山地冰川消融过程中汞的行为及环境效应综述

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2017.06.0589

地球科学进展 ›› 2017, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (6): 589 -598. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2017.06.0589

所属专题：青藏高原研究——青藏科考；

山地冰川消融过程中汞的行为及环境效应综述

孙学军 ^1, ⁴(

), 康世昌 ^2, ³, 张强弓 ^1, ^3, ^*(

), 丛志远 ^1, ³

1.中国科学院青藏高原研究所青藏高原地表过程与环境变化重点实验室,北京 100101
2.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州 730000
3.中国科学院青藏高原地球科学卓越创新中心,北京 100101
4.中国科学院大学,北京 100049

收稿日期:2017-01-13 修回日期:2017-04-28 出版日期:2017-06-20
通讯作者: 张强弓 E-mail:sunxuejun@itpcas.ac.cn;qianggong.zhang@itpcas.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目“青藏高原典型山地冰川融水径流中汞的迁移过程及环境效应”(编号:41671074);国家自然科学基金重点项目“南亚大气污染物跨境传输及其对青藏高原冰冻圈环境的影响”(编号:41630754)资助

Behavior and Environmental Effects of Mercury Relevant to the Melt of Alpine Glacier:A Review

Xuejun Sun ^1, ⁴( ), Shichang Kang ^2, ³, Qianggong Zhang ^1, ^3, ^*( ), Zhiyuan Cong ^1, ³

1.Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
3.Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
4.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2017-01-13 Revised:2017-04-28 Online:2017-06-20 Published:2017-06-10
Contact: Qianggong Zhang E-mail:sunxuejun@itpcas.ac.cn;qianggong.zhang@itpcas.ac.cn
About author:
First author:Sun Xuejun(1990-), male, Binzhou City, Shandong Province, Master student. Research areas include environmental geochemistry inland Tibetan Plateau.E-mail:sunxuejun@itpcas.ac.cn
Supported by:
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China “Transportation of mercury in glacier meltwater runoff and its environmental effects in typical glacierized basins in the Tibetan Plateau” (No.41671074);The National Natural Science Foundation of China “Trans-boundary atmospheric pollutants from South Asia and their impacts on the cryospheric environments in the Tibetan Plateau”(No.41630754)

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汞是一种全球性污染物,雪冰是冰冻圈汞的生物地球化学循环中最主要的介质之一,汞在雪冰消融过程中的行为受到众多学者关注。除两极地区外,高海拔地区分布着大量山地冰川,其对气候响应更加敏感,距离人类居住区更近,可直接影响水资源和水质安全等。因此,研究山地冰川消融过程中汞的行为及环境效应对全面理解汞的生物地球化学具有显著的科学价值,同时对指导人类适应气候环境变化也具有很强的实际意义。概述了山地冰川区汞的沉降与贮存,总结了雪冰消融过程中汞的迁移转化以及冰川径流汞传输的特征,认为山地冰川消融是潜在的汞释放源,汞在冰川径流补给生态系统中的归宿和生态环境效应值得关注。最后,对山地冰川消融释汞过程和冰川径流汞传输研究的热点问题进行了展望。

关键词: 汞, 山地冰川, 消融, 冰川径流, 环境效应

Mercury (Hg) is a global pollutant. As one of the significant cryospheric environmental matrix, snow-ice plays a unique role in Hg biogeochemical cycling, which has drawn a wide attention of scientists. Besides polar regions, a large aggregate of glaciers are distributed in the high elevation of mid-high latitude areas. These alpine glaciers are proximate to human residence and are sensitive to the climate change, which would readily impact the human society, water resource security and water quality. Consequently, investigating the behavior and environmental effects of Hg relevant to the melt of alpine glaciers represents significant scientific and social importance. The deposition and storage of Hg in alpine glacier areas were outlined and the removal characteristics and transformation of Hg during glacier melt process and transport of Hg in glacier-fed river were summarized. Based on this study, we suggested that glacier be one of the potential sources of Hg to the downstream areas. Moreover, it was worth concerning the fate and environmental effects of Hg in the ecosystem fed by the glacier runoff. Eventually, we proposed prospects of the process of Hg release during glacier melt and the hot issues of Hg transport in glacier runoff.

Key words: Mercury, Alpine glacier, Ablation, Glacier runoff, Environmental effect.

中图分类号:

P343.6

图1 气候变暖背景下冰川消融释汞过程简图(据参考文献[22]修改)

Fig.1 The process of Hg release from glacier melting under the context of global warming (modified after reference[22])

图2 青藏高原扎当冰川流域“冰川—径流”汞传输过程(据参考文献[48]修改)

Fig.2 An example of transport process of mercury from glacier to runoff in the Zhadang Glacier Basin in the Tibetan Plateau(modified after reference [48])

图3 2011年格陵兰岛东北部 Zackenberg河汞输送量影响因素简图(据参考文献[15]修改)

Fig.3 The impact factors of Hg discharge in Zackenberg River in Northeast Greenland on 2011 (modified after reference[15])

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