早期碰撞造山过程与板块构造：前寒武纪地质研究的机遇和挑战

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2006.08.0843

普遍认为修正后的板块构造模式仍适用于新太古代地质研究，但是早期板块构造过程与后期有明显差异，包括陆块规模、造山带类型、碰撞造山过程等。典型碰撞造山带在地史上的初次形成具有划时代的构造演化意义，涉及典型板块构造初始发生过程、最早超级大陆拼合、威尔逊旋回及板块碰撞造山过程等方面。华北中部保留一条近南北向的碰撞造山带（2 600~2 500 Ma BP），保留特征的巨型复式褶皱、不同层次推覆构造、蛇绿岩混杂带等。围绕华北中部造山带及其25亿年重大构造热事件的研究，对认识华北早期构造演化及其超大陆再造具有重要意义，也是早期板块构造研究的关键突破口之一，开展其不同地壳层次构造变形及其前陆盆地的研究，将深化早期板块边界及其造山过程的科学认识。

关键词: 构造热事件, 华北, 板块构造, 超大陆, 碰撞作用造山带

One of the important issues for the current geological research focuses on when the plate tectonic process began. It is generally believed that modified plate tectonic model can be used to Neoarchean geological time. However, there is significant difference between the early Precambrian and modern plate tectonics, such as size of continental block, type of orogen and collisional orogenic process, etc. The initial occurrence of classical collisional orogenic belts in the history of the earth has important implication for tectonic evolution, which involved the onset of plate tectonics, the occurrence of the first supercontinent, Wilson cycle and collisional orogeny. The study of early collisional orogenic belts will provide a relatively comprehensive understanding of Archean plate tectonics.
In the central part of North China craton (NCC) basement, a north-to-south trending collisional orogenic belt（2600~2500 Ma） has been identified, which preserved distinct composite fold of supracrustal sequences, thrust-fold structures of different crustal levels, ophiolitic mélanges. It is suggested here the 2. 50 Ga tectonothermal episodes associated with the Orogenic Belt provide an important constraint for the early Precambrian tectonic evolution of North China. Its correlation with other orogenic belts of the world has important implication for the reconstruction of the NCC within the early supercontinents or supercraton. So, the study of collisonal orogenic belt is one of the most important target topics for early Precambrian plate tectonics. The investigation on the vertical variation of structural patterns with foreland fold-thrust belt and foreland basins will provide insight to understanding of early plate tectonic boundary-related orogenic process.

Key words: Tectonothermal episodes, Collision, North China., Supercontinent, Plate tectonics, Orogenic belt

中图分类号:

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摘要

The Early Precambrian Collisional Orogenic Process and Plate Tectonics: Chance and Challenge of Precambrian Geology