生态水文学学科体系及学科发展战略

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2018.07.0665

地球科学进展 ›› 2018, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (7): 665 -674. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2018.07.0665

生态水文学与水安全下一篇

生态水文学学科体系及学科发展战略

夏军 ¹(

), 左其亭 ^2, ^*(

), 韩春辉 ²

1.水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,武汉大学,湖北武汉 430072
2.郑州大学水利与环境学院,河南郑州 450001

收稿日期:2017-11-27 修回日期:2018-03-20 出版日期:2018-07-20
通讯作者: 左其亭 E-mail:xiajun666@whu.edu.cn;zuoqt@zzu.edu.cn
基金资助:
*中国科学院学部学科发展战略研究项目“中国生态水文学学科发展战略”(编号:2017DXA)资助.

Disciplinary System and Development Strategy for Eco-hydrology

Jun Xia ¹( ), Qiting Zuo ^2, ^*( ), Chunhui Han ²

1.State Key Laboratory of Water Resources & Hydropower Engineering Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072,China;
2.School of Water Conservancy & Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;

Received:2017-11-27 Revised:2018-03-20 Online:2018-07-20 Published:2018-08-30
Contact: Qiting Zuo E-mail:xiajun666@whu.edu.cn;zuoqt@zzu.edu.cn
About author:
First author:Xia Jun(1954-), male, Xiaogan City, Hubei Province, Professor, Academician of Chinese Academy Sciences. Research areas include hydrology and water resources. E-mail:xiajun666@whu.edu.cn
Supported by:
Project supported by the Developmental Strategies of the Discipline of the Academic Divisions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences “Development strategy of Chinese eco-hydrology discipline”(No.2017DXA).

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生态水文学是一门新兴学科,构建完善的学科体系、制定未来发展战略,对推动生态水文学学科发展具有重要意义。通过查阅文献资料,系统梳理和阐述了生态水文学学科的发展历程,共划分为5个阶段,即生态水文学萌芽期(1970年左右至1986年)、术语提出与初步探索期(1987—1991年)、学科建立与初步发展期(1992—1995年)、学科快速发展期(1996—2007年)和学科完善期(2008年至今);基于对该学科发展历程的分析,提出了以“理论—方法—实践—分支学科”为框架的生态水文学学科体系;最后,从学科研究计划、重点研究项目、国家重大需求、学科建设和国际合作5个方面对生态水文学学科未来发展战略进行了展望,为促进和建立完善的生态水文学学科体系提供支撑。

关键词: 生态水文学, 生态学, 水文学, 学科体系, 学科发展战略

Eco-hydrology is a new discipline developed in recent decades. It is of great significance to accelerate and promote the development of eco-hydrology subject by constructing a perfect discipline system and formulating future development strategies. By reviewing a large number of literatures, this paper systematically combed and expounded the development and evolution of the eco-hydrology, which can be divided into five stages, the embryonic period of eco-hydrology (1970-1986), formulation terminology and the initial exploration period of eco-hydrology (1987-1991), discipline establishment and the initial development period of eco-hydrology (1992-1995), the rapid development period of eco-hydrology (1996-2007) and the improvement period of eco-hydrology (2008-present). Based on the analysis of the development of eco-hydrology, the disciplinary system of eco-hydrology was proposed as a framework of “theory-method-practice-branch discipline”. Finally, combined with the authors’ understanding, this paper put forward the development strategy system of the eco-hydrology, including the disciplinary research plan, the key research project, the country’s major demand, the discipline construction and the international cooperation, which will provide support for the promotion and establishment of a sound disciplinary system of eco-hydrology.

Key words: Eco-hydrology, Ecology, Hydrology, Disciplinary system, Disciplinary development strategy.

中图分类号:

表1 生态水文学各阶段发展历程

Table 1 The development of Eco-hydrology in various stages

时间	阶段特点	重要经历(或代表事件)
1970年左右至1986年	生态水文学萌芽期	国际水文十年计划(1965—1974);1970年Hynes出版《The Ecology of Running Water》;1971年人与生物圈计划(MAB)及1986年第一阶段会议;生态水力学、土壤水文学等的重要理论探索和发现等
1987—1991年	生态水文学术语提出与初步探索期	1987年Ingram使用“Ecohydrology”一词;1990年Pedroli等、1991年Bragg等围绕生态水文过程开展的研究;1988年UNESCO组织的国际研讨会;1991年荷兰景观生态协会(WLO)组织的水文生态预测方法会议等
1992—1995年	生态水文学学科建立与初步发展期	1992年联合国水和环境国际会议正式提出生态水文学概念;1993年Heathwaite编著的《Mires: Process, Exploitation and Conservation》;1995年Kloosterman和Gieske等对湿地生态系统的研究;1993年马雪华编著的《森林水文学》等
1996—2007年	生态水文学学科快速发展期	1996年Wassen等给出生态水文学的明确定义;ERB第6次研讨会; (UNESCO/IHP)-V(1996—2001)和 (UNESCO/IHP)-Ⅵ(2002—2007);1997年Zalewski、1999年Baird等和刘昌明、2001年Acreman、2002年Eagleson编著的生态水文学相关专集或著作;2001年创办《Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology》期刊;2000年成立的英国沃林福德生态与水文学研究中心;2005年组建UNECSO欧洲生态水文学中心;Hatton等、Rodriguez、王根绪等、Nuttle、夏军、Naiman等大量学者针对生态水文学不同领域进行的研究等
2008年至今	生态水文学学科完善期	(UNESCO/IHP)-Ⅶ(2008—2013)主题3和(UNESCO/IHP)-Ⅷ(2014—2021)主题5;2008年《Ecohydrology》期刊创刊和UNESCO海滨生态水文学中心成立;2008年Wood等、Harper等、2010年程国栋等、2012年杨胜天等编著的生态水文学相关专集或著作;2014年举办国际水文及应用生态大会;Ghimire等、Zalewski等开展的更深入研究等

表1 生态水文学各阶段发展历程

Table 1 The development of Eco-hydrology in various stages

时间	阶段特点	重要经历(或代表事件)
1970年左右至1986年	生态水文学萌芽期	国际水文十年计划(1965—1974);1970年Hynes出版《The Ecology of Running Water》;1971年人与生物圈计划(MAB)及1986年第一阶段会议;生态水力学、土壤水文学等的重要理论探索和发现等
1987—1991年	生态水文学术语提出与初步探索期	1987年Ingram使用“Ecohydrology”一词;1990年Pedroli等、1991年Bragg等围绕生态水文过程开展的研究;1988年UNESCO组织的国际研讨会;1991年荷兰景观生态协会(WLO)组织的水文生态预测方法会议等
1992—1995年	生态水文学学科建立与初步发展期	1992年联合国水和环境国际会议正式提出生态水文学概念;1993年Heathwaite编著的《Mires: Process, Exploitation and Conservation》;1995年Kloosterman和Gieske等对湿地生态系统的研究;1993年马雪华编著的《森林水文学》等
1996—2007年	生态水文学学科快速发展期	1996年Wassen等给出生态水文学的明确定义;ERB第6次研讨会; (UNESCO/IHP)-V(1996—2001)和 (UNESCO/IHP)-Ⅵ(2002—2007);1997年Zalewski、1999年Baird等和刘昌明、2001年Acreman、2002年Eagleson编著的生态水文学相关专集或著作;2001年创办《Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology》期刊;2000年成立的英国沃林福德生态与水文学研究中心;2005年组建UNECSO欧洲生态水文学中心;Hatton等、Rodriguez、王根绪等、Nuttle、夏军、Naiman等大量学者针对生态水文学不同领域进行的研究等
2008年至今	生态水文学学科完善期	(UNESCO/IHP)-Ⅶ(2008—2013)主题3和(UNESCO/IHP)-Ⅷ(2014—2021)主题5;2008年《Ecohydrology》期刊创刊和UNESCO海滨生态水文学中心成立;2008年Wood等、Harper等、2010年程国栋等、2012年杨胜天等编著的生态水文学相关专集或著作;2014年举办国际水文及应用生态大会;Ghimire等、Zalewski等开展的更深入研究等

表1 生态水文学各阶段发展历程

Table 1 The development of Eco-hydrology in various stages

时间	阶段特点	重要经历(或代表事件)
1970年左右至1986年	生态水文学萌芽期	国际水文十年计划(1965—1974);1970年Hynes出版《The Ecology of Running Water》;1971年人与生物圈计划(MAB)及1986年第一阶段会议;生态水力学、土壤水文学等的重要理论探索和发现等
1987—1991年	生态水文学术语提出与初步探索期	1987年Ingram使用“Ecohydrology”一词;1990年Pedroli等、1991年Bragg等围绕生态水文过程开展的研究;1988年UNESCO组织的国际研讨会;1991年荷兰景观生态协会(WLO)组织的水文生态预测方法会议等
1992—1995年	生态水文学学科建立与初步发展期	1992年联合国水和环境国际会议正式提出生态水文学概念;1993年Heathwaite编著的《Mires: Process, Exploitation and Conservation》;1995年Kloosterman和Gieske等对湿地生态系统的研究;1993年马雪华编著的《森林水文学》等
1996—2007年	生态水文学学科快速发展期	1996年Wassen等给出生态水文学的明确定义;ERB第6次研讨会; (UNESCO/IHP)-V(1996—2001)和 (UNESCO/IHP)-Ⅵ(2002—2007);1997年Zalewski、1999年Baird等和刘昌明、2001年Acreman、2002年Eagleson编著的生态水文学相关专集或著作;2001年创办《Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology》期刊;2000年成立的英国沃林福德生态与水文学研究中心;2005年组建UNECSO欧洲生态水文学中心;Hatton等、Rodriguez、王根绪等、Nuttle、夏军、Naiman等大量学者针对生态水文学不同领域进行的研究等
2008年至今	生态水文学学科完善期	(UNESCO/IHP)-Ⅶ(2008—2013)主题3和(UNESCO/IHP)-Ⅷ(2014—2021)主题5;2008年《Ecohydrology》期刊创刊和UNESCO海滨生态水文学中心成立;2008年Wood等、Harper等、2010年程国栋等、2012年杨胜天等编著的生态水文学相关专集或著作;2014年举办国际水文及应用生态大会;Ghimire等、Zalewski等开展的更深入研究等

表1 生态水文学各阶段发展历程

Table 1 The development of Eco-hydrology in various stages

时间	阶段特点	重要经历(或代表事件)
1970年左右至1986年	生态水文学萌芽期	国际水文十年计划(1965—1974);1970年Hynes出版《The Ecology of Running Water》;1971年人与生物圈计划(MAB)及1986年第一阶段会议;生态水力学、土壤水文学等的重要理论探索和发现等
1987—1991年	生态水文学术语提出与初步探索期	1987年Ingram使用“Ecohydrology”一词;1990年Pedroli等、1991年Bragg等围绕生态水文过程开展的研究;1988年UNESCO组织的国际研讨会;1991年荷兰景观生态协会(WLO)组织的水文生态预测方法会议等
1992—1995年	生态水文学学科建立与初步发展期	1992年联合国水和环境国际会议正式提出生态水文学概念;1993年Heathwaite编著的《Mires: Process, Exploitation and Conservation》;1995年Kloosterman和Gieske等对湿地生态系统的研究;1993年马雪华编著的《森林水文学》等
1996—2007年	生态水文学学科快速发展期	1996年Wassen等给出生态水文学的明确定义;ERB第6次研讨会; (UNESCO/IHP)-V(1996—2001)和 (UNESCO/IHP)-Ⅵ(2002—2007);1997年Zalewski、1999年Baird等和刘昌明、2001年Acreman、2002年Eagleson编著的生态水文学相关专集或著作;2001年创办《Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology》期刊;2000年成立的英国沃林福德生态与水文学研究中心;2005年组建UNECSO欧洲生态水文学中心;Hatton等、Rodriguez、王根绪等、Nuttle、夏军、Naiman等大量学者针对生态水文学不同领域进行的研究等
2008年至今	生态水文学学科完善期	(UNESCO/IHP)-Ⅶ(2008—2013)主题3和(UNESCO/IHP)-Ⅷ(2014—2021)主题5;2008年《Ecohydrology》期刊创刊和UNESCO海滨生态水文学中心成立;2008年Wood等、Harper等、2010年程国栋等、2012年杨胜天等编著的生态水文学相关专集或著作;2014年举办国际水文及应用生态大会;Ghimire等、Zalewski等开展的更深入研究等

图1 生态水文学学科体系框架

Fig.1 Disciplinary framework of Eco-hydrology

图1 生态水文学学科体系框架

Fig.1 Disciplinary framework of Eco-hydrology

图2 生态水文学学科发展战略框架

Fig.2 The development strategy system of Eco-hydrology

图2 生态水文学学科发展战略框架

Fig.2 The development strategy system of Eco-hydrology

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