地球科学进展 ›› 2013, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (9): 1007 -1014. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2013.09.1007

综述与评述 上一篇    下一篇

河口二氧化碳水—气交换研究进展
唐文魁 1,高全洲 1,2*   
  1. 1.中山大学地理科学与规划学院,广东省城市化与地理环境空间模拟重点实验室, 广东 广州 510275;2.广东省地质过程与矿产资源探查重点实验室, 广东 广州 510275
  • 收稿日期:2013-06-17 修回日期:2013-08-17 出版日期:2013-09-10
  • 通讯作者: 高全洲(1965-), 男, 安徽太和人, 教授,主要从事河流碳循环与全球变化研究.E-mail:eesgqz@mail.sysu.edu.cn E-mail:eesgqz@mail.sysu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目“人类活动干预下的流域地表过程在河流碳循环中的响应”(编号:41071054)资助

Research Advance in Air-Water CO 2 Exchange of Estuaries

Tang Wenkui 1, Gao Quanzhou 1,2   

  1. 1.Geography and Planning School of Sun YatSen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Geo-simulation, Guangzhou 510275, China; 2.Key Laboratory of Mineral Resource & Geological Processes of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510275, China
  • Received:2013-06-17 Revised:2013-08-17 Online:2013-09-10 Published:2013-09-10

河口区是联系大气圈、岩石圈、水圈和生物圈的重要枢纽。厘清河口区碳的行为机理,特别是二氧化碳(CO2)在水—气界面的交换过程,有助于提高对近海碳源汇格局的认识。通过总结河口CO2水—气交换的国内外最新进展,得出如下结论:①不同河口水体二氧化碳分压(pCO2)空间分布存在一般模式,但pCO2具体季节变化存在差异;②全球河口区面积虽小,但其CO2的水—气释放通量高达0.25×1015~0.50×1015g C/a,约有1/3的河流碳经过河口过程被释放到大气中;③有机质的呼吸降解、外源CO2的横向传递、水体内部矿物沉淀以及水流的紊动构成了河口水体CO2向大气释放的主要驱动过程。目前,气体传输速率k和全球河口面积估算的不确定性依旧很大,已有的河口样本还不能充分代表不同类型的河口系统来支撑全球河口CO2水—气界面交换通量的精确估算。

Estuary holds a key position in linking the four geo-spheres, i.e., atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. Figuring out the transfer mechanisms of estuarine carbon, especially the exchange of CO at the airwater interface is conducive to understanding the carbon pattern in coastal oceans. To date, many fruitful studies have been conducted on the control mechanism towards the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) in different estuarine areas around the world. By a thorough research on the latest studies of estuarine CO exchange with the atmosphere, it is concluded as follows: ①A common pattern is found on the spatial distribution of pCOin different estuarine areas. However, the concrete seasonal change of pCO2 shows great differences, and the corresponding control factors also vary considerably. ②Estuaries are believed to be large sources of CO to the atmosphere. It is estimated that the global estuarine CO degassing fluxes, although the  global surface area of estuaries   is small, are up to 0.25×1015~0.50×1015g C/a; and about 1/3 of riverine carbon is released into the atmosphere during the estuarine transit. ③Degradation of organic matter, lateral transfer of marshderived CO2 , mineral deposits in water and turbulence in the liquid phase are the main factors that are responsible for the emission of estuarine CO2 . At present, this estimate of estuarine CO exchange with the atmosphere is based on limited spatial data, therefore problems such as the limitation in the depth and scope of studies still exist. There are also varieties of uncertainties in the estimation of gas transfer velocity and the whole areas of global estuaries, all of them make it difficult to reach an accurate evaluation of CO fluxes at the airwater interface. It is difficult to predict the future trend of the CO exchange at the air-water interface due to the complexities of the driving forces and feedback mechanisms in estuarine carbon cycle and the intense anthropogenic disturbance. Investigating the mechanism of pCO in estuarine areas, improving the accuracy of evaluation of CO fluxes and comparing  studies of different estuaries would be new scopes in the future researches on the exchange of CO at the air-water interface in estuaries.

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