地球科学进展

地球科学进展 ›› 2017, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (11): 1183 -1192. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2017.11.1183

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阿姆河右岸区块气藏酸气的成因与分布影响因素
李琦( ), 徐亮, 匡冬琴   
  1. 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所,岩土力学与工程国家重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430071
  • 收稿日期:2017-08-31 修回日期:2017-10-23 出版日期:2017-11-10
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目“酸气—咸水作用下岩石特异性破坏机理研究”(编号: 41274111);中国科学院百人计划择优支持项目“酸气回注”(编号: O931061C01)资助

Origin and Distribution Factors of Sour Gases in Natural Gas Reservoirs in the Amu Darya Right Bank Block, Turkmenistan

Qi Li( ), Liang Xu, Dongqin Kuang   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
  • Received:2017-08-31 Revised:2017-10-23 Online:2017-11-10 Published:2018-01-10
  • About author:

    First author:Li Qi (1972-), male, Qingzhou City, Shandong Province, Professor. Research areas include carbon dioxide geological utilization and storage, acid gas injection.E-mail:qli@whrsm.ac.cn

  • Supported by:
    Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China “Failure mechanism of rock under acid gas and saline water interaction” (No.41274111);The Hundred Talent Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences “Acid gas injection” (No.O931061C01)
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土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸区块气藏属于酸性气藏,气体碳同位素组成特征显示,该研究区块的二氧化碳(CO2)属于无机成因;而烃源岩、储层、有机质镜质体反射率、酸性气体含量等资料显示,研究区的硫化氢(H2S)为硫酸盐热化学还原反应的产物。通过对常规酸性气体分布影响因素的分析,包括构造、断裂、盖层质量、沉积相、储层类型、埋深、岩相、硫源等进行归纳可以得出,影响研究区酸性气体分布的因素主要有:土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸区块的基底断裂有利于CO2分布;盖层质量越好,越有利于CO2富集;生物堤礁带、点礁和逆掩断裂带的气藏具有中等CO2含量;上侏罗统基末利—提塘阶膏盐岩是形成H2S的重要硫源,但不是充分条件,中—下侏罗统海滨相碎屑岩作为研究区主力烃源岩是H2S气藏的主要硫源,中—上侏罗统卡洛夫—牛津阶碳酸盐岩和上侏罗统基末利—提塘阶巨厚膏岩层有利于H2S保存;溶解态SO2-4源影响H2S分布;构造、断裂导致H2S分布更为复杂;研究区孔隙(洞)型储层与H2S分布具有良好的相关关系;研究区H2S多分布在地温高于100 ℃的地层中;开阔台地深水沉积相不利于H2S形成,点礁和逆掩断裂带属于低H2S含量带,生物堤礁带属于中—高H2S含量带。通过研究区的同位素、沉积相、岩性、温度、断裂分布等因素的全面分析,初步提出了其CO2和H2S的成因,且较为全面地讨论了酸气分布的影响因素,并指出为确定更细致的酸性气体成因和分布因素仍需进行必要的后续研究工作。

关键词: 土库曼斯坦, 阿姆河右岸区块, 酸性气体, 二氧化碳, 硫化氢

Through the analysis of original carbon isotopes in the blocks on the right bank of the Amu Darya River, Turkmenistan, it can be firstly concluded that the carbon dioxide (CO2) in the sour gas reservoirs belongs to the inorganic-origin gas. The origin of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the Amu Darya Right Bank Block is thermochemical sulfate reduction from the detailed analysis of hydrocarbon source rocks data, reservoir characteristics, vitrinite reflectance of organic matter, and sour gas content. Then, the factors affecting the distribution of sour gases in the Amu Darya Right Bank Block were investigated by the analysis of conventional sour gas distribution factors including geological structure, fracture and fault, caprock integrity, sedimentary facies, reservoir types, lithofacies, the source of sulfur and so on. The following basic findings were achieved: ① The basement rift in the study area is conductive to the distribution of CO2. The caprock integrity contributes to the concentration of CO2. The gas reservoirs in the biological dike reefs, patch reefs and overthrust zones usually have medium CO2 content. ② The geological structure and fracture caused the complexity of the distribution of H2S. The gypsum-salt rock in upper Jurassic-Tithonian is an important sulphur source, and the main hydrocarbon source rocks are also the major sulfur source of H2S gas reservoirs. Furthermore, the giant gypsum layers in the middle-upper Jurassic Callovian-Oxfordian and the upper Jurassic-Tithonian are conductive to preservation of H2S, and the small openings and holes in the reservoir is also correlative to the distribution of H2S. ③ The H2S in the study area is mostly distributed in the formations with the geothermal temperature of higher than 100 ℃. The open platform deep-water sedimentary facies are harmful to the formation of H2S. The patch reef and overthrust zones belong to the belts of low H2S content, however, the biological dike reef zones belong to the belts of medium-high H2S content. However, the origin and distribution factors of sour gases in natural gas reservoirs were obtained. At the same time, it was pointed out that more necessary and accurately quantitative research is still needed to determine the origin and distribution of acid gases in the Amu Darya Right Bank Block, Turkmenistan.

Key words: Turkmenistan, Amu Darya Right Bank Block, Sour gas, Carbon dioxide, Hydrogen sulfide.

中图分类号: 

图1 阿姆河右岸酸性气藏研究区
Fig.1 The study area of sour gas reservoirs in the right bank of Amu Darya River
表1 各种含碳物质的δ 13C值
Table 1 The δ 13C values of various carbon-bearing matters
碳的类型 含碳物质 δ13C/% 碳的类型 含碳物质 δ13C/%
有机碳 中国原油 -23.50~-34.57 无机碳 金刚石 -2.00~-9.00
中国煤 -21.54~-30.80 海洋无机碳 -1.00~+2.00
中国泥岩干酪根 -19.38~-39.86 淡水溶解的无机碳 -5.00~-11.00
中国碳酸盐岩干酪根 -24.34~-35.04 白云岩 -2.29~+2.66
陆地和淡水植物及动物 平均-25.50 海洋灰岩 -9.00~+6.00
海生有机物
(包括浮游动植物)		 -9.00~-22.00 非海相碳酸盐岩 -3.00~-8.00
表2 萨曼杰佩气田卡洛夫—牛津阶碳酸盐岩碳同位素数据统计表
Table 2 Distribution of carbon isotope of different Callovian-Oxfordian carbonate rocks in the Samandepe gas field
碳酸盐岩分类 样品数 δ13C/‰ 与储层关系
分布范围 平均值
微晶灰岩 15 2.8~5.3 4.3 不利于储层发育
颗粒灰岩 14 3.8~6.0 4.3 非常有利于储层发育
礁灰岩 8 3.8~4.4 4.0 最有利于储层发育
灰质粉晶白云岩 7 3.3~4.5 4.0 不大利于储层发育
晶粒白云岩 2 4.8~4.9 4.9 有利于储层发育
方解石晶体 5 3.8~4.2 4.0
图2 阿姆河右岸上侏罗统烃源岩有机质镜质体成熟度( R O)频率的分布图
Fig.2 Distribution chart of hydrocarbon rocks vitrinite maturity in the upper Jurassic in the right bank of Amu Darya River
图3 各气田H 2S和CO 2含量的关系图
Fig.3 Relation ship chart of H 2S and CO 2 content of gas reservoirs
表3 阿姆河右岸A区气田天然气组成组分含量表(单位:%)
Table 3 Nature gas components content (%) in the A zone of the right bank of Amu Darya River
气田名称 C1 C2 C3 i-C4 n-C4 C5 CO2 N2 He H2S
Kish气田 92.85 3.20 0.68 0.19 0 0.19 2.67 0 0 0.22
Sam气田 88.19 3.78 0.32 0.11 0.08 0.21 3.59 0.69 0.04 2.09
Met气田 88.99 1.39 0.19 0.09 0 0.04 0.04 0.70 0 3.80
Yash气田 85.41 2.83 1.61 0.27 0.65 3.24 3.24 0.80 0 1.89
表4 研究区断裂特征
Table 4 Fracture characteristics of the study area
断裂 断开层位 断层性质 断层走向
盐上断裂 上侏罗统基末利阶顶—第四系 走滑断层为主,部分为逆断层 北西向(走滑断层),北东向(逆断层)
盐下断裂 基底—上侏罗系基末利阶底 逆断层为主,局部为反转断层 北东向为主
基底断裂 基底—中下侏罗统 正断层 北西向为主
图4 萨满杰佩气藏Sam53-1井沉积演化及碳氧同位素曲线
Fig.4 Sedimentary evolution and the C and O isotopic stratigraphic curve of well Sam53-1 in Samandepe gas field
表5 不同类型储层物性表
Table 5 Physical properties of different types of reservoirs
储层类型 井号 地层系数
/(mD·m)		 渗透率
/mD		 孔隙度
/%		 表皮系数
/(m3/MPa)		 裂缝半长/m H2S含量
/(102m3/d)
第一类 A-1 1 130 13.51 10 12.39 - 0.37
A-2 1 030 17.1 9.5 -1.8 - 0.295
第二类 A-3 104 081 4 875 - 330 - 0.0021
A-4 218 260 728 5 11 - 0.0067
第三类 A-5 176 4.06 8 -5.7 73.7 0.05
A-6 10.75 0.19 7.5 -5.3 48.7 0.01
第四类 A-7 41 3.11 6 -8.41 - 0.076
第五类 A-8 0.028 0.0036 4.5 -2.14 - 0.0035
A-9 0.48 0.028 5 -0.48 - 0.02
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