北大西洋中脊海底多金属硫化物资源预测

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2015.01.0060

海底热液多金属硫化物是继大洋铁锰结核和富钴结壳之后发现的又一巨大具有开发远景的海底矿产资源, 具有巨大的潜在经济价值和良好的开发前景。通过综合分析国内外海底矿产资源特征, 总结海底多金属硫化物资源的找矿标志, 初步建立了海底多金属硫化物资源的描述性找矿模型, 并开展了北大西洋中脊海底多金属硫化物资源预测工作。证据权预测结果表明海底多金属硫化物的分布与水深地形、地球物理、海底扩张速率、沉积物厚度、海底火山地震等标志有很大的关系。预测结果与已有热液点具有较好的叠合度, 预测方法、预测模型具有可信度及可操作性, 对海底多金属硫化物资源调查和评价具有重要的指导意义。

关键词: 海底热液, 找矿标志, 找矿模型, 证据权法

Seafloor polymetallic sulphides are a huge development prospect of seabed mineral resources after the discovery of the Fe-Mn nodules and Cobalt-rich crusts. Seafloor polymetallic sulphides are produced by seafloor hydrothermal activities, which are high rich in copper, lead, zinc, gold and silver and other metals. Seafloor polymetallic sulphides mainly distribute in the mid-ocean ridge areas which have huge potential economic value and good development prospect. Currently, the main research focuses on the distribution of seafloor hydrothermal, mineralization mechanism, formation mechanism, environmental effect and so on, and the study and prediction of regional sulfide resources at this stage have almost not been carried out. Base on the information collection of the domestic and foreign researches of seabed mineral resources and comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of seabed mineral resources, the seafloor polymetallic sulfides resources ore-controlling factors and prospecting criteria were summarized, and a seafloor polymetallic sulphides descriptive resource prospecting model was initially established. The North Atlantic ridge area was chosen as the first stage to make a study to carry out the seafloor polymetallic sulfides resource forecasting. The predicted results of the weights of evidence method showed that there was a great relationship between the distribution of seafloor polymetallic sulfides resources and the indicators such as the depth of seabed topography, geophysical features, seafloor spreading rate, sediment thickness, submarine volcano seismics. The predicted results had a good superimposed effect with the existing hydrothermal point. Forecasting methods and model are credible and operational. The work of sulfide resource prediction and evaluation has a good guidance.

Key words: Seafloor hydrothermal, Prospecting indicator, Prospecting model, Weights of evidence method.

中图分类号:

P736.3

图1 热液循环模式示意图 ^{[

18
]}

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of hydrothermal circulation model ^{[

18
]}

表1 海底多金属硫化物资源描述性找矿模型

Table 1 descriptive model of Seafloor polymetallic sulfide resources

找矿信息类别	找矿标志	变量类型描述
地形找矿信息	水深条件	有利水深范围
	坡度条件	有利坡度
	海底火山	火山口
地质找矿信息	岩体条件	有利岩性
		有利岩体
		岩性组合
	构造条件	区域构造条件
		构造影响区域
		断裂交汇部位
		构造对称特征
地球物理找矿信息	重磁异常分析	布格重力异常
		剩余重力异常
		磁异常
		研究区重力异常
	重磁综合分析	磁重比值异常
其他找矿信息	水体信息	温度、气体异常
	火山地震活动	火山地震分析
	沉积物厚度	沉积物厚度分析
	大洋扩张速率	扩张速率分析

表1 海底多金属硫化物资源描述性找矿模型

Table 1 descriptive model of Seafloor polymetallic sulfide resources

找矿信息类别	找矿标志	变量类型描述
地形找矿信息	水深条件	有利水深范围
	坡度条件	有利坡度
	海底火山	火山口
地质找矿信息	岩体条件	有利岩性
		有利岩体
		岩性组合
	构造条件	区域构造条件
		构造影响区域
		断裂交汇部位
		构造对称特征
地球物理找矿信息	重磁异常分析	布格重力异常
		剩余重力异常
		磁异常
		研究区重力异常
	重磁综合分析	磁重比值异常
其他找矿信息	水体信息	温度、气体异常
	火山地震活动	火山地震分析
	沉积物厚度	沉积物厚度分析
	大洋扩张速率	扩张速率分析

图2 研究区

Fig.2 The study area

表2 研究区找矿预测模型

Table 2 Prospecting prediction model of the study area

示矿信息	成矿预测因子	特征值
地形条件	水深条件	有利水深范围（m）[2 200, 3 700]
地形条件	坡度条件	有利坡度[8°, 25°]
地质找矿信息	断裂推断区域	断裂500m缓冲
	构造有利发育部位	优益度[1.84, 5.98]
	构造发育程度	等密度[0.6, 1.48]
	构造对称特征	中心对称度[0.27, 0.6]
地球物理找矿信息	重磁成矿有利分析	布格重力异常有利区间[8.4, 25.5][42.5, 50.8, ]
		剩余重力异常有利区间[-1, 0.7]
		磁力异常有利区间[-3.6, 14.2]
		磁重比值异常区间[0.2, 0.8]
其他找矿信息	火山地震密度	火山地震密度区间[6, 8]

表2 研究区找矿预测模型

Table 2 Prospecting prediction model of the study area

示矿信息	成矿预测因子	特征值
地形条件	水深条件	有利水深范围（m）[2 200, 3 700]
地形条件	坡度条件	有利坡度[8°, 25°]
地质找矿信息	断裂推断区域	断裂500m缓冲
	构造有利发育部位	优益度[1.84, 5.98]
	构造发育程度	等密度[0.6, 1.48]
	构造对称特征	中心对称度[0.27, 0.6]
地球物理找矿信息	重磁成矿有利分析	布格重力异常有利区间[8.4, 25.5][42.5, 50.8, ]
		剩余重力异常有利区间[-1, 0.7]
		磁力异常有利区间[-3.6, 14.2]
		磁重比值异常区间[0.2, 0.8]
其他找矿信息	火山地震密度	火山地震密度区间[6, 8]

表3 预测因子权值表

Table 3 Predictors of weight table

证据因子类型	证据因子	正权重值（W+）	负权重值（W-）	综合权值
地形条件	水深2200-3700	0.664989	-1.054135	1.719124
构造条件	断裂500米缓冲	0.589466	-1	1.589466
	优益度异常区	0.36803	-0.215654	0.583684
	中心对称度异常区	1.713827	-0.545121	2.258948
	等密度异常区	1.429943	-0.438562	1.868505
地球物理条件	布格重力异常区	2.06501	-1.502461	3.567471
	磁力异常区	1.856928	-0.622873	2.479801
	重磁比异常区	0.0389	-0.221428	0.260328
其它条件	地震点密度异常	0.723442	-0.554596	1.278038

表3 预测因子权值表

Table 3 Predictors of weight table

证据因子类型	证据因子	正权重值（W+）	负权重值（W-）	综合权值
地形条件	水深2200-3700	0.664989	-1.054135	1.719124
构造条件	断裂500米缓冲	0.589466	-1	1.589466
	优益度异常区	0.36803	-0.215654	0.583684
	中心对称度异常区	1.713827	-0.545121	2.258948
	等密度异常区	1.429943	-0.438562	1.868505
地球物理条件	布格重力异常区	2.06501	-1.502461	3.567471
	磁力异常区	1.856928	-0.622873	2.479801
	重磁比异常区	0.0389	-0.221428	0.260328
其它条件	地震点密度异常	0.723442	-0.554596	1.278038

图3 后验概率及预测远景区

Fig.3 The posterior probability and forecast prospects

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摘要

Prediction of Seafloors Polymetallic Sulphides Resources in the North Atlantic Ridge Area