从《世界土壤资源状况报告》解读全球土壤学社会责任和发展特点及对中国土壤学研究的启示

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2016.10.1012

地球科学进展 ›› 2016, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (10): 1012 -1020. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2016.10.1012

张旭辉(

), 邵前前, 丁元君, 程琨, 卞荣军, 刘晓雨, 郑聚锋, 李恋卿, 潘根兴 ^*(

)

南京农业大学土壤学系,南京农业大学农业资源与生态环境研究所,江苏南京 210095

收稿日期:2016-07-01 修回日期:2016-09-12 出版日期:2016-10-20
通讯作者: 潘根兴 E-mail:xuhuizhang@njau.edu.cn;pangenxing@aliyun.com
基金资助:
联合国生物质炭可持续土壤管理全球示范项目(GEF 2015)(编号:B4SS)资助

Societal Responsibility and Development Trends of Global Soil Studies and the Provisions for China: Lessons from the Status of the 《World’s Soil Resources Report》

Xuhui Zhang( ), Qianqian Shao, Yuanjun Ding, Kun Cheng, Rongjun Bian, Xiaoyu Liu, Jufeng Zheng, Lianqing Li, Genxing Pan ^*( )

Institute of Resources, Ecosystem and Environment for Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China

Received:2016-07-01 Revised:2016-09-12 Online:2016-10-20 Published:2016-10-20
Contact: Genxing Pan E-mail:xuhuizhang@njau.edu.cn;pangenxing@aliyun.com
About author:
First author:Zhang Xuhui (1976-), male, Luquan City, Hebei Province, Associate Professor. Research areas include soil science and education.E-mail:xuhuizhang@njau.edu.cn

*Corresponding author:Pan Genxing (1958-), male, Pujiang City, Zhejiang Province, Professor. Research areas include soil science and education.E-mail:pangenxing@aliyun.com
Supported by:
Project supported by Biochar for Sustainable Soils Project (GEF 2015)(No.B4SS)

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解读2015年发布的《世界土壤资源状况报告》。基于对世界土壤资源状况的多视角分析,提出1/3面积的世界土壤资源处于部分或严重受损的态势,再次强调了世界土壤资源对于全球社会的普世价值,彰显了全面监测、调控和管理全球土壤资源的重大任务以及教育、研究和技术发展支撑全球土壤可持续管理的社会责任。报告表明,全球土壤学研究焦点是土壤变化与自然和人类活动驱动力、土壤退化及其导致的土壤质量、过程、功能和服务的变化,热点是碳(氮)—水—生物储库及分布为代表的生物地球化学与全球系统气候变化、生态系统功能及人类健康生活的关系;全球土壤学发展的突出趋势还表现为大数据为基础的集成研究。全球土壤学话语权仍为欧美发达国家所主导,中国土壤学的影响还很小,我国土壤学研究水平及其对社会的服务作用急需提升。

关键词: 全球土壤学, 土壤资源, 社会责任, 学科发展, 世界土壤

2015 is the International Year of Soil (IYS) adopted by the 378th Congress of the United Nations. The Status of the World’s Soil Resources was released by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, which was the policy report about the status of the world soil resources for the first time. The universal values of the global community were strengthened by the challenges for the global society from the risk and safety of the change of soil quality, functions, services and soil health. One third of the world soil resources were suffering serious degradation, which could affect the food security in the future, regional development and local conflicts in the report. The major task of the global monitoring, regulation and management of the world soil resources and the social responsibility of supporting the sustainable soil management by education, research and technology development were highlighted. The social responsibility and global development trends of soil science and management strategies were discussed by the keywords, the distribution of contributing authors and the citation of the references, as well as the main contents of the report. The keywords distribution of the report showed that the focus of the soil research included the change of soil quality, processes, functions and services induced by the natural driving forces, human’s activity and soil degradation, as well as the hotspots covered soil carbon/nitrogen-water-biological pool and distribution related with the biogeochemistry, global climate change and ecosystem functions and human health. The number and structure of the cited papers showed that the integration research based on the mega-data analysis were the prominent development trend of the soil science. The geographic distribution of all the contributing authors showed that dominant discourse of the global soil science were grasped by the developed countries including Europe and the United States, China had just limited effects on the global soil science. It is urgent to promote China’s soil science research and the services for global society.

Key words: Global soil science, Soil resources, Social responsibility, Research development, World soil.

中图分类号:

P934

图1 报告中内容的关键词分布蜘蛛图
(a)土壤成分关键词分布;(b)土壤属性关键词分布;(c)土壤过程关键词分布;(d)土壤功能关键词分布;(e)土壤驱动力关键词分布;(f)土壤服务功能关键词分布

Fig.1 The spider diagram with the distribution of key words in the report
(a)Distribution of the key words about soil composition;(b)Distribution of the key words about soil properties;(c)Distribution of the key words about soil progresses;(d)Distribution of the key words about soil functions;(e)Distribution of the key words about soil driving forces;(f)Distribution of the key words about soil services

表1

Table 1 Types and proportion of the references cited in the report

类型	引用篇数	引用占比/%
报告	150	13.3
专著	154	13.6
综述	287	25.4
研究论文	539	47.7
总计	1 130	100.0

表1

Table 1 Types and proportion of the references cited in the report

类型	引用篇数	引用占比/%
报告	150	13.3
专著	154	13.6
综述	287	25.4
研究论文	539	47.7
总计	1 130	100.0

图2 被报告引用的大数据集成研究论文的年际分布

Fig.2 Chronical distribution of the mega-data synthesis studies cited in the report

图3 报告中引用论文的国别分布
(a)经合组织的发达国家; (b)发展中国家

Fig.3 The national distribution of the papers cited in the report
(a)OECD developed countries; (b)Developing countries

表2

Table 2 The national or regional distribution of the authors contributed to the general chapters of the report

	分类	人数	百分比/%
国家性质	OECD	75	71.4
	非OECD	30	28.6
地理分布	亚洲	18	17.1
	欧州	37	35.2
	北美(美加)	25	23.8
	非洲	8	7.6
	南美洲	8	7.6
	大洋洲	9	8.6

表2

Table 2 The national or regional distribution of the authors contributed to the general chapters of the report

	分类	人数	百分比/%
国家性质	OECD	75	71.4
	非OECD	30	28.6
地理分布	亚洲	18	17.1
	欧州	37	35.2
	北美(美加)	25	23.8
	非洲	8	7.6
	南美洲	8	7.6
	大洋洲	9	8.6

图4 报告所有编写人员的国别地理分布

Fig.4 Geographic distribution of all the contribution authors

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