西辽河地区史前聚落的时空演变与生业模式和气候历史的相关性研究

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2016.11.1159

地球科学进展 ›› 2016, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (11): 1159 -1171. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2016.11.1159

王琳 ¹(

), 武虹 ¹, 贾鑫 ²

1.华侨大学建筑学院,福建厦门 361021
2.南京大学地理与海洋科学学院,江苏南京 210023

收稿日期:2016-08-31 修回日期:2016-10-20 出版日期:2016-11-20
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目“河湟谷地水土资源配置模式与史前人类生业活动的相关性研究”(编号:41401224);华侨大学中青年教师科研提升资助计划“无人机航测技术支持下的旧城更新与聚落形态研究”(编号:ZQN-PY310)资助

Study on the Temporal-Spatial Evolution of Prehistoric Settlements and Its Correlation with Subsistence Strategy and Climate History in the Western Liao River Area

Lin Wang ¹( ), Hong Wu ¹, Xin Jia ²

1.School of Architecture, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
2.Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China

Received:2016-08-31 Revised:2016-10-20 Online:2016-11-20 Published:2016-11-20
About author:
First author:Wang Lin(1981-), male, Rizhao City, Shandong Province, Lecturer. Research areas include GIS and human habitat environment.E-mail:wanglin1981@foxmail.com
Supported by:
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China “A study on the correlation between the allocation of land-water resources and prehistoric subsistence strategy in Hehuang Valley”(No.41401224);Promotion Program for Young and Middle-aged Teacher in Science and Technology Research of Huaqiao University “A study on old city renewal and settlement pattern supported by UAV photogrammetry”(No.ZQN-PY310)

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西辽河地区是中国北方农业文明的重要发源地之一。随着近年来文物普查、遗址发掘和环境考古工作的不断深入,该地区史前文化的时间序列、文化内涵和生业模式变得更加清晰。史前人类对自然资源的开发历史、生业模式变化的气候背景及其对文明进程的影响等问题引起了广泛关注。已有的工作大多采用传统环境考古手段进行遗址内调查,很少采用定量方法分析宏观尺度的遗址分布和聚集模式。在数字化大量文物普查数据的基础上,GIS的核密度分析被用来反映西辽河地区史前文化的聚集模式,并通过三维视角转换和海拔统计来反映遗址分布重心在纬向、经向及高程上的变化规律。通过对比空间分析结果和已有的生业模式研究及古气候记录,揭示了研究区史前聚落的时空分布与当时的生业模式和气候环境之间的关联,也有助于史前人地关系研究中海量遗址位置信息的理解和使用。

关键词: GIS, 环境考古, 时空演变, 生业模式, 西辽河地区

Western Liao River area is one of the most important birthplaces of agricultural civilization in northern China. With recent works like relics survey, site excavation and environmental archaeology going further, the time sequence, cultural content and subsistence strategy history of this area are getting explicit. Questions like ancient exploiting history of natural resources, climate background and cultural impact of subsistence strategy have been paid great attention. Traditional environmental archaeology methods like plant and animal remains analysis are mostly utilized to conduct in-site investigation, current studies rarely adopt quantitative methods to examine the sites’ macro temporal-spatial distribution and aggregation pattern. Based on abundant digitized relic survey data, GIS methods like kernel density analysis are utilized to indicate the temporal-spatial distribution and aggregation pattern of prehistoric cultures in Western Liao River area. The latitudinal, longitudinal and altitudinal migrations of site distributional core are indicated by 3D perspective shift and elevation statistics. By referencing existing studies on subsistence strategy and paleoclimate history, results of spatial analysis are used to reveal the correlation among sites’ temporal-spatial distribution, subsistence strategy adopted and climate variation. This also contributes to our understanding and utilization of massive locational information of prehistoric sites in ancient man-land relationship study.

Key words: GIS, Environmental archaeology, Temporal-spatial evolution, Subsistence strategy, Western Liao River area.

中图分类号:

P467

图1 西辽河地区的地貌格局和地理区位

Fig.1 The landform pattern and geographical location of the Western Liao River area

图2 核密度分析所反映的西辽河地区新石器—青铜文化遗址的重心分异模式和遗址密集程度(括号内数字是遗址数量)

Fig.2 The distributional core variation and sites’ aggregation level of Neolithic-Bronze age sites in Western Liao River area indicated by kernel density analysis (number in brackets indicates the sites amount)

图3 西辽河地区新石器—青铜文化遗址在纬度(3.1)和经度(3.2)方向上的重心分布变化

Fig.3 The variation of distributional core of Neolithic-Bronze age sites in latitudinal(3.1) and longitudinal(3.2)direction of Western Liao River area

图4 西辽河地区新石器—青铜文化遗址的海拔高程频数直方图(50 m高程间隔)

Fig.4 The frequency histogram of altitudinal distribution with 50 m interval of Neolithic-Bronze age sites in Western Liao River area

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