新生代东亚地形、水系与生物地理演变——第三届地球系统科学大会拾翠

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2014.11.1280

新生代期间, 亚洲及周边地区地球深部过程与地表环境发生了一系列重大变革。印度板块—欧亚板块碰撞和太平洋板块俯冲驱动下的构造—地貌过程, 导致青藏高原隆升、亚洲东部岩石圈伸展减薄、西太平洋边缘海扩张, 并最终塑造了现今的宏观地形地貌和水系格局。这一系列构造地貌过程与新生代全球气候变冷、西风环流与亚洲季风环流重组、生物地理演变之间存在紧密的关联, 成为地球科学领域重大前沿与热点课题, 是开展地球深部与浅表过程、地球表层各圈层之间相互作用研究的重要切入点。

关键词: 新生代, 亚洲, 构造—地貌, 生物地理

Drastic changes in the deep Earth processes and paleoenvironments on the surface occurred in Asia and surrounding regions during the Cenozoic. Driven by India-Asia collision and Pacific plate subduction, the Tibet Plateau region in the west gained its high elevation, whereas lithosphere in east China lost its thickness, and West Pacific margin seas opened, all of which led to the establishment of the present-day topography and drainage pattern. These tectonic-geomorphic processes interplayed with global cooling, re-organization of northern westerlies, Asian monsoon regime and biogeography in this region, which have become the frontier topics in earth sciences.

Key words: Cenozoic, Asia, Tectonicgeomorphology, Biogeography.

中图分类号:

图1 亚洲地形格局(a)和600 km地震层析成像(b), 显示宏观地形地貌与地球深部过程的对应关系(修改自文献14)

Fig.1 Surface topography of Asia (upper) and tomographic image at 600 km depth (bottom)(modified from reference 14)

图2 亚洲地形地貌与水系分布图

Fig. 2. Topography and drainage of Asia

图3 披毛犀的起源、迁徙和分布(修改自文献[ 37 ]) (a) 西藏披毛犀的头骨和上、下颊齿;(b) 披毛犀在欧亚大陆的演化历史

Fig.3 Origin, dispersal and distribution of woolly rhino (modified from reference[ 37 ]) (a) Dorsal view of the skull (upper), occlusal view of upper cheek teeth(middle), and occlusal view of lower cheek teeth (lower) of the new woolly rhino; (b) Evolution of woolly rhino in Eurasia

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摘要

Evolution of Topography, Drainage and Biogeography in East Asia during the Cenozoic: Summary of the Third Conference on Earth System Science