地球科学进展

地球科学进展 ›› 2020, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (8): 804 -815. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2020.069

综述与评述 上一篇    下一篇

生态系统服务研究进展与展望
于德永 1, 2( ),郝蕊芳 3   
  1. 1.北京师范大学地理科学学部，地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室人与环境可持续性研究中心，北京 100875
    2.青海省人民政府—北京师范大学高原科学与可持续发展研究院，青海 西宁 810008
    3.北京林业大学水土保持学院，北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2020-05-09 修回日期:2020-07-15 出版日期:2020-08-10
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目“气候变化背景下内蒙古中西部地区土地利用与生态系统服务的定量关系研究”(41971269);青海省重大科技专项项目“青海省生态价值总量和时空差异的量化”(2019SFA12-A010204)

Research Progress and Prospect of Ecosystem Services

Deyong Yu 1, 2( ),Ruifang Hao 3   

  1. 1.Center for Human-Environment System Sustainability (CHESS), State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology (ESPRE), College of Resources Science & Technology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
    2.Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, People's Goverment of Qinghai Province & Beijing Normal University, Xining 810008, China
    3.School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
  • Received:2020-05-09 Revised:2020-07-15 Online:2020-08-10 Published:2020-09-15
  • About author:Yu Deyong （1973-）， male， Chaoyang City， Liaoning Province， Professor. Research areas include landscape ecology and land system planning, urban ecology and urban planning. E-mail： ydy@bnu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China “Quantifying the relationship between land use and ecosystem services under climate change in the central and western regions of Inner Mongolia”(41971269);The Key Project of Science and Technology Department of Qinghai Province “Quantification of total ecological value and temporal and spatial differences in Qinghai Province”(2019SFA12-A010204)
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生态系统服务是指人类从自然生态系统中获得的惠益。加强气候变化背景下景观格局与生态系统服务的定量关系研究，在此基础上优化区域土地系统，是提高区域/景观提供生态系统服务能力的重要途径。评述了生态系统服务测量、相互关系和优化管理研究进展和存在的问题。强调生态系统服务物质量准确测量是价值化的基础，约束线方法在刻画生态系统服务相互关系的非线性特征和阈值方面具有较大潜力，应从人与环境耦合系统整体性出发，研发新一代的地球系统模式，在区域尺度上优化生态系统服务，这是实现区域可持续发展的景观可持续科学途径。

关键词: 区域可持续发展, 人与环境耦合系统, 地球系统模式, 约束作用, 土地系统设计

Ecosystem services refer to the benefits that humans obtain from natural ecosystems. Landscape pattern is closely related to ecosystem processes/functions. Understanding the quantitative relationship between landscape pattern and ecosystem services in the context of climate change is an important way to improve the ability of a region/landscape to provide ecosystem services. This article reviewed the progress and existing problems in the research field of ecosystem service measurement, mutual relationship and optimal management. This article emphasized that the accurate measurement of the amount of ecosystem services is the basis of valuing it, and the constraint line approach has great potential in portraying the nonlinear relationship and threshold characteristics of ecosystem services. It is necessary to start from the integrity of human-environment coupling system to develop a new generation of earth system models and optimize regional ecosystem services on this basis, which is a landscape sustainability science approach to achieve the goal of regional sustainable development.

Key words: Regional sustainable development, Human-environment coupling system, Earth system modeling, Constraint effect, Land system planning

中图分类号: 

图1 生态系统服务的驱动机制及与人类福祉的耦合关系
Fig.1 Driving mechanism of ecosystem services and the coupling relationship with human well-being
表1 生态系统服务主要研究领域及存在的问题
Table 1 Main fields and existing problems of ecosystem service studies
研究领域 研究方法 优点 存在问题

生态系统

服务测量

 生态过程模型 生态学机理清楚 参数化复杂、验证困难
遥感反演模型 能够全覆盖表征生态系统质量异质性 高精度遥感影像较难获取
土地利用/覆盖替代 简单易行 难以表征生态系统异质性
野外调查采样 精度高 不适用于大尺度

生态系统

服务作用关系

 权衡与协同 简单易行 静态、二元化
制图叠加 简单易行 无法得到定量关系
情景模拟 有针对性 目标较为单一
统计方法 简单易行 统计学基础往往难以满足

生态系统

服务管理

 驱动机制 明晰生态系统服务变化的机制 缺乏多类因子综合分析
情景分析 服务于政策制定 较多假设与现实有偏离
土地利用优化 生态系统服务优化目标明确 往往局地或局部优化
图2 气候系统—土地系统—人类系统相互作用构成人与环境耦合系统
Fig.2 Climate system, land system and human system interact with each other and constitute a coupling human-environment system
图3 可持续性景观建研究框架
Fig.3 Research framework of sustainable landscape architecture
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