地球科学进展 ›› 2019, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (12): 1316 -1327. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2019.12.1316

研究论文 上一篇    

西北东部季风过渡区夹卷率与夏季风的动力学关系
李岩瑛 1, 2, 3( ),蔡英 2,张春燕 3,曾婷 3,杨吉萍 4   
  1. 1.中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所, 甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室/中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室,甘肃 兰州 730020
    2.中国科学院陆面过程与气候变化重点实验室,甘肃 兰州,730000
    3.甘肃省武威市气象局, 甘肃 武威 733000
    4.民勤县气象局, 甘肃 民勤 733300
  • 收稿日期:2019-09-11 修回日期:2019-11-02 出版日期:2019-12-10
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学重点基金项目“我国典型夏季风影响过渡区陆—气相互作用及其对夏季风响应研究”(41630426);中国科学院陆面过程与气候变化重点实验室开放基金项目“西北地区东部大气边界层变化特征及其对夏季风活动的响应”(LPCC2016005)

Dynamic Relationship Between Entrainment Rate and Summer Monsoon in the Transition Area of Monsoon in the East of Northwest China

Yanying Li 1, 2, 3( ),Ying Cai 2,Chunyan Zhang 3,Ting Zeng 3,Jiping Yang 4   

  1. 1.Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province/Key Open Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Disaster Reduction of CMA/ Institute of Arid Meteorology,CMA,Lanzhou 730020, China
    2.Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions, CAS, Lanzhou 730000, China
    3.Wuwei Meteorological Bureau in Gansu Province, Gansu Wuwei 733000, China
    4.Minqin Meteorological Bureau of Gansu Province, Gansu Minqin 733300, China
  • Received:2019-09-11 Revised:2019-11-02 Online:2019-12-10 Published:2020-02-12
  • About author:Li Yanying (1970-), female, Wuwei City, Gansu Province, Professor of engineering. Research areas include weather forecasting and research. E-mail: lyyqxj@163.com
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China "Study on land-air interaction and its response to summer monsoon in transition area affected by typical summer monsoon in China"(41630426);The Open Fund of the Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change of the Chinese Academy of Sciences "Characteristics of atmospheric boundary layer variation in the East of Northwest China and its response to summer monsoon activities"(LPCC2016005)

夹卷率指上升单位距离卷入的周围空气质量与空气质量的比率,包括湍流夹卷和动力夹卷,应用于对流云的边界层参数化、数值模式改进、云滴谱离散度观测及热带气旋的研究中。应用西北东部季风过渡区民勤、榆中、平凉、银川和延安等5站2006—2016年5~9月逐日07时和19时每隔10 m高度的高空加密观测资料,结合地面逐日观测资料,计算不同高度夹卷率,得出不同区域夹卷率与高度、季风期降水和季风的关系。结果表明: 夹卷率与气温、饱和水汽压成正比关系,但与相对湿度成反比。有云的相对湿度阈值为65%,相对湿度阈值越大,不同量级降水的云高也越低,而云高随着雨量增加而增高。 夹卷率存在明显的早晚变化和区域差别:从地面到3 km,07时明显小于19时,近地层随高度增加而减弱,500 m以上随高度增加而增强;从小到大为季风影响区、季风摆动区和非季风区,在3 km以上无明显区域差别。 夹卷率与降水强度、性质关系较为密切:近地面至600 m以下随着雨强增强夹卷率减弱,但500 m以上至2~3 km随着雨强增强夹卷率增强;近地层700 m以下稳定性降水夹卷强,而以上对流性降水夹卷强,对流性降水饱和水汽压大、夹卷强,而稳定性降水饱和水汽密度大,水汽丰富但夹卷弱。 夹卷率与季风及其持续时间的关系:从无季风到有季风夹卷率是减弱的,夹卷最强的最大高度也在降低。在非季风区和季风影响区夹卷率的持续时间差别不明显,只有季风摆动区在近地面层持续时间越长夹卷率越小,而在高空1~2 km相反。 夹卷率与亚洲—太平洋涛动(APO)季风强度指数关系表明:07时在近地层随高度增强,800 m以上随高度减弱,季风强度与夹卷率相关不明显;19时在近地层随高度增强,300 m以上随高度减弱,季风越强夹卷率越小。夹卷率随边界层高度降低而减弱。

Entrainment rate refers to the ratio of surrounding air quality to air quality involved in rising unit distance, including turbulent entrainment and dynamic entrainment, which are applied to the boundary layer parametrization of convective clouds, the improvement of numerical model, the observation of cloud droplet spectral dispersion and the study of tropical cyclones.Based on the daily data at 07:00 and 19:00 every 10 m of five stations such as Minqin, Yuchong, Pingliang, Yinchuan and Yan'an from May to September during 2006-2016, combined with the daily observation data on the ground, the Entrainment Rates(ER) of different heights were calculated, and the relationships between ER and height in different regions, precipitation as well as monsoon during the monsoon period were further obtained. The main results were as follows: The ER was proportional to air temperature and saturated water vapor pressure, but inversely proportional to relative humidity. The relative humidity threshold of cloud was 65%. The higher the relative humidity threshold was, the lower the cloud height of different orders of precipitation was, and the cloud height was higher with the increase of rainfall. ER had obvious diurnal changes and regional differences: It was obviously smaller at 07:00 than at 19:00 from ground to 3 km, which weakened with the increase of height in the near surface , but strengthened with the increase of height above 500 m; From small to large, the monsoon affected area, the monsoon swing area and the non-monsoon area were in turn, and there was no regional difference above 3 km. ER was closely related to the intensity and property of precipitation in monsoon period. The ER weakened with the enhancement of rain intensity from near ground to below 600 m, but strengthened with the enhancement of rain intensity from 500 m to 2~3 km.From near ground to below 700 m, the ER of stable precipitation was strong, but that of convective precipitation was strong above 700 m. The convective precipitation had big saturated water vapor pressure and strong ER , while the stable precipitation had big saturated water vapor density, rich water vapor but weak ER. The relationship between ER and monsoon as well as its duration: From no monsoon to monsoon ER was weakened, the strongest maximum height was also decreasing. There was no significant difference in the duration of ER between the non-monsoon area and the monsoon affected area, but the longer the monsoon swing area lasted in the near ground layer, the smaller the ER was, while the opposite was at 1~2 km in the high altitude. The relationship between ER and the APO monsoon intensity index showed that: At 07:00, the ER strengthened with height from near ground to below 800 m, but weakened with height above 800 m,and the monsoon intensity was not related to the ER. At 19:00, the ER strengthened with the height near ground but weakened with the height above 300 m, and the stronger the monsoon was, the smaller the ER was. The ER weakened with the decrease of boundary layer height.

中图分类号: 

图1 5~9月民勤、榆中、平凉、银川和延安站不同量级降水的云厚
Fig.1 Cloud thicknesses under different precipitation intensity from May to September at Minqin, Yuzhong, Pingliang, Yinchuan and Yan'an stations
图2 5~9月民勤、榆中、平凉、银川和延安5站不同量级降水在各相对湿度阈值的云高
Fig.2 Cloud heights under different precipitation intensity at each relative humidity threshold from May to September at Minqin, Yuzhong, Pingliang, Yinchuan and Yan'an stations
图3 不同季风区季风期饱和水汽压随高度的分布
Fig.3 Distribution of saturated water vapor pressure with height in different monsoon regions during monsoon period
图4 不同季风区季风期夹卷率随高度的分布
Fig.4 Distribution of entrainment rate with height in different monsoon regions during monsoon period
图5 不同季风区季风期各降水量级云高的变化
Fig.5 Variation of cloud height under different precipitation intensity in different monsoon regions during monsoon period
图6 不同季风区季风期降水强度夹卷率随高度的日分布
(a)非季风区;(b)季风摆动区;(c)季风影响区;(a1),(b1),(c1):07:00; (a2),(b2),(c2):19:00
Fig.6 The daily distribution of entrainment rates with height under different precipitation intensity in different monsoon regions during monsoon period
(a)Non-monsoon area; (b) Monsoon swing area; (c)Monsoon affected area;(a1),(b1) and (c1):07:00;(a2),(b2) and (c2):19:00
图7 5站平均不同强度降水中的温度和相对湿度随高度日变化
(a)气温;(b)相对湿度; (a1),(b1): 07:00; (a2),(b2): 19:00
Fig.7 Diurnal variation of five stations’ average temperature and relative humidity with height under different precipitation intensities
(a)Temperature; (b)Relative humidity; (a1),(b1): 07:00; (a2),(b2): 19:00
图8 5站不同降水性质下夹卷率随高度的变化
Fig.8 Variation of five stations entrainment rate with height under different precipitation properties
图9 不同季风区夹卷率与季风的日变化关系
(a)非季风区;(b)季风摆动区;(c)季风影响区
Fig.9 The diurnal variation relationship between entrainment rate and monsoon in different monsoon regions
(a)Non-monsoon area; (b)Monsoon swing area; (c)Monsoon affected area
图10 不同季风持续时间下夹卷率随高度的变化
(a)非季风区;(b) 季风摆动区;(c)季风影响区;(a1),(b1),(c1) 07:00; (a2),(b2),(c2) 19:00
Fig.10 Variation of entrainment rate with height under different monsoon durations
(a)Non-monsoon area; (b)Monsoon swing area; (c) Monsoon affected area; (a1),(b1),(c1) 07:00; (a2),(b2),(c2) 19:00
图11 不同季风强度指数年代际变化
Fig.11 Inter-decadal variation of different monsoon intensity indices
图12 APO季风强度指数下夹卷率随高度的变化
Fig.12 Variation of entrainment rate with height under APO monsoon intensity indices
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