喜马拉雅北部地区春季大气特征及日变化分析

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2010.08.0836

地球科学进展 ›› 2010, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (8): 836 -843. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2010.08.0836

所属专题：青藏高原研究——青藏科考虚拟专刊；

喜马拉雅北部地区春季大气特征及日变化分析

刘新 ¹，刘晓汝 ^1，2，马耀明 ¹，李伟平 ³

1.中国科学院青藏高原研究所青藏高原环境变化与地表过程实验室，北京 100085;2.中国科学院研究生院，北京 100049;
3.国家气候中心，北京 100081

收稿日期:2010-03-31 修回日期:2010-05-05 出版日期:2010-08-10
通讯作者: 刘新 E-mail:lx@itpcas.ac.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目“青藏高原和亚印太热力作用对亚洲季风年际、年代际变化的影响”之第一课题“青藏高原地面与大气热量与水分交换过程的观测和遥感监测研究”（编号：KZCX2-YW-Q11-01）；国家重点基础研究发展规划项目“青藏高原环境变化及其对全球变化的响应与适应对策”（编号：2005CB422000）；国家自然科学基金资助项目“西藏南部地区地表过程与大气环流相互作用机理研究”（编号：40875037）和“气候模式中积雪参数化方案的改进与积雪气候效应的数值模拟研究”（编号：40975042）资助.

An Analysis of Diurnal Variations of Atmospheric Features over the Northern Region of the Himalayas in Spring

Liu Xin ¹, Liu Xiaoru ^1,2, Ma Yaoming ¹, Li Weiping ³

1.Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes (TEL), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;
2.The Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
3.National Climate Center, Beijing 100081, China

Received:2010-03-31 Revised:2010-05-05 Online:2010-08-10 Published:2010-08-10
Contact:  E-mail:lx@itpcas.ac.cn

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利用珠峰北部地区的观测资料和AIRS卫星遥感资料，分析了喜马拉雅北部地区的大气日变化及其垂直结构。结果发现喜马拉雅北部地区气温日变化具有明显的单峰单谷型特征，一天气温最高值出现在18:00左右，最低值出现在早上7:00~9:00。风速的日变化呈现单峰型特征。气压的平均日变化呈双峰双谷型分布特征，气压极大值出现在2:00和12:00，气压极小值出现在6:00和19:00时，其中19:00出现气压最小值。感热通量、潜热通量的平均日变化和气温日变化具有一致性，春季感热通量大于潜热通量。净辐射通量的日变化特征是单峰型特征，每日最大值出现的时间比感热通量及潜热通量的最大值出现的时间早2个小时。引起高原地区日变化剧烈有2个主要原因：一是高原地区大气柱的质量较小，对太阳辐射的削弱较小，且相同的辐射加热和冷却可使较少大气产生较大温度变化；二是高原地区是大气云光学厚度较小的区域，由此可使地面在日间接受较强烈的太阳短波辐射而增温较大，在夜间又接受较小的大气长波逆辐射而降温较大。

关键词: 喜马拉雅北部地区, 日变化, 气象要素, 通量

The observation data collected by Atmospheric and Environmental Comprehensive Observation and Research Station on Mt. Qomolangma, Chinese Academy of Sciences (AECORSQ,CAS) and the AIRS(Atmospheric Infrared Sounder) satellite data obtained during the period of from March to May of 2008 are employed to analyze the diurnal changes and the vertical features of atmosphere over the northern region of the Himalayas in spring. The results show that the diurnal mean variation of surface air temperature has one-peak-one-vale pattern. The highest temperature occurred around 18:00 Beijing local time and the lowest was between 7:00 to 9:00 Beijing local time.The diurnal mean variation of wind speed has onepeak pattern, and the air pressure has two-peaks-two-vales pattern while the lowest occurred at 19:00 Beijing local time. The diurnal mean variations of sensible heat flux and latent heat flux were consistent with the diurnal change of air temperature. The pattern looks like the net radiation diurnal pattern, but the peak time appears about 2 hours later. The sensible heating flux is stronger than latent heating flux over the Tibetan Plateau in spring. There are two main reasons which caused the remarkable diurnal variation of air temperature over the Tibetan Plateau while the mass of the atmosphere over the plateau is much less than the mass of atmosphere over other regions, and it can gain more solar shortwave radiation and less shortwave radiation while the optical depth over this region is smaller.

Key words: The northern region of the Himalayas, Diurnal variation, Meteorological element, Flux

中图分类号:

P412.11
P404

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