时空数据模型研究综述

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2016.10.1001.

时空数据模型不仅关系到时空对象的动态表达,更是时空分析与推理的重要支撑,也是TGIS的关键基础。对时空数据模型提出至今的国内外理论和应用现状进行了详细综述,梳理了近50年的时空数据模型发展族谱,阐述了时空数据模型的改进和应用现状,总结了当前时空数据模型存在的问题,展望了时空数据模型的未来发展方向。

关键词: 时空数据模型, 时空数据模型发展族谱, TGIS

Traditional GIS(Geographic Information System)mostly can only describe the transient state data and does not have the ability to deal with the temporal dynamic data. When the data changes, new data will take the place of the old data, namely the transient state change into another, and the old data will disappear. Therefore, it is unable to make an analysis of the updating changes of the data and predict the development trend of the future. In this case, TGIS (Temporal Geographic Information System) emerges and expands the time dimension on the basis of traditional GIS. Spatio-temporal data model is the key to TGIS. Spatio-temporal data modeling is not only related to dynamic expression of spatio-temporal objects, but also gives an important support for spatio-temporal analysis and reasoning. This paper summarized the theories and applications status at home and abroad of spatio-temporal data model in detail, illustrated family tree of spatio-temporal data model for the nearly fifty years, discussed improvement and application status of Base State with Amendments Model, Event-based Spatio-temporal Data Model, Object-oriented Data Model and other spatio-temporal data models, and raised the existing problems of spatio-temporal data model. The current existing problems mainly includes: ①There are a lot of spatio-temporal data models put forward, but some of them only focus on semantic design and neglect the verified; ②Most of existing spatio-temporal data model are for vector data, only the Event-based Spatio-temporal Data Model is raster data structure; ③At present, the expression the time-space information of geographic entity is relative separated with spatio-temporal data model; ④Spatio-temporal data model is mainly used in cadastral management, land use and forestry data updating, less application in other fields. In the end, the future development direction was put forward of spatio-temporal data model. In the time of big data and “Internet plus”, it is necessary to explore the big data spatio-temporal data model that supports multiple data formats.

Key words: Spatio-temporal data model, Family tree of spatio-temporal data model, TGIS.

中图分类号:

P208.2

图1 时空数据模型发展族谱图

Fig.1 Family tree of spatio-temporal data model

图2 关于相对基态的修正方式的改进
T为时刻

Fig.2 Improve on the relative base state with amendments
T is time

图3 基态修正模型改进示意图

Fig.3 Improve on the base state with amendments

图4 基于事件的时空数据模型扩展示意图

Fig.4 Improve on the event-based spatio-temporal data model

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A Survey of the Spatio-Temporal Data Model