高分辨率古环境指示器——湖泊纹泥研究综述

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.1999.02.0172

作为高分辨率古环境指示器,湖泊纹泥在重建晚第四纪特别是近代全球环境变化中具有特殊的地位和意义。纹泥携带的各种季节信息反映了区域生物学、地球化学、沉积学对季节性驱动力的响应,而且纹泥本身可以提供反映沉积环境和气候变化的精确计年,近30年来湖泊纹泥应用研究发展历史表明,纹泥的应用主要集中于以下三个方面:纹泥计年、纹泥厚度变化和纹泥沉积物分析,其中纹泥提供的精确测年是一切应用的基础。可以看出,在古环境研究中,纹泥作为一个高分辨率指标,它的应用已从单纯的测年控制,逐渐深入到对纹泥层偶本身携带的信息的研究。采用多学科交叉、多指标综合进行系统研究是未来纹泥应用的主要方向。

关键词: 湖泊纹泥, 高分辨率指标, 纹泥计年, 古环境

Varved lacustrine sediments are high-resolution archives of paleoenvirnmental conditions.They are generally regarded as a potential source for understanding how the past variability may be effected by climatic forcing and/or non-climatic factors in late Quaternary,especially in the past 2 000 years.Theymay provide some of the longest and most useful records of past interannual to decadal-scale climatic variability.The regional biological,geochemical and sedimentological responses tothe seasonal climatic changes are genuinelyrecorded in varved sediments.Most importantof all,varves can provide an absolute chronology based on calendaryears and information about processes in the lake and the catchment area.
The applications of varved lacustrine sediements could be categorized into tree types,i.e.absolute dating obtained and applications;varve thickness fluctuations and correlationwith climatic factors;analysis on the content of the sediment in the varves and synthetic interpetation.With few exceptions,the definite chronology obtained through varve counting provieds a bound basis for further research.In former times,varveswere merely used as effective though controversial tool for its absolute dating.During the last 30 years,the information stores in the couplets has been increasingly notified.With the development of freeze coring aswell as the advancing of analytical techniques,more and more interpretationswith interannual to decadal-scale resolutions have been obtained.It is anticipated thatvarve studies in amore systematicwaywill be favored.

Key words: Varved Lake sediments, High-resolution proxy, Varve chronology, Paleoenvironment.

中图分类号:

P531

〔1〕Kemp A E S.Palaeoclimatology and palaeoceanography from laminated sediments.Geological Society Special Publication,No 116,1996.
〔2〕Mitchell JM,Jr.An overviewof clmatic variability and its casualmech-anisms.Quat Res,1976,6:481~493.
〔3〕Anderson R Y,Dean W E.Lacustrine varve formation through time.Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol,1988,62:215~235.
〔4〕Ludlam S D.Fayetteville Green Lake,NewYork,USA,Ⅶ:varve chronology and sediment focusing.Chem Geo,1984,44:85~100.
〔5〕Thunell R,Pride C,Tappa E,et al.Varve formation in the gulf of California: insights from time series sediment trap sampling and remote sensing.Quat Sci Rev,1993,12:451~464.
〔6〕Dickman M D.A possible varving mechanism for meromictic lakes.Quat Res,1979,11:113~124.
〔7〕Stromberg B.The Swedish varve chronology. In:Ehlers J ed.Glacial deposits in north-west Europe. Rotterdam:A A Balkema,1983.97~106.
〔8〕Boygle J.The Swedish varve chronology-a review.Prog Phys Geog,1993,17(1):1~19.
〔9〕Anderson R Y,Nuhfer F B,Dean W E.Sedimentation in a blast-zone lake Mounnt St.Helens,Washington-implications for varve fromation.Geology,1985,13:348~352;
〔10〕O Sullivan P E.Annually-laminated lake sediments and the study of quaternary environment changes-a review.Quat Sci Rev,1983,1(4):245~313.
〔11〕Bradbury J P,Dean WE.ElkLake:evidence for rapid climate change in the North-Central United States.Boulder,Colorado,Geological Society of America Specical Paper 276,1993.
〔12〕Jones P D,Bradley R S,Jouzel J.Climatic variations and forcing mechanisms of the last 2000 years.Berlin:Spinger-Verlag,1996.
〔13〕Larson C P S,MacDonald G M.Lake morphometry,sediment mixing and the selection of sites for fime resolution paleoecological studies.Quat Sci Rev,1993,12:781~791.
〔14〕Dosloges J R.Varve deposition and the sediment yield record at three lakes of the Southern Canadian Cordillera.Arctic and Alpine Research,1994,26(2):130~140.
〔15〕Swain A M.Environmental changes during the past 2 000 years in North-central Wisconsin:analysis of pollen,charcoal,and seeds from varved lake sediments.Quat Res,1978,10:55~68.
〔16〕Ludlam S D.Fayetteville Green Lake,New York,Ⅲ:the laminated sediments.Limnol Oceanogr,1969,14(6):848~857.
〔17〕Anderson N J,Korsman T,Renberg I.Spatial heterogeneity of diatom straigraphy in varved and non-varved sediments of a small,boreal-forest lake.Aquatic Sciences,1994,56(1):40~58.
〔18〕Anderson RY,Koopmans IH.Harmonic analysisof varve time series.J Geophys Res,1963,68(3):877~893.
〔19〕Itkonen A,SalonenV-P.The response of sedimentation in three varved lacustrine sequences to air temperature.preciptation and human impact.J Paleolimnol,1994,11:323~332.
〔20〕Simola HL K,Coard MS,O Sullivan P E.Annual laminations in the sediments of Loe Pool,Cornwall.Nature,1981,290:238~241.
〔21〕Lotter A F.Evidence for annual layering in Holocene sediments of Soppensee,Switzerland.Aquat Sci,1989,51(1):19~30.
〔22〕Zolitschka B.Absolute dating of late Quaternary lacustrine sediments by high resolution varve chronology.Hydrobiologia,1991,214:59~61.
〔23〕Kelts K,Hs¨u K J.Freshwater carbonate sedimentation.In:Leeman A ed.Lakes: chemistry, geology, phyics. New York: Springer-Verlag,1978.295~323.
〔24〕Wan G J,Santschi PH,SturmM,et al.Natural(210Pb,7Be)and fallout(137Cs,239Pu,240Pu,90Sr)radionuclides as geochemical tracers of sedimentation of sediment in Greifensee, Switzerland. Chem Geol,1987,63:181~196.
〔25〕Ostrem G,Olsen H C.Sedimentation in a glacier lake.Geografiska Annaler,1987,69A:123~138.
〔26〕Davidson G A.A modified tape-peel technique for preparing permanent qualitative microfossil slides.J Paleolimnol,1988,1:229~234.
〔27〕Clark J S.Stratigraphic charcoal analysis on petrographic thin section:application to fire history in Northwestern Minnesota. Quant Res,1988,30:81~91.
〔28〕Renberg I.Imroved methods for sampling,photographing and varvecounting of varved lake sediments.Borens,1981,10:255~258.
〔29〕Card VM.Varve-counting by the annual pattern of diatoms accumulated in the sediment of BigWatabLake,Minnesota,AD 1837~1990.Boreas,1997,26:103~112.
〔30〕Petterson G,Renberg I,Geladi P,et al.Spatial uniformity of sediment accumulation in varved lake sediments in Northern Sweden.J Paleolimnol,1993,9:195~208.
〔31〕Zolitschka B.Absolute dating of late Quaternary lacustrine sediments by high resolution varve chronology.Hydrobiologia,1991,214:59~61.
〔32〕Leonard E M.A varve-based calibration of the Bridge River tephra fall.Can J Earth Sci,1995,32:2 098~2 102.
〔33〕Oldfield F,Crooks P R J,Harkness,D D,et al.AMS radiocarbon dating of organic fractions from varved lake sediments:an empirical test of reliability.J Paleolimnol,1997,18:87~91.
〔34〕Leonard EM.Use of lacustrine sedimentary sequences as indicators of Holocene glacial history,Banff National Park,Alberts,Canada.Quat Res,1986,26:218~231.
〔35〕Bjorck S,Sandgren P,Holmquist B.A magnetostratigraphic comparison bbetween14C years and varve years during the late Weichselian,indicating significant differences between the time-scales.J Quat Sci,1987,2:133~140.
〔36〕Appleby P G,Oldfield F,Thompson R,et al.210Pb dating of annually laminated lake sediments from Finland.Nature,1979,280:53~56.
〔37〕Lotter A F·Absolute dating of the late-glacial period in Swetzerland using annually laminated sediments.Quat Res,1991,35:321~330.
〔38〕Lotter A F,SturmM,Wehrli B.Varve formation since 1885 and highresolution varve analyses in hypertrophic Baldeggersee(Switzerland).Aquatic Sciences,1997,59:304~325.
〔39〕Lotter A F.How long was the Younger Dryas? Preliminary evidence from annually laminated secdiments of Soppensee (Switzerland).Hydrobiologia,1991,214:53~57.
〔40〕Goslar T, Kuc T, Ralsks-Jasiewiczowa M,et al.High-resolution lacustrine record of the late glacial/Holocence transition in central Europe.Quat Sci Rev,1993,12:287~294.
〔41〕Hs¨u K J.Could global warming be a blessing for mankind? Terrestrial,Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences,1996,7(3):375~392.
〔42〕Pickrill R A,Irwin J.Sedimentation in a deep glacial-fed lake-Lake,Tekapo,New Zealand.Seimentology,1983,30:63~75.
〔43〕Reid I,Frostick L.Late Pleistocence rhyhmite sedimentation at the margin of the Dead Sea trough:a guide to paleofood frequency.In:McManus J,Duck R W, eds.Geomorphology and sedimentology of lakes and reservors.John Wiley&Sons,1993·259~273.
〔44〕Ludlam S D.Sedimentation rates in Fayetteville Green Lake,New York,USA.Sedimentology,1981,28:85~96.
〔45〕Dosloges J R, Gilbert R. The sedimentary record ofMoose Lake:implications for glacier activity in the Mount Robson area, British Columbia. Can J Eanth Sci,1995,32:65~78.
〔46〕Hardy D R,Bradley R S,Zolitchka B.The climatic signal in varved sediments from Lake C2,northern Ellesmere Island,canada.J Paleolimnol,1996,16:227~238.
〔47〕Lotter A F,Birks H J B.The separation of the influence of nutrients and climate on the varve time-series of Baldeggerseel(Switzerland).Aquatic Sciences,1997,59:362~373.
〔48〕Lamoureux S F,Bradley R S.A late Holocene varved sediment record of envirommental change from norther Ellesmere Island.Canada.J Paleolimnol,1996,16:239~255.
〔49〕Anderson RY.Possible connection between surfacewinds.solar activity and the Earth s magnetic field. Nature,1992,358:51~53.
〔50〕Gronlund EG.Sediment characteristics in relation to cultivation history in two varved lake sediments from East Finland.Hydrobiologia,1991,214:137~142.
〔51〕Farr KM,Jones DM,O Sullivan P E,et al.Paleolimnological studies of laminated sediments fromthe Shropshire-Cheshire meres.Hydrobiologia,1991,214:279~292.
〔52〕Dean WE,Bradbury J P,Anderson RY,et al.The variability of Horlocene change:evidence from varved lake sediments.Science,1984,13:13~28.
〔53〕Peglar S M,Fritz S C,Alapieti T,et al. Composition and formation of laminated sediments in Diss Mere,Norfolk,England.Boreas,1984,13:13~28.
〔54〕Schaller Y,Moor H C,Wehrli B.Sedimentary profiles of Fe,Mn,V,Cr,As and Mo as indicators of benthic redox condition in Baldeggersee.Aquatic Sciences,1997,59(4):345~361.
〔55〕Wehrli B,Lotter A F,Schaller T,et al.High-resolution varve studies in Baldeggersee(Switzerland):project overviewand limnological back-ground data.Aquatic Sciences,1997,59:285~294.

[1]	田少华,肖国桥,杨欢. GDGTs在黄土古环境重建中的研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(5): 465-477.
[2]	武雪超, 郝青振, Marković Slobodan B, 付玉, 娜米尔, 宋扬, 郭正堂. 多瑙河黄土与古环境研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(4): 363-377.
[3]	王宇航, 朱园园, 黄建东, 宋虎跃, 杜勇, 李哲. 海相碳酸盐岩稀土元素在古环境研究中的应用[J]. 地球科学进展, 2018, 33(9): 922-932.
[4]	刘江艳, 张昌民, 尹太举, 朱锐, 侯国伟. 涌潮沉积研究现状及进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2018, 33(1): 66-74.
[5]	王瑞, 余克服, 王英辉, 边立曾. 珊瑚礁的成岩作用[J]. 地球科学进展, 2017, 32(3): 221-233.
[6]	许子娟, 左昕昕, 范百龄, 丁新泉, 张晓东, 李子川, 闫翠香, 宋照亮. 植硅体圈闭碳地球化学研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2017, 32(2): 151-159.
[7]	胡玉, 陈建徽, 王海鹏, 吕飞亚, 魏国英. 基于摇蚊的古环境和古气候国内外研究进展与展望[J]. 地球科学进展, 2016, 31(8): 870-884.
[8]	焦念志, 张传伦, 谢树成, 刘纪化, 张飞. 古今结合论碳汇、见微知著识海洋 ^*[J]. 地球科学进展, 2014, 29(11): 1294-1297.
[9]	李仁成, 樊俊, 高崇辉. 植硅体现代过程研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2013, 28(12): 1287-1295.
[10]	袁子能，邢磊，张海龙，赵美训. 生物标志物稳定氢同位素研究进展及在海洋古环境重建中的应用[J]. 地球科学进展, 2012, 27(3): 276-283.
[11]	曾艳，陈敬安，朱正杰，李键. 湖泊沉积物Rb/Sr比值在古气候/古环境研究中的应用与展望[J]. 地球科学进展, 2011, 26(8): 805-810.
[12]	张杰,贾国东. 植物正构烷烃及其单体氢同位素在古环境研究中的应用[J]. 地球科学进展, 2009, 24(8): 874-881.
[13]	李建如. 有孔虫壳体的Mg/Ca比值在古环境研究中的应用[J]. 地球科学进展, 2005, 20(8): 815-822.
[14]	林田;郭志刚;杨作升. 类脂化合物单体碳稳定同位素在古气候环境研究中的意义[J]. 地球科学进展, 2005, 20(8): 910-915.
[15]	李玉梅. 最近2.5Ma黄土高原环境变化研究进展——来自洛川黄土地层的证据[J]. 地球科学进展, 2002, 17(1): 118-125.

阅读次数

全文

摘要

REVIEW ON THE HIGH-RESOLUTION VARVED LAKE SEDIMENTS AS A PROXY OF PALEOENVIRONMENT