演变原因及其区域分异探讨[A]. 赵桂久,刘燕华,赵名茶主编.生态环境综合整治与恢复技术研究 (第一集) [C]. 北京:科学技术出版社,1993.38-45.]

[13] Yang qinye. Critical environmental situation and it's compiling[A].In: Zhao GuiJiu, Liu Yanhua, Zhao Mingcha, eds.Technological Study of Environment Renovation and Resumes (Vol.1) [C].Beijing: Science and Technology Press,1993.55-60. [杨勤业. 环境脆弱形势及其制图[A].见：赵桂久,刘燕华,赵名茶主编. 生态环境综合整治与恢复技术研究 (第一集) [C]. 北京:科学技术出版社,1993.55-60.]

[14] Leng Shuying. Study on fragile environment in the Ordos plateau[A]. In:Zhao GuiJiu, Liu Yanhua, Zhao Mingcha, eds.Technological Study of Environment Renovation and Resumes(Vol.1) [C].Beijing: Science and technology press,1993.71-80. [冷疏影. 鄂尔多斯脆弱生态环境特征及类型[A].见：赵桂久,刘燕华,赵名茶主编. 生态环境综合整治与恢复技术研究(第一集) [C]. 北京:科学技术出版社,1993.71-80.]

[15] Cui Haiting,Zhang Jianping. Analysis of ecological vulnerability on the watershed of western Liao River[A]. In:Zhao GuiJiu, Liu Yanhua, Zhao Mingcha, eds. Technological Study of Environment Renovation and Resumes(Vol. 1) [C]. Beijing: Science and Technology Press,1993.119-125. [崔海亭,张建平. 西辽河流域生态脆弱度分析[A].见：赵桂久,刘燕华,赵名茶主编.生态环境综合整治与恢复技术研究 (第一集) [C]. 北京:科学技术出版社,1993.119-125.]

[16] Liu Yanhua,Li Xiubin. Fragile Ecological Environment and Sustainable Development[M].Beijing: Commercial Press,2001. [刘燕华,李秀彬. 脆弱生态环境与可持续发展[M]. 北京:商务印书馆. 2001.]

[17] Commentator of People's Daily. Accelerate Managesing and Gives a New Lease of Life to the Beautiful Mountains and Rivers in the Desertificated Area[N]. People'sDaily,2002-06-17(1). [人民日报评论员.加快荒漠治理再造秀美山川[N].人民日报,2002-06-17(1).]

[18] Qin Dahe, Ding Yihui, Wang Shaowu, et al. Ecological and environmental change in weat China and it's response strategt[J]. Advance in Earth Sciences, 2002, 17(3): 314-319. [秦大河,丁一汇,王绍武,等.中国西部生态环境变化与对策建议[J]. 地球科学进展, 2002, 17(3): 314-319.]

[19] Sun Honglie.The primary task and strategy of ecological construction in west China[J]. Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, 2002 ,21(1): 3-6.[孙鸿烈. 西部生态建设的主要任务及战略措施[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报, 2002,21(1): 3-6.]

[20] Li Shikui. Discussion of demarcation line between agriculture and animal husbandry area in half arid climate of North China[A]. In:China Research Association of Natural Resources. Natural Resources Study of Arid and Half Arid District in North China[C].Beijing:Science Press,1988.108-124. [李世奎. 中国北部半干旱地区农牧气候界限探讨[A].见：中国自然资源研究会编.中国干旱半干旱地区自然资源研究[C].北京：科学出版社, 1988.108-124.]

[1]	范小杉. 国际社会对生态系统服务研究误区的研讨综述[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(6): 616-624.
[2]	李强, 蒲俊兵, 黄妮, 杜红梅, 祁向坤, 王力, 杨慧. 断陷盆地生态环境地质分异及石漠化演变机理的研究途径[J]. 地球科学进展, 2017, 32(9): 899-907.
[3]	张虎才. 滇池构造漏水隐患及水安全[J]. 地球科学进展, 2016, 31(8): 849-857.
[4]	黄小平, 张景平, 江志坚. 人类活动引起的营养物质输入对海湾生态环境的影响机理与调控原理[J]. 地球科学进展, 2015, 30(9): 961-969.
[5]	邓振镛，张强，王润元，赵鸿，徐金芳，刘明春，赵红岩，姚玉璧. 农作物主要病虫害对甘肃气候暖干化的响应及应对技术的研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2012, 27(11): 1281-1287.
[6]	符娟林,乔标. 基于模糊物元的城市化生态预警模型及应用[J]. 地球科学进展, 2008, 23(9): 990-995.
[7]	周俊,邓伟,刘伟龙. 沟渠湿地的水文和生态环境效应研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2008, 23(10): 1079-1083.
[8]	马乐宽,李天宏,刘国彬. 基于水土保持的流域生态环境需水研究[J]. 地球科学进展, 2008, 23(10): 1102-1110.
[9]	王宝鉴,宋连春,张强,黄玉霞,杨选雄,韩兰英. 石羊河流域水资源对气候变暖的响应及对生态环境的影响[J]. 地球科学进展, 2007, 22(7): 730-737.
[10]	史培军,王静爱,冯文利,叶涛,葛怡,陈婧,刘婧. 中国土地利用/覆盖变化的生态环境安全响应与调控[J]. 地球科学进展, 2006, 21(2): 111-119.
[11]	张济世,康尔泗,赵爱芬,蓝永超;陈仁升. 黑河中游水土资源开发利用现状及水资源生态环境安全分析[J]. 地球科学进展, 2003, 18(2): 207-213.
[12]	匡耀求,黄宁生,吴志峰,胡振宇,孙波,刘承帅. 大地热流对中国西部环境与生态演变的影响及其研究意义[J]. 地球科学进展, 2003, 18(1): 22-029.
[13]	潘晓玲,马映军,顾峰雪. 中国西部干旱区生态环境演变与调控研究进展与展望[J]. 地球科学进展, 2003, 18(1): 50-057.
[14]	王思远，张增祥，赵晓丽，周全斌. 遥感与GIS技术支持下的湖北省生态环境综合分析[J]. 地球科学进展, 2002, 17(3): 426-431.
[15]	高会旺，张英娟，张凯. 大气污染物向海洋的输入及其生态环境效应[J]. 地球科学进展, 2002, 17(3): 326-330.

阅读次数

全文

摘要

STUDY ON THE TENDENCY OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND IT'S EFFECT ON ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT IN THE SHANNXI-GANSU-NINGXIA BORDER AREA