地球科学进展 ›› 2005, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (8): 840 -848. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2005.08.0840

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城市景观格局动态及其规划的生态学探讨
宋治清 1,2,王仰麟 2   
  1. 1.中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京 100085;2.北京大学环境学院,北京 100871
  • 收稿日期:2004-11-02 修回日期:2005-04-25 出版日期:2005-08-25
  • 通讯作者: 宋治清
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目“GIS支持下的城市地域景观空间结构演变驱动力研究”(编号:40471002)资助.

THE DYNAMICS OF URBAN LANDSCAPE PATTERN AND ITS ECOLOGICAL IMPACT ON PLANNING

SONG Zhiqing 1,2;WANG Yanglin 2   

  1. 1.Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085,China;2.College of Environmental Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871, China
  • Received:2004-11-02 Revised:2005-04-25 Online:2005-08-25 Published:2005-08-25

城市作为人类的主要栖居地,其景观格局和生态效应直接影响到世界人口的生存质量。从景观生态学的视角出发,以国内外近年来关于城市景观格局动态及其生态效应的理论和实证研究为材料,整理并总结了城市景观格局的特征、研究方法和演变机制。在文献综述和具体案例分析的基础上,尝试性地提出城市景观格局动态的“类库兹涅茨曲线”现象,即在从城市化初期到城市发展相对成熟的一个周期内,景观破碎化程度呈现“快速增加—增速减缓—平稳下降”的过程,并探讨了这一规律的适用性和特征。在此基础上,进一步讨论了城市景观及其格局变化对生态环境的影响,指出在城市景观规划中充分结合生态学原理,是实现城市可持续发展的必经之路。

As urbanizing has taken place all over the world, urban has become the main habitation for most people. Therefore, the urban landscape and its impacts on the ecosystem are vital to the quality of urban living and sustainable development of human being. Based on the contemporary relevant literatures, this paper summarizes the characteristics of landscape dynamics in urban through the landscape ecology perspective, and comes out with an interesting conclusion that the track of landscape fragmentation dynamics has the alike characteristics with the Kuznets curve. It can be recognized that the changing process of landscape fragmentation goes through three stages according to the degree of urbanization development: increasing fast during the early period of urbanization, turning gently as the urban growing further, and tending to decrease when the urbanization steps to a mature phase. The authors investigate the reasons of this scene and make a brief comparison with the environmental Kuznets curve to reveal the essential differences between the two kinds of problems of spatial and non-spatial. In the latter part of the paper, the authors take a further step to discuss the impacts of changing landscape pattern on microclimate, hydrology and biodiversity,etc. Before come to the end with the propose of paying more attention to the urban landscape pattern transformation and its ecological and environmental impacts in seeking sustainable development.

中图分类号: 

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