数值天气预报模式物理过程参数化方案的研究进展

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2017.07.0679

地球科学进展 ›› 2017, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (7): 679 -687. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2017.07.0679

马雷鸣 ^1, ^2, ³(

), 鲍旭炜 ²

1.上海中心气象台,上海 200030
2.中国气象局上海台风研究所,上海 200030
3.上海市气象与健康重点实验室,上海 200030

收稿日期:2017-04-18 修回日期:2017-06-20 出版日期:2017-07-20
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目“对流层中层大气影响深对流发展的关键物理机制和参数化研究”(编号:41475059);国家重点研发计划项目“我国东部城市群污染天气观测及大数据平台建设”(编号:2016YFC0201900)资助

Research Progress on Physical Parameterization Schemes in Numerical Weather Prediction Models

Leiming Ma ^1, ^2, ³( ), Xuwei Bao ²

1.Shanghai Weather Forecast Center, Shanghai 200030, China
2.Shanghai Typhoon Institute/CMA, Shanghai 200030, China
3.Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai 200030, China

Received:2017-04-18 Revised:2017-06-20 Online:2017-07-20 Published:2017-07-20
About author:
First author:Ma Leiming (1975-), male,Shihezi City, Xinjiang Province, Professor. Research areas include numerical prediction, tropical cyclone, and atmospheric dynamics.E-mail:malm@mail.typhoor.gov.cn
Supported by:
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China “Study on dominant physical mechanism and parameterization for deep convection affected by atmosphere in mid-level troposphere”(No.41475059);Special Project of National Key Research and Development Program of China “Observation on weather conditions for air pollution in China eastern city group and construction on related large data platform”(No.2016YFC0201900)

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数值天气预报模式对天气过程发展的物理描述主要通过物理过程参数化实现,因此,物理过程参数化方案的发展一直是国际研究热点,也是数值模式改进的难点。在阐述对流、云微物理和边界层等主要物理参数化方案的理论基础和发展历史的基础上,指出在高分辨率模式网格条件下的物理过程参数化方案改进将是未来数值模式发展的核心问题。随着高性能计算能力的迅速发展,目前业务模式网格距已逐渐精细到小于10 km,但模式所使用的物理过程参数化方案大多并未针对高分辨率网格设计,其理论假设的适用性值得商榷。根据目前国际研究趋势,探讨了今后物理过程参数化方案研究改进的重点方向。

关键词: 数值模式, 云物理参数化, 对流参数化, 边界层参数化

Atmospheric physics in numerical weather prediction model which predominantly determines the evolution of atmospheric processes is mainly described by physical parameterization. As a result, the development of physical parameterization has been a hot research issue in the area of numerical prediction for a long time. In this regard, the theoretical background and history of physical parameterization schemes for convection, microphysics, and planetary boundary layer, were reviewed in this study. It is suggested that the advance of physical parameterization for the model with high-resolution grid spaces should be considered as a principle issue for numerical model development in the future. Although the gird spaces in current operational numerical models generally decrease toward 10 km owing to the rapid development of high-performance computation, yet most of these schemes are designed for coarse grid spaces. Because of this kind of deficiency, the theoretical basis of these schemes inevitably faces controversy. Directions for development of physical parameterization were also suggested according to the trends of research in numerical prediction.

Key words: Numerical model, Cloud parameterization, Convective parameterization, PBL parameterization.

中图分类号:

P456.7

图1 基于不同定义的热带气旋边界层高度径向分布 ^{[

67
]}
横坐标中 r=0为热带气旋中心位置,RMW为最大风速半径;纵坐标为高度; h _inflow, h _vmax, Ri _cr, Z_i分别为基于入流层、最大切向风速、理查森数、混合层高度的边界层高度

Fig.1 The radial distribution of tropical cyclone PBL height according to the definition from previous studies ^{[

67
]}
in X-axis, r=0 denotes the center oftropical cyclone,RMW is the radius of maximum wind; Y-axis is height; h _inflow, h _vmax, Ri _cr, Z_i are PBL heights defined with inflow layer, maximum tangential wind, Ri number and mixing layer, respectively

图2 基于无量纲螺旋度梯度定义的边界层高度 ^{[

73
]}
(a)实线为边界层高度;阴影值为无量纲螺旋度,虚线为无量纲螺旋度零线;(b)湍流动能(单位:m ²/s ²)

Fig.2 PBL height defined with nondimensional helicity ^{[

73
]}
(a)Solid,shaded value is nondimensional helicity, dashed line denotes zero;(b)Turbulent Kinetic Energy(unit: m ²/s ²)

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