近地表速度建模研究现状及发展趋势

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2014.10.1138

速度是反映地下构造和岩石物性的一个重要参数。近地表速度的精度直接影响勘探区域的地震资料静校正、速度分析以及最终成像的效果。目前常用的近地表建模方法和技术多基于高频近似的射线理论,不能满足当前近地表精细建模的需求。通过对微测井、折射波法、面波法、走时层析以及全波形反演等近地表建模技术的全面调研,总结了它们的适应性、优缺点及研究应用现状,指出联合走时层析与波形反演的技术方法在时间域分步骤、多尺度的反演策略是近地表高精度建模的有效手段和发展方向,能有效提高建模精度,适应高精度成像要求。该方法在近地表的矿产普查、工程物探、油气勘探等领域存在广泛的应用前景。

关键词: 走时层析, 全波形反演, 多尺度, 联合反演策略, 高精度

Seismic velocity is a critical factor in reflecting underground structure and lithology. The accuracy of near-surface velocity directly influences the results of static correction, velocity analysis and the final imaging in exploration areas. Near-surface modeling methods and technologies commonly used are based on the ray theory of high-frequency approximation, which barely meet the highaccuracy request in current nearsurface modeling. Through an overall investigation into nearsurface modeling technologies such as micro logging, mini refraction, surface wave method, traveltime tomography and Full Waveform Inversion (FWI), this paper summarizes their adaptability, advantages and disadvantages, research and application status, points out that by combining traveltime tomography and waveform inversion, the step-by-step and multiscale inversion strategy in the time domain is an effective means and trend of near-surface high-accuracy modeling, which can improve modeling accuracy effectively and meet the requirements of high accuracy imaging. Thus, the method has widespread application prospects in near-surface mineral prospecting, engineering geophysics and hydrocarbon exploration.

Key words: Traveltime tomography, Full waveform inversion, Multiscale, Joint inversion strategy, High-accuracy.

中图分类号:

P631

图1 复杂近地表概况

Fig 1 Complicated near surface general situation

图2 时间域波形层析最优频带选择策略 ^{[

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Fig 2 Strategy for choosing optimal frequency bands for time-domain wave form tomography ^{[

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图3 时间域多尺度波形反演结果 (a)5Hz峰值频率数据MWT结果;(b)5Hz和20Hz峰值频率数据MWT反演结果;(c)20Hz峰值频率数据SWT反演结果;(d)真实速度模型^{[

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Fig 3 Time-domain multiscale waveform inversion results (a)MWT velocity tomogram obtained after inversion using 5-Hz peak-frequency data;(b)MWT velocity tomogram obtained after inversions using 5- and 20-Hz peak-frequency data; (c)SWT velocity tomogram obtained after inversion using 20-Hz peak-frequency data;(d)the true velocity model^{[

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图4 墨西哥湾海洋数据反演结果 (a)走时层析反演结果;(b)MWT反演结果^{[

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Fig 4 Inversion results from the marine data (a)The initial velocity model obtained from traveltime tomography;(b)The velocity tomogram obtained from waveform tomography^{[

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图5 墨西哥湾海洋数据偏移结果 (a)走时层析偏移结果;(b)MWT偏移结果^{[

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Fig 5 Migration images from the marine data. (a)The Kirchhoff migration image obtained using the original data and the traveltime tomogram; (b)The Kirchhoff migration image obtained using the waveform tomogram^{[

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图6 偏移成像放大结果对比 (a)和b)分别是图5 a实线框和虚线框放大结果;(c)和(d)分别是图5 b实线框和虚线框放大结果^{[

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Fig 6 Zoomed views of migration images from the marine data. Using the traveltime tomogram, the Kirchhoff migration images in(a)the solid box and(b)the dashed box are obtained. Using the waveform tomogram, the Kirchhoff migration image in(c)the solid box and(d)the dashed box are obtained^{[

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图7 共成像点道集(CIGs)对比 ^{[

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Fig 7 Common image gathers (CIGs) obtained from the marine data migrated (a)traveltime tomogram; (b)waveform tomogram as the velocity model^{[

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摘要

Research Status and Development Trend of Near-Surface Velocity Modeling