地球科学进展 ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (7): 749 -760. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2026.055   cstr: 32269.14.adearth.CN62-1091/P.2026.055.

研究论文 上一篇    下一篇

公益林质量评估与政策检验及补偿类型智能识别
苏晨辉1(), 姜镓伟2, 肖智丹2, 罗勇1, 徐期瑚1, 赵少华3, 莫登奎4, 熊育久2,5()   
  1. 1.广东省林业调查规划院,广东 广州 510520
    2.中山大学 土木工程学院,广东 珠海 519082
    3.生态环境部卫星环境应用中心/国家环境保护卫星遥感重点实验室,北京 100094
    4.中南林业科技大学 林学院,湖南 长沙 410004
    5.中山大学 广东省华南地区水安全调控工程技术研究中心,广东 广州 510275
  • 收稿日期:2026-04-26 修回日期:2026-06-01 出版日期:2026-07-10
  • 通讯作者: 熊育久 E-mail:583803243@qq.com;xiongyuj@mail.sysu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    广东省林业科技创新项目(2024KJCX008);国家自然科学基金面上项目(42571401)

Quality Assessment of Public Welfare Forests, Rationality Verification of Policies, and Intelligent Identification of Compensation Types

Chenhui Su1(), Jiawei Jiang2, Zhidan Xiao2, Yong Luo1, Qihu Xu1, Shaohua Zhao3, Dengkui Mo4, Yujiu Xiong2,5()   

  1. 1.Guangdong Forestry Survey and Planning Institute, Guangzhou 510520, China
    2.School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai Guangdong 519082, China
    3.Satellite Application Center for Ecology and Environment/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Satellite Remote Sensing, Beijing 100094, China
    4.College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
    5.Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Water Security Regulation and Control for Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
  • Received:2026-04-26 Revised:2026-06-01 Online:2026-07-10 Published:2026-09-23
  • Contact: Yujiu Xiong E-mail:583803243@qq.com;xiongyuj@mail.sysu.edu.cn
  • About author:Su Chenhui, research areas include forest resources monitoring and assessment. E-mail: 583803243@qq.com
  • Supported by:
    the Technology Innovation Program from Forestry Administration of Guangdong Province(2024KJCX008);The National Natural Science Foundation of China(42571401)

公益林质量评估与差异化生态补偿政策制定长期依赖地面抽样调查,但抽样调查难以客观、及时地反映大尺度森林质量动态变化,导致基于静态数据划定的补偿类型与生态实际存在错配风险。针对2024年广东省实施的公益林差异化生态补偿政策,利用政策实施前的多源遥感数据,构建公益林质量等级指数,评估2023年生态本底,借助公益林边界等先验知识,将数值连续的质量等级指数值转化为离散补偿类型,与政策划定的补偿类型进行空间匹配分析,识别错位区域。进而设计全连接神经网络模型,探索不依赖先验政策边界、仅基于连续遥感特征复现政策分类规则的智能识别方法。结果表明:①基于公益林质量等级指数的评价显示,广东省公益林质量以中等为主(面积占比72.9%),空间异质性显著;②公益林质量等级指数与政策补偿类型的总体空间匹配度为82%,在“特殊区域基础性补偿”类别内部,约20%的面积被划分为“一般区域激励性补偿”,揭示政策区划与实际森林质量之间存在部分脱节;③以林龄、郁闭度、蓄积量、生物量、碳汇量、树高、坡度、坡向8项遥感指标驱动的全连接神经网络模型,对“一般区域下的基础性与激励性补偿”的复现精度均超过90%,表明生态主导的分类规则可被自动学习;④模型对政策驱动主导的“特殊区域激励性补偿”复现精度较低(60%~78%),暗示纯生态特征驱动模型的局限。构建的方法为大尺度公益林质量动态评估、差异化补偿政策合理性检验及智能识别提供了方法学参考。

The assessment of public welfare forests quality and the formulation of differentiated ecological compensation policies have long relied on ground-based sampling surveys. However, such surveys are unable to objectively and timely capture the dynamic changes in forest quality over large scales, leading to a risk of mismatch between compensation types delineated from static data and actual ecological conditions. To address this issue, a methodology was developed using multi-source remote sensing data acquired before the implementation of a differentiated ecological compensation policy in Guangdong Province, China (2024), which classifies public welfare forests into four types: basic and incentive compensations under general zones and special zones, respectively. A Quality Rating Index (QRI) for public welfare forests was constructed to assess the ecological baseline of the year 2023. With the aid of prior knowledge (i.e., public welfare forests boundaries and compensation labels), the continuous QRI values were converted into discrete compensation types, and a spatial matching analysis was conducted between the QRI-based types and the policy‑defined types to identify mismatched areas. Furthermore, a Fully Connected Neural Network (FCNN) model was designed to explore an intelligent identification approach that can replicate policy classification rules based solely on continuous remote sensing features, without relying on prior policy boundaries. The results show that: ① the QRI-based evaluation reveals that the quality of public welfare forests in Guangdong was predominantly moderate (accounting for 73% of the area), with significant spatial heterogeneity. ② the overall spatial matching rate between QRI results and policy-defined compensation types was 82%. Within the “basic compensation in special zones” category, about 20% of the area was mapped as “incentive compensation in general zones”, indicating a partial disconnect between policy zoning and actual forest quality. ③ driven by eight remote sensing indicators (stand age, canopy density, stock volume, biomass, carbon sequestration, tree height, slope, and aspect), the FCNN model achieved a reproduction accuracy exceeding 90% for the general‑zone compensation types (both basic and incentive), demonstrating that ecologically dominated classification rules can be automatically learned. ④ the model’s reproduction accuracy for the policy‑driven “incentive compensation in special zones” was relatively low (60%~78%), revealing the limitation of purely eco‑feature‑driven models. The proposed framework provides a methodological reference for large-scale dynamic assessment of public welfare forests quality, rationality verification of differentiated compensation policies, and intelligent recognition of compensation types.

中图分类号: 

图1 广东省公益林4种生态补偿类型空间分布
Fig. 1 Spatial distribution of four ecological compensation types for public welfare forests in the Guangdong Province
表1 本文采用的多源遥感数据基本信息
Table 1 Basic information for multi-source remote sensing data used in this study
表2 公益林质量等级指数(QRI)模型中5指标与7指标体系的构成及专家权重
Table 2 Composition and expert weights of the 5-indicator and 7-indicator systems for the Quality Rating IndexQRImodel
图2 基于全连接神经网络(FCNN)的公益林生态补偿类型识别模型
Fig. 2 Identification model for ecological compensation types of public welfare forests using a Fully Connected Neural NetworkFCNN
表3 全连接神经网络(FCNN)模型输入特征配置与渐进式替换实验方案
Table 3 Input feature configuration and progressive replacement experiment design of the Fully Connected Neural NetworkFCNNmodel
图3 基于多源遥感数据的广东省森林质量等级指数(QRI)空间分布
Fig. 3 Spatial distribution of the forest Quality Rating IndexQRIin Guangdong Province based on multi-source remote sensing data
图4 基于质量等级指数(QRI)与公益林边界的4种生态补偿类型空间格局
Fig. 4 Spatial pattern of four ecological compensation types based on Quality Rating IndexQRIand public welfare forests boundaries
表4 公益林质量等级指数(QRI)模型中各指标的Pearson相关系数矩阵(5个指标同时具有有效数据的图斑数量, n=1 360 280
Table 4 Pearson correlation coefficient matrix of indicators in the Quality Rating IndexQRImodelpatches with valid data for all five indicatorsn=1 360 280
图5 5指标与7指标体系计算的公益林质量等级指数(QRI)差异对比
(a)散点图;(b)箱型图;***表示p < 0.001。
Fig. 5 Comparison of Quality Rating IndexQRIdifferences calculated based on 7-indicator and 5-indicator systems
(a) Scatter plot; (b) Box plot; *** indicates p < 0.001.
图6 等权和非等权计算的公益林质量等级指数(QRI)差异对比
(a)5指标;(b)7指标;***表示P < 0.001。
Fig. 6 Comparison of Quality Rating IndexQRIdifferences using equal and non-equal weights under the same indicator system
(a) 5-indicator; (b) 7-indicator; *** indicates P < 0.001.
表5 同时采用8项遥感指标情景下的机器学习模型分类混淆矩阵 (%)
Table 5 Confusion matrix of the machine learning model under the simultaneous replacement of eight remote sensing indicators
表6 单一替换情景下特殊区域激励性图斑识别最优时的机器学习模型分类混淆矩阵 (%)
Table 6 Confusion matrix of the machine learning model under the optimal single-replacement scenario for identifying special-zone incentive patches
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