地球科学进展 ›› 2024, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (1): 12 -22. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2023.073

综述与评述 上一篇    下一篇

藻类或成为新的 N2O源和汇
孙军 1 , 2 , 3( ), 谷挺 1 , 2, 贾岱 3, 付阳 1 , 2   
  1. 1.中国地质大学(武汉)生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430074
    2.广州南沙地大 滨海研究院,广东 广州 511462
    3.天津科技大学印度洋生态系统研究中心,天津 300457
  • 收稿日期:2023-08-15 修回日期:2023-11-19 出版日期:2024-01-10
  • 通讯作者: 孙军 E-mail:phytoplankton@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(41876134);教育部长江学者奖励计划(T2014253);生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室基金项目(GKZ22Y656)

Algae as a New Source or Sink of Nitrous Oxide

Jun SUN 1 , 2 , 3( ), Ting GU 1 , 2, Dai JIA 3, Yang FU 1 , 2   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
    2.Institute for Advanced Marine Research CUG, Guangzhou 511462, China
    3.Research Centre for Indian Ocean Ecosystem, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
  • Received:2023-08-15 Revised:2023-11-19 Online:2024-01-10 Published:2024-01-26
  • Contact: Jun SUN E-mail:phytoplankton@163.com
  • About author:SUN Jun, Professor, research areas include biological oceanography, marine environment and ecology research. E-mail: phytoplankton@163.com
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41876134);Changjiang Scholar Program of Chinese Ministry of Education(T2014253);JS. State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences(GKZ22Y656)

氧化亚氮(N2O)是一种重要的温室气体,对臭氧层具有破坏作用。在微藻培养过程中以及富营养化湖泊等以微藻为基础的生态系统中,已经观察到N2O的排放。然而,对于藻类中N2O收支平衡的重要作用以及潜在的藻类N2O产生途径却鲜有报道。综述了近年来藻类排放和吸收N2O的相关研究,主要内容包括藻类与N2O关系研究的发展历程、N2O在藻类体内产生和消耗的几种可能途径、藻类微环境对N2O分布格局的影响及其潜在的对全球气候变化的影响。鉴于政府间气候变化专门委员会目前没有考虑藻类水华或藻类养殖期间可能产生N2O排放,呼吁在全球范围内加强藻类N2O生产相关的实验研究,为全面理清藻类在N2O排放和吸收中的重要作用,全面评估水生生态系统温室气体排放提供支撑。

N2O is an important greenhouse gas that also damages the ozone layer. N2O emissions have been observed during microalgae cultivation and in microalgae-based ecosystems, such as eutrophic lakes. However, little has been reported on the important role of the N2O balance in algae and the potential algal N2O production pathways. A review of recent relevant studies on N2O synthesis and fixation by algae shows that the studies mainly focus on the relationship between algae and N2O emissions, several possible pathways of N2O production and consumption in algae, the influence of the algal microenvironment on the distribution pattern of N2O, and the potential impacts on global climate change. However, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change currently does not consider the possible N2O emissions during algal blooms or algal aquaculture; hence, it is necessary to intensify experimental studies related to algal N2O production globally to take important steps towards a comprehensive clarification of the important roles of algae in N2O emission and fixation and a comprehensive assessment of greenhouse gas emissions from aquatic ecosystems.

中图分类号: 

图1 海洋N2O生成的主要生物和非生物过程
Fig. 1 Major biotic and abiotic processes of marine N2O production
表1 自然环境中藻类参与 N2O排放的相关研究
Table 1 Related studies on the algal involvement in N 2O emissions in natural environment
表2 微藻培养过程中的藻类种类和 N2O通量之间关系的相关研究
Table 2 Study on the relationship between algae species and N 2O fluxes during microalgae cultivation
藻种门类 藻种名称 培养体系 N2O排放通量 参考文献
绿藻门 Chlorella vulgaris 实验室培养 109~1 480 nmol/(h·g DW) 10
光生物反应器 563~4 134 nmol/(h·g DW) 10
光生物反应器 9.60~38 000 nmol/(m2·h) 30
跑道池 2~5 685 nmol/(h·g DW) 24
C. rubescens 实验室培养 1 200~2 500 nmol/(h·g DW) 8
C. variabilis 实验室培养 300 μmol/(L·h) 31
Coelastrum sp. 实验室培养 560~1 100 nmol/(h·g DW) 8
Chlorococcum vacuolarum 实验室培养 150~290 nmol/(h·g DW) 8
Neochloris sp. 光生物反应器 50~14 200 nmol/(m2·h) 30
Scenedesmus dimorphus 实验室培养 6~73 nmol/(h·g DW) 32
S. obliquus 实验室培养 0~1 000 nmol/(h·g DW) 8
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 实验室培养 7.5~74 nmol/(h·g DW) 33
实验室培养 54 μmol/(L·h) 31
Coccomyxa subellipsoidea 实验室培养 225 μmol/(L·h) 31
Tetraselmis subcordiformi 实验室培养 188 μmol/(L·h) 31
真眼点藻纲 Nannochloropsis oculata 实验室培养 0.98 nmol/(L·h) 34
硅藻门 Skeletonema marinoi 实验室培养 0.039~0.31 nmol/(L·agg) 35
Thalassiosira weissflogii 实验室培养 0.087~0.3 nmol/(L·h) 36
Staurosira sp. 跑道池 -212.5~316.7 nmol/(m2·h) 23
蓝藻门 Aphanocapsa 6308 实验室培养 0~1 500 nmol/(h·g DW) 9
Aphanocapsa 6714 实验室培养 0~5 700 nmol/(h·g DW) 9
Nostoc sp. 实验室培养 0~1 500 nmol/(h·g DW) 9
Microcystis aeruginosa 实验室培养 0~198.9 nmol/(h·g DW) 37
图2 藻类产生N2O的可能途径
NR:硝酸盐还原酶; NIR:亚硝酸盐还原酶; AOX/COX:交替氧化酶和细胞色素c氧化酶; GS-GOAT:谷氨酰胺合成酶/谷氨酸合成酶
Fig. 2 Possible pathways for algae to produce N2O
NR: Nitrate Reductase; NIR: Nitrite Reductase; AOX/COX: Alternative Oxidase and Cytochrome c Oxidase; GS-GOAT: Glutamine Synthetase-Glutamate Synthase
图3 海洋中硅藻聚合体的无机氮代谢的概念模型
浅绿色和浅蓝色区域分别代表聚合体内部的有氧区和缺氧区;绿色和黑色的形状分别代表硅藻和细菌细胞;裂解的硅藻细胞有虚线的轮廓;黑色箭头表示溶质的运输,而红色箭头表示N 2O转运。 有氧呼吸, 硅藻的硝酸盐储存和/或同化过程, 异化硝酸盐还原过程, 硝化过程, 硅藻的DNRA过程, 裂解硅藻的硝酸盐泄漏
Fig. 3 A conceptual model of inorganic nitrogen metabolism of diatom aggregates in the ocean
The light gray and light orange areas represent the aerobic and hypoxic areas inside the polymer, respectively. The green and black shapes represent diatoms and bacterial cells, respectively. The lysed diatom cells have a dashed outline. The black arrow indicates the transport of solute, and the red arrow indicates the turnover of N 2O. Aerobic respiration, Diatom nitrate storage and/or assimilation process, Dissimilated nitrate reduction process, Nitrification process, Diatom DNRA process, Nitrate leakage by lysing diatoms
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