地球科学进展 ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 133 -150. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2026.012

综述与评述 上一篇    

原位高频监测技术在水文水资源领域的应用
刘传琨1(), 李洋2,3(), 胡玥2,3, 常启昕2,3, 王唯佳2,3, 朱红霞2,3   
  1. 1.四川省环境政策研究与规划院,四川 成都 610000
    2.成都理工大学 地质灾害防治与地质环境保护 全国重点实验室,四川 成都 610059
    3.成都理工大学 环境与土木工程学院,四川 成都 610059
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-05 修回日期:2025-12-01 出版日期:2026-02-10
  • 通讯作者: 李洋 E-mail:liuchuankun@pku.edu.cn;2986050624@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(42477070);四川省自然科学基金项目(2025ZNSFSC1213)

The Application of In-situ High-frequency Monitoring Technology in Hydrology and Water Resources

Chuankun  Liu1(), Yang Li2,3(), Yue  Hu2,3, Qixin  Chang2,3, Weijia  Wang2,3, Hongxia  Zhu2,3   

  1. 1.Sichuan Institute of Environmental Policy Research and Planning, Chengdu 610000, China
    2.National Key Laboratory of Geological Disaster Prevention and Environmental Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
    3.School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
  • Received:2025-09-05 Revised:2025-12-01 Online:2026-02-10 Published:2026-04-02
  • Contact: Yang Li E-mail:liuchuankun@pku.edu.cn;2986050624@qq.com
  • About author:Liu Chuankun, research areas include water environment monitoring and modeling. E-mail: liuchuankun@pku.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42477070);The Sichuan Natural Science Foundation(2025ZNSFSC1213)

借助声学、光学和电化学等多类传感器技术,原位高频监测已实现对水位、流量及多项水质参数的连续、高时空分辨率观测。系统梳理了原位高频监测在水文水资源领域的发展与应用,归纳了不同技术阶段在采样频率、监测指标类型及数据获取能力方面的演进过程。相关应用研究显示,原位高频监测技术在流域水文过程示踪、物质迁移机制解析、水环境污染防控、水资源精细化管理及山洪灾害预警等方面显著提升了过程刻画精度与响应时效性,能够有效捕捉传统低频采样难以识别的短时水文事件、水源动态变化及污染物通量突变,为流域尺度水文与水环境研究提供关键数据支撑。然而,目前该技术在监测指标覆盖、传感器长期稳定性、复杂环境适应性、设备建设与维护成本及高频数据处理能力等方面仍存在一定局限性。未来发展应重点推进低成本、多参数集成传感器,并融合物联网技术优化系统性能,推动原位高频监测向智能化、精准化与高效化方向发展。

With the rapid development of acoustic, optical, electrochemical, and other multi-type sensor technologies, in situ high-frequency monitoring has enabled continuous observations of water level, discharge, and multiple water quality parameters with high temporal and spatial resolution. This technological advancement has fundamentally transformed the traditional paradigms of hydrological and water quality monitoring, which have long been constrained by low sampling frequency, discontinuous data, and limited ability to capture short-term hydrological events. As hydrological and water resources research increasingly emphasizes process-based mechanistic understanding and real-time management, in situ high-frequency monitoring has emerged as a critical tool for resolving rapid system dynamics and improving the accuracy of decision-making.This review systematically summarizes the evolution and applications of in situ high-frequency monitoring technology in the field of hydrology and water resources. The development of monitoring systems spans distinct technological stages, progressing from early manual observations and automated sampling to sensor-based, multi-parameter, and intelligent monitoring networks. Particular emphasis is placed on the pivotal role of advanced sensors in achieving long-term, high-resolution observations of hydrological and hydrochemical processes.A comprehensive synthesis of representative studies demonstrates that in situ high-frequency monitoring has significantly enhanced process characterization accuracy and response timeliness across a broad range of applications. These include watershed-scale hydrological process tracing and water source apportionment, analysis of solute transport and material migration mechanisms, water pollution control and early warning, refined water resources management, and forecasting of flash floods and mountain torrent disasters. High-frequency datasets effectively capture short-duration hydrological events, rapid water source transitions, and abrupt changes in pollutant fluxes—phenomena frequently missed by conventional low-frequency sampling—thereby providing essential data support for understanding complex hydrological and biogeochemical dynamics.Despite these notable advantages, current in situ high-frequency monitoring systems still face several challenges, including limited coverage of monitoring parameters, insufficient long-term sensor stability, performance degradation under complex environmental conditions, high costs for equipment deployment and maintenance, and the growing demand for efficient processing and interpretation of massive high-frequency datasets. Future development should prioritize the design of low-cost, multi-parameter integrated sensors and the deep integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies to improve data transmission efficiency and intelligent processing capabilities. These advancements will drive in situ high-frequency monitoring toward greater intelligence, precision, and operational efficiency, further consolidating its position as a core component of modern hydrological and water resources monitoring systems.

中图分类号: 

表1 水文水质原位高频监测技术
Table 1 Hydrological and water quality in-situ high-frequency monitoring technologies
技术采样频率监测指标优点局限性参考文献
多普勒剖面流速仪≥1 min水文参数快速、精度高、部署灵活易受环境干扰、维护成本高、数据处理复杂60-63
自动采样器≥1 min常规水质指标高效灵活、易于设置、维护成本低,允许设置不同的采样模式(定时或流量触发采样)样品数量有限、不能制冷,存在收集到的样品降解的问题、潜在电源问题可能影响采集样品的成功率64-66
雷达水位计≥1 s水文参数非接触式测量、精度高、抗干扰、安装方便、维护量小成本高、功耗大、安装环境要求高48
雷达流速仪≥1 s水文参数非接触式测量、精度高、适应复杂环境成本高、安装要求高、测量范围有限4667
光纤水质传感器≥1 s常规水质指标抗干扰、耐腐蚀,可实现多参数、无损监测成本高、灵敏度和响应速度有限68-69
紫外传感器(Ultraviolet Sensor,UV)实时至每小时常规水质指标成本适中、监测范围广、维护需求低易受光学干扰、需要定期维护校准、对环境条件敏感15
离子选择性传感器(Ion-Selective Electrode,ISE)秒级至每天常规水质指标成本较低、易于使用、可快速响应、不受颜色或浊度影响稳定性差、仪器漂移较大、维护复杂1570
湿化学分析仪每小时至每天常规水质指标精度高、可原位校准、响应较快设备成本较高,同时维护过程较为复杂,运行与管理费用较高;易结垢;需要试剂并产生废物1570
光学传感器毫秒级至小时级常规水质指标精度高、易于设置、维护成本低、可快速响应、可测量溶解有机物需要通过温度、pH、浊度、金属等对信号进行特定现场校正;成本高1570
陆基高光谱多参数水质近感监测仪(Ground-based Hyperspectral Polychromatic Water Quality Proximal Sensing Instrument,GHPSI)≥1 min常规水质指标多参数监测、精度高、适应复杂环境监测范围有限、成本较高、数据处理复杂1071-73
表2 常用原位高频水质监测仪
Table 2 Commonly used in-situ high-frequency water quality monitoring sensors
品牌产地监测指标优点局限性是否能够长期监测并存储数据价格区间参考文献
Hach美国pH、ORP、EC、TDS、DO、浊度和总悬浮物高精度,可靠性强,人机界面友好,支持多种参数测量价格较高,部分型号对操作环境和维护要求较高$10 000~$50 00074-75
YSI美国DO、EC、温度、pH、浊度、ORP、盐度、叶绿素、氨氮、硝酸盐氮和氯化物测量准确,易于校准;耐用性强,适合野外和实验室使用价格较高,部分型号功能单一$8 000~$40 0003476-77
Hanna Instruments意大利pH、ORP、EC、DO、饱和溶解氧、电阻率、TDS、盐度、海水比重、大气压强和温度便携式设计,防水,存储容量大部分型号功能单一,价格较高,部分仪器对操作环境和维护要求较高,需要专业人员操作和维护$2 500~ $15 00078
Thermo Scientific美国pH、EC、DO、温度、浊度、CODmn、CODcr、TP、TN、氨氮和重金属高精度,便携式设计,大屏幕显示价格较高,部分型号维护复杂$6 000~$40 00079
Hydrolab美国pH、DO、ORP、EC、温度、深度、浊度、叶绿素a、蓝绿藻、罗丹明、氨氮、硝酸盐氮和氯离子适应性强,可定制化,低功耗需要定期校准,部分型号价格较高$8 000~$50 00080-81
Myron L美国pH、EC、TDS、电阻率、ORP和温度防水设计,便携式,存储容量大价格较高,功能较为单一$300~$2 60082
Global Water美国pH、EC、DO、温度、浊度、ORP、水位和降雨量多参数测量,自动校准功能,适合长期监测价格较高,部分型号安装复杂$3 000~$40 00083
Teledyne ISCO美国流量、水位、水质以及采样器配合多种参数测量采样系统可靠,适合事件驱动监测设备相对复杂,价格偏高$5 000~$50 00084
InSitu美国pH、DO、ORP、EC、温度、浊度、深度、压力、叶绿素和蓝绿藻功耗低,适合长期原位部署,支持远程通讯,支持多传感器集成部分型号成本较高,需定期维护$2 500~$35 00085
Onset Computer Corporation美国温度、光照、水位、DO和EC性价比高,数据记录器性能优良,抗污性能强多参数支持有限,部分型号功能单一,测量范围有限;海水或高盐环境下需频繁校准$1 500~$50 00086
Turner Designs美国叶绿素、蓝绿藻、CDOM、浊度和石油类污染物荧光探头精度高,适用于水生态监测;灵敏度高,功耗低参数针对性强,不适用于综合水质监测;成本高,需定期维护$6 000~$50 00087
Systea意大利营养盐(NO3-、NO2-、NH4+、PO43-等)、COD和重金属全自动化分析,适合连续水质监测站系统复杂,对运维要求较高$5 000~$50 00088
bbe-Moldaenke德国藻类(蓝绿藻、绿藻等)、叶绿素、CDOM和BOD高灵敏度荧光法,适合水生态和藻类异常监测专用性强仅支持藻类相关,不适用于广泛物理化学指标监测;成本较高$6 000~$50 00089
Unidata澳大利亚水位、pH、EC、温度和气象参数功耗低,稳定性好参数拓展性较弱$5 000~$50 00090
Aqualabo法国pH、ORP、EC、DO、浊度、温度、COD、氨氮和硝酸盐多参数集成,便于维护与扩展,但需定期校准部分高端型号价格偏高$5 000~$50 00091
SeaBird Scientific美国EC、温度、深度、pH、DO、叶绿素、浊度和营养盐等数据精度高,稳定性好成本较高,体积较大不方便部署$6 000~$40 00092
雷磁中国pH、EC、DO、ORP、温度和水深价格低廉,操作简单,维护成本低抗干扰能力较弱;参数种类较少,无法扩展¥20 000~¥120 00093
力合科技中国pH、DO、EC、浊度、温度、TN、TP、氨氮和COD监测精度高,多参数集成,可自动化和远程控制,易于使用和维护部分高端型号价格偏高;数据存储容量有限,需定期维护校准;部分仪器配置较复杂,需要专业人员进行操作和维护¥5 000~¥100 00094
图1 原位高频监测技术流程图
Fig. 1 Flow chart of in-situ high-frequency monitoring technology
[42] 侯明华. 声学多普勒流速剖面仪测流系统及其在河口应用[J]. 人民长江1995(12): 58-60.
[43] Huo Shumei. Review on progress of acoustic Doppler flow measurement technology[J]. Meteorological Hydrological and Marine Instruments1998(4): 6-8.
霍树梅. 声学多普勒测流技术进展评述[J]. 气象水文海洋仪器1998(4): 6-8.
[44] Gong Zhen. Application research of intelligent water conservancy information systems in hydraulic engineering[J]. Waterborne Safety2024(23): 85-87.
龚振. 智慧水利信息化系统在水利工程的应用研究[J]. 水上安全2024(23): 85-87.
[45] Zhang Qi. Analysis of application of radar wave velocimeters in flow measurement of small and medium rivers[J]. Heilongjiang Science20178(2): 47-48.
张琦. 雷达波流速仪在中小河流流量测验中的应用分析[J]. 黑龙江科学20178(2): 47-48.
[46] Qin Fuqing. Application analysis of radar wave velocimeters in discharge measurement of small and medium rivers[J]. Water Conservancy Informatization2012(4): 42-48.
秦福清. 雷达波流速仪在中小河流流量测验中的应用分析[J]. 水利信息化2012(4): 42-48.
[47] Xu Haichao. Design of real-time water level monitoring system for waterways based on pressure sensors[J]. China Water Transport (Second Half)202020(24): 55-57, 60.
徐海潮. 基于压力式传感器的航道水位实时监测系统设计[J]. 中国水运(下半月)202020(24): 55-57, 60.
[48] Niu Ruiping, Zhang Jian, Wang Meiling, et al. Design of a new domestic radar water level gauge[J]. Water Conservancy Informatization2015(5): 34-38.
牛睿平, 张健, 王美玲, 等. 一种新型国产雷达水位计的设计[J]. 水利信息化2015(5): 34-38.
[49] Masoudimoghaddam M, Yazdi J, Shahsavandi M. A low-cost ultrasonic sensor for online monitoring of water levels in rivers and channels[J]. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation2025102: 102777.
[50] An Quan, Fan Ruiqi. Comparison and selection of commonly used water level sensors[J]. Water Conservancy Informatization2014(3): 52-54, 60.
安全, 范瑞琪. 常用水位传感器的比较和选择[J]. 水利信息化2014(3): 52-54, 60.
[51] Zhong Tao, Jin Ning, Gu Weibing, et al. Design of wireless network-based in-situ multi-parameter water-quality monitoring system[J]. Instrumentation Technology & Sensor2020(7): 62-66, 70.
钟涛, 金宁, 顾唯兵, 等. 基于无线网络的多参数原位水质监测系统设计[J]. 仪表技术与传感器2020(7): 62-66, 70.
[52] Perzan Z, Chapin T. WellSTIC: a cost-effective sensor for performing point dilution tests to measure groundwater velocity in shallow aquifers[J]. Water Resources Research202359(1): e2022WR033223.
[53] Liu Xiaofeng, Zhang Bin. Application of electromagnetic flowmeter in hydrological measurement[J]. Meteorological Hydrological and Marine Instruments2008(4): 47-49.
刘晓凤, 张滨. 电磁流速仪在水文测验中的应用[J]. 气象水文海洋仪器2008(4): 47-49.
[54] Liu B, Yan G X, Ma Y, et al. Measurement of in-situ flow rate in borehole by heat pulse flowmeter: field-case study and reflection[J]. Geosciences202313(5): 146.
[55] Li Minxin, Lu Xiang. Status and future trends of hydrological monitoring technologies under new paradigms[J]. Heilongjiang Water Conservancy Science & Technology202048(2): 257-260.
李敏欣, 鲁祥. 新模式下水文监测技术的现状及未来发展趋势[J]. 黑龙江水利科技202048(2): 257-260.
[1] Roy N, Sen I S, Boral S, et al. Isotope hydrograph separation reveals rainfall on the glaciers will enhance ice meltwater discharge to the Himalayan Rivers[J]. Water Resources Research202460(6): e2023WR034528.
[2] Yang Hongyu. Discussion on sustainable utilization of water resources by hydrology[J]. Technology Innovation and Application20177(13): 205.
杨宏宇. 关于水文对水资源可持续利用的探讨[J]. 科技创新与应用20177(13): 205.
[3] Du Pengyuan, Wu Zhaohui. Role and exploration of hydrological monitoring in sustainable water resource utilization[J]. Water Conservancy and Electric Power Technology & Application20246(17): 13-15.
杜鹏远, 吴朝晖. 水文监测在水资源可持续利用中的作用与探索[J]. 水利电力技术与应用20246(17): 13-15.
[4] Yu Li, Yu Kun. Study on problems and countermeasures in hydrological and water resources monitoring[J]. China Building Materials2024(8): 114-116.
于莉, 于锟. 水文水资源监测存在的问题及对策研究[J]. 中国建材2024(8): 114-116.
[5] Xu Zongxue, Li Jingyu. Progress in hydrological sciences: past, present and future[J]. Advances in Water Science201021(4): 450-459.
徐宗学, 李景玉. 水文科学研究进展的回顾与展望[J]. 水科学进展201021(4): 450-459.
[6] Luo Guangming. Importance of hydrological monitoring in sustainable water resource utilization[J]. Energy & Energy Conservation2022(1): 156-158.
罗光明. 水文监测在水资源可持续利用中的重要性[J]. 能源与节能2022(1): 156-158.
[7] Wan Zhonghua, Wu Yunzhi. Application solutions of water-quality monitoring technologies[J]. China Water Conservancy2004(1): 32-33.
万众华, 武云志. 水质监测技术的应用解决方案[J]. 中国水利2004(1): 32-33.
[56] Pan Liyun, Wang Yujue. Current status and strategies of big-data processing for hydrological and water-information[J]. Henan Water Conservancy & South-North Water Diversion202251(8): 93-94.
潘立云, 王玉珏. 水文水情信息大数据处理的现状及策略[J]. 河南水利与南水北调202251(8): 93-94.
[57] Tang Guoqiang, Long Di, Wan Wei, et al. Review and outlook of global water remote sensing technology and its applications[J]. Science China: Technological Sciences201545(10): 1 013-1 023.
唐国强, 龙笛, 万玮, 等. 全球水遥感技术及其应用研究的综述与展望[J]. 中国科学: 技术科学201545(10): 1 013-1 023.
[58] Cui Jianmin. Design of IoT-based hydrological monitoring system[J]. China New Technology & Products2023(11): 44-46.
崔建民. 基于物联网的水文监测系统设计[J]. 中国新技术新产品2023(11): 44-46.
[59] Acharya B S, Bhandari M, Bandini F, et al. Unmanned aerial vehicles in hydrology and water management: applications, challenges, and perspectives[J]. Water Resources Research202157(11): e2021WR029925.
[60] Liu Yanxiang. Development and application overview of ADCP technology[J]. Marine Surveying and Mapping201636(2): 45-49.
刘彦祥. ADCP技术发展及其应用综述[J]. 海洋测绘201636(2): 45-49.
[61] Cao Zhongyi, Sun Dajun, Zhang Zhixin, et al. Review of acoustic Doppler velocimetry technologies[J]. Journal of Harbin Engineering University202344(11): 1 914-1 926.
曹忠义, 孙大军, 张志鑫, 等. 声学多普勒测速技术综述[J]. 哈尔滨工程大学学报202344(11): 1 914-1 926.
[62] Deng Kai, Zhang Zhaowei, Yu Jianlin, et al. Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP): domestic and international advances[J]. Marine Information201934(4): 8-11.
邓锴, 张兆伟, 俞建林, 等. 声学多普勒流速剖面仪(ADCP)国内外进展[J]. 海洋信息201934(4): 8-11.
[63] Liu Dezhu. Research on key technologies of acoustic Doppler velocity measurement[D]. Harbin: Harbin Engineering University, 2010.
刘德铸. 声学多普勒流速测量关键技术研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工程大学, 2010.
[64] Qiu Xiaoyan, Liu Haichun. Reliability analysis of results from automatic water-quality samplers[J]. China Resources Comprehensive Utilization201937(11): 121-123.
邱小燕, 刘海春. 水质自动采样器采集水样的检测结果可靠性分析[J]. 中国资源综合利用201937(11): 121-123.
[65] Li Hong, Chen Tao. Calibration methods and uncertainty evaluation of automatic water-quality samplers[J]. Chemical Analysis & Metrology201827(1): 103-106.
黎虹, 陈涛. 水质自动采样器的校准方法及不确定度评定[J]. 化学分析计量201827(1): 103-106.
[66] Wu Debo, Chen Tao. Development of non-powered automatic water sampler[J]. Henan Water Conservancy & South-North Water Diversion202150(5): 72-73.
吴德波, 陈涛. 无动力自动水质取样器的研制[J]. 河南水利与南水北调202150(5): 72-73.
[67] Huang Yu, Chen Hua, Shi Shaoying, et al. Research progress on radar flow-measurement technologies[J]. Water Resources Research202110(6): 581-590.
黄煜, 陈华, 石绍应, 等. 雷达测流技术研究进展[J]. 水资源研究202110(6): 581-590.
[68] Wu Gang, Liu Yueming, Lou Jun. Research status and development trends of fiber-optic water-quality sensors[J]. Sensors & Microsystems201231(10): 6-8, 15.
吴刚, 刘月明, 楼俊. 光纤水质传感器的研究现状和发展趋势[J]. 传感器与微系统201231(10): 6-8, 15.
[69] Chen Hao, Liu Yueming, Zou Jianyu, et al. Research status and development trends of fiber-optic water-quality detection technologies[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress201552(3): 47-57.
[8] He Jie. Analysis of current status and development strategies of surface-water monitoring in environmental testing[J]. Leather Manufacturing & Environmental Protection Technology20234(23): 31-34.
何洁. 环境检测中地表水监测现状与发展对策分析[J]. 皮革制作与环保科技20234(23): 31-34.
[9] Jin Yajiao, Sun Shukun. Research on structure and function construction of digital hydrological and water-resource monitoring model[C]// Proceedings of the 12th China water ecology conference. Hangzhou: Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Hydraulics & Estuary Research, 2024: 8.
金亚娇, 孙枢坤. 数字化水文水资源监测模式结构及功能建构研究[C]// 第十二届中国水生态大会论文集. 杭州: 浙江省水利河口研究院, 2024: 8.
[10] Niu Yongkang, Zhang Yunlin, Zhang Yibo, et al. Impact of rainfall process on water quality of People’s Canal studied by land-based remote sensing[J]. China Environmental Science202343(1): 290-300.
牛永康, 张运林, 张毅博, 等. 基于陆基遥感研究降雨过程对人民渠水质影响[J]. 中国环境科学202343(1): 290-300.
[11] Bieroza M, Acharya S, Benisch J, et al. Advances in catchment science, hydrochemistry, and aquatic ecology enabled by high-frequency water quality measurements[J]. Environmental Science & Technology202357(12): 4 701-4 719.
[12] Zhang Yuming. Structure and function analysis of digital hydrological and water-resource monitoring model[J]. Pearl River Water Transport2023(13): 86-88.
张玉明. 数字化水文水资源监测模式结构及功能分析[J]. 珠江水运2023(13): 86-88.
[13] Kermorvant C, Liquet B, Litt G, et al. Understanding links between water-quality variables and nitrate concentration in freshwater streams using high frequency sensor data[J]. PLoS ONE202318(6): e0287640.
[14] Hong Rui. Strategies for applying automatic water-quality monitoring technologies in water environment protection[J]. Heilongjiang Environmental Bulletin202336(6): 148-150.
洪瑞. 水质自动监测技术在水环境保护中的应用策略探究[J]. 黑龙江环境通报202336(6): 148-150.
[69] 陈浩, 刘月明, 邹建宇, 等. 光纤水质检测技术的研究现状与发展趋势[J]. 激光与光电子学进展201552(3): 47-57.
[70] Park J, Kim K T, Lee W H. Recent advances in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and sensor technology for monitoring water quality[J]. Water202012(2): 510.
[71] Zhang Yunlin, Zhang Yibo, Li Na, et al. Catching rapid diurnal changes of Taihu cyanobacteria bloom by land-based hyperspectral remote sensing[J]. Lake Science202133(6): 1 951-1 960.
张运林, 张毅博, 李娜, 等. 利用陆基高光谱遥感捕捉太湖蓝藻水华日内快速变化过程[J]. 湖泊科学202133(6): 1 951-1 960.
[72] Yang Huayin, Zhang Yunlin, Li Na, et al. Quantifying wind effect on cyanobacteria bloom by high-frequency hyperspectral near-surface observations[J]. Lake Science202335(6): 1 927-1 939.
杨华音, 张运林, 李娜, 等. 基于高频高光谱近感观测量化风对蓝藻水华的影响[J]. 湖泊科学202335(6): 1 927-1 939.
[73] Qian Haiming, Zhang Yunlin, Li Na, et al. High-frequency monitoring of drinking-water source water quality during rainfall events in rivers[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences202332(3): 579-589.
钱海铭, 张运林, 李娜, 等. 典型降雨过程中河流饮用水源地水质高频监测研究[J]. 生态环境学报202332(3): 579-589.
[74] Hach. Water quality monitoring instruments and analyzers[EB/OL]. Hach.[2025-11-26]. .
[75] Hach. Hydrolab HL series: multiparameter water quality instruments [EB/OL]. Hach2024. [2025-11-26]. ›asset-get.download.jsa.
[76] YSI. Water quality sensors, meters, and monitoring equipment[EB/OL]. YSI Inc. [2025-11-26]. .
[77] YSI. EXO User Manual: Advanced Water Quality Monitoring Platform [EB/OL]. YSI Inc., 2024. [2025-11-26]. .
[15] Kumar M, Khamis K, Stevens R, et al. In-situ optical water quality monitoring sensors—applications, challenges, and future opportunities[J]. Frontiers in Water20246: 1380133.
[16] Zhu Ying. Development ideas for hydrological and water-resource monitoring in the new era[J]. Waterborne Safety2024(8): 68-70.
朱颖. 新时期水文水资源监测的发展思路[J]. 水上安全2024(8): 68-70.
[17] Cheng Lin, Liu Jinqing, Zhang Baohua. Overview of evolution of Chinese hydrology (Ⅰ)[J]. Hydrology201131(1): 17-21.
程琳, 刘金清, 张葆华. 中国水文发展历程概述(Ⅰ)[J]. 水文201131(1): 17-21.
[18] Du Lingying. Preliminary exploration of development of hydrological observation[J]. Beijing Water Conservancy2004(6): 50-51.
杜玲英. 水文观测的发展初探[J]. 北京水利2004(6): 50-51.
[19] Xu Zhanwei. Research and implementation of multi-parameter online water-quality sensor[D]. Wuhan: Wuhan University, 2012.
徐沾伟. 多参数在线水质传感器的研究与实现[D]. 武汉: 武汉大学, 2012.
[20] Zhang Haijun. Preliminary exploration of problems and construction for water-resource protection monitoring[J]. Soil and Water Conservation Application Technology2016(3): 40-43.
张海军. 水资源保护监测存在问题及建设初探[J]. 水土保持应用技术2016(3): 40-43.
[21] Zhang Zhen, Xu Feng, Wang Xin, et al. Advances in river-surface imaging velocimetry[J]. Journal of Instrumentation201536(7): 1 441-1 450.
[78] Instruments Hanna. Products[EB/OL]. Hanna Instruments.[2025-11-26]. .
[79] Scientific Thermo. Drinking water analysis: municipal drinking water treatment [R]. Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., 2014.
[80] Hach Company. Hydrolab DS5X, DS5, and MS5 water quality multiprobes user manual[Z]. 3rd ed. Loveland: Hach Company, 2006.
[81] HydroMet OTT. HYDROLAB HL series: data you can trust [EB/OL]. OTT HydroMet2024. [2025-11-26]. .
[82] Myron L Company. ULTRAMETER IITM Operation Manual: MODELS 6P & 4P [EB/OL]. Myron L Company2024. [2025-11-26]. .
[83] Xylem. Global water products[EB/OL]. Xylem Inc. [2025-11-26]. .
[84] Teledyne ISCO. 6712 Full-size portable sampler[EB/OL]. Teledyne ISCO.[2025-11-26]. .
[85] Inc In-Situ. Aqua TROLL 500 multiparameter sonde operator’s manual[EB/OL]. In-Situ Inc. [2025-11-26]. .
[86] Onset Computer Corporation Onset: HOBO data loggers for environmental monitoring[EB/OL]. Onset Computer Corporation.[2025-11-26]. .
[87] Younan L. Using turner designs’ C3 submersible or phytoflash active fluorometers for in vivo monitoring of algal fluorescence[Z/OL]. Turner Designs2014.[2025-11-26]. .
[88] Systea. Micromac: on-line analyzer for potable, surface and waste water monitoring[EB/OL]. Systea.[2025-11-26]. .
[89] Moldaenke bbe. FluoroProbe: Chlorophyll measurement with algae class differentiation[EB/OL]. bbe Moldaenke. [2025-11-26]. .
[90] Unidata Pty Ltd. Unidata dataloggers and products[EB/OL]. Unidata Pty Ltd. [2025-11-26]. .
[91] Aqualabo. Aqualabo water quality sensors and analysers[EB/OL]. [2025-11-26]. .
[92] Sea Bird Scientific. Sea bird scientific water quality monitoring products[EB/OL]. Sea Bird Scientific.[2025-11-26]. .
[93] 上海仪电科学仪器股份有限公司. 产品分类(产品中心)[EB/OL].[2025-11-26]. .
[94] 力合科技(湖南)股份有限公司. 产品中心(产品列表页)[EB/OL]. [2025-11-26]. .
[95] Von Freyberg J, Studer B, Kirchner J W. A lab in the field: high-frequency analysis of water quality and stable isotopes in stream water and precipitation[J]. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences201721(3): 1 721-1 739.
[96] Michelon A, Ceperley N, Beria H, et al. Hydrodynamics of a high Alpine catchment characterized by four natural tracers[J]. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences202327(7): 1 403-1 430.
[97] Lim H S, Munksgaard N C, Bird M I. Revisiting Michael Bonell’s work on humid tropical rainforest catchments: isotope tracers reveal seasonal shifts in catchment hydrology[J]. Hydrological Processes202236(10): e14722.
[98] Rozemeijer J, Jordan P, Hooijboer A, et al. Best practice in high-frequency water quality monitoring for improved management and assessment: a novel decision workflow[J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment2025197(4): 353.
[99] Moraetis D, Efstathiou D, Stamati F, et al. High-frequency monitoring for the identification of hydrological and bio-geochemical processes in a Mediterranean river basin[J]. Journal of Hydrology2010389(1/2): 127-136.
[100] Moraetis D, Stamati F, Kotronakis M, et al. Identification of hydrologic and geochemical pathways using high frequency sampling, REE aqueous sampling and soil characterization at Koiliaris Critical Zone Observatory, Crete[J]. Applied Geochemistry201126: S101-S104.
[101] Wade A J, Palmer-Felgate E J, Halliday S J, et al. Hydrochemical processes in lowland rivers: insights from in situ, high-resolution monitoring[J]. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences201216(11): 4 323-4 342.
[21] 张振, 徐枫, 王鑫, 等. 河流水面成像测速研究进展[J]. 仪器仪表学报201536(7): 1 441-1 450.
[22] Wu Zhiyong, Xu Liang, Tang Yunyi, et al. Research advances in online flow monitoring methods at hydrological stations[J]. Water Resources Protection202036(4): 1-7.
吴志勇, 徐梁, 唐运忆, 等. 水文站流量在线监测方法研究进展[J]. 水资源保护202036(4): 1-7.
[23] Wu Xiaoming. Review on the development of hydrological instruments at home and abroad[J]. Hydrology1988(3): 59-61.
吴晓明. 国内外水文仪器发展综述[J]. 水文1988(3): 59-61.
[24] Anon. Current status and development of hydrological instruments[J]. Automation in Hydrology and Water Resources1999(3): 4-17.
佚名. 水文仪器现状与发展[J]. 水利水文自动化1999(3): 4-17.
[25] Liu Zhiyu. Construction and achievements of China’s hydrological monitoring, forecasting and early warning system[J]. China Flood & Drought Prevention201929(10): 25-29.
刘志雨. 我国水文监测预报预警体系建设与成就[J]. 中国防汛抗旱201929(10): 25-29.
[26] Doty R D. A portable, automatic water sampler[J]. Water Resources Research19706(6): 1 787-1 788.
[27] Wilson T P, Miller C V, Lechner E A. Guidelines for the use of automatic samplers in collecting surface-water quality and sediment data[M]. Reston: U.S. Geological Survey, 2024: 89.
[28] Harmel R D, Preisendanz H E, King K W, et al. A review of data quality and cost considerations for water quality monitoring at the field scale and in small watersheds[J]. Water202315(17): 3110.
[29] Clark L C, Lyons C. Electrode systems for continuous monitoring in cardiovascular surgery[J]. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences1962102(1): 29-45.
[102] Qin Yongquan. Application of automatic water-quality monitoring technology in water environment protection[J]. Rural Science Experiment2025(6): 60-62.
覃永泉. 水质自动监测技术在水环境保护中的应用[J]. 农村科学实验2025(6): 60-62.
[103] Shi Pengcheng, Zhu Guangwei, Li Wei, et al. Spatial-temporal variation of algal communities in Qiandao Lake based on high-frequency monitoring[J]. Environmental Science Research202235(4): 908-917.
史鹏程, 朱广伟, 李未, 等. 基于高频监测的千岛湖湖心藻类时空变化研究[J]. 环境科学研究202235(4): 908-917.
[104] Qin Boqiang, Zhu Guangwei, Zhang Yunlin, et al. Application of high-frequency wireless automatic monitoring technologies in lake cyanobacteria bloom monitoring and prediction[J]. Scientific Research Informatization Technology & Application20101(3): 61-70.
秦伯强, 朱广伟, 张运林, 等. 高频无线自动监测技术在湖泊蓝藻水华监测和预测中的应用[J]. 科研信息化技术与应用20101(3): 61-70.
[105] Jomaa S, Aboud I, Dupas R, et al. Improving nitrate load estimates in an agricultural catchment using event response reconstruction[J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment2018190(6): 330.
[106] Yue F J, Li S L, Waldron S, et al. Rainfall and conduit drainage combine to accelerate nitrate loss from a karst agroecosystem: insights from stable isotope tracing and high-frequency nitrate sensing[J]. Water Research2020186: 116388.
[107] Wei Xiaoshu, Chen Yuanhang, Chang Ming, et al. Progress in watershed water pollution monitoring and source-tracing technologies[J]. China Environmental Monitoring202238(5): 27-37.
魏潇淑, 陈远航, 常明, 等. 流域水污染监测与溯源技术研究进展[J]. 中国环境监测202238(5): 27-37.
[108] Hu Guanjiu, Zhou Chunhong, Li Yiqiang, et al. Drinking-water environmental safety issues and countermeasures in Jiangsu Province[J]. China Environmental Monitoring2005(5): 49-51.
胡冠九, 周春宏, 厉以强, 等. 江苏省饮用水环境安全问题及对策研究[J]. 中国环境监测2005(5): 49-51.
[30] Lin J. Recent development and applications of optical and fiber-optic pH sensors[J]. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry200019(9): 541-552.
[31] Kirchner J W, Feng X H, Neal C, et al. The fine structure of water-quality dynamics: the (high-frequency) wave of the future[J]. Hydrological Processes200418(7): 1 353-1 359.
[32] Yu Quan, Sun Huiming, Wang Guian. Sensors for measuring dissolved oxygen[J]. Journal of Natural Science of Heilongjiang University1995(3): 61-64.
于泉, 孙慧明, 王贵安. 测定溶解氧用传感器[J]. 黑龙江大学自然科学学报1995(3): 61-64.
[33] Song Shouxiang. A sensor for water-dissolved oxygen concentration and its application[J]. Automation and Instrumentation1994(6): 7-8.
宋寿祥. 一种水中溶解氧浓度传感器及其应用[J]. 自动化与仪表1994(6): 7-8.
[34] Jinquan Instruments (Qingdao) Co., Ltd. YSI automatic vertical water quality monitoring system from the USA[J]. China Water Resources2006(13): 71.
金泉仪器(青岛)有限公司. 美国YSI水质垂直剖面自动监测系统[J]. 中国水利2006(13): 71.
[35] Zhao Xiande, Dong Daming, Gao Zhen, et al. Design of portable multi-parameter optical water-quality detector[J]. Instrumentation Technology & Sensor2020(1): 53-57, 121.
赵贤德, 董大明, 高振, 等. 便携式多参数光学水质检测仪设计[J]. 仪表技术与传感器2020(1): 53-57, 121.
[36] Song Yiran, Hu Jingfang, Zou Xiaoping, et al. Application of electrochemical sensors in detection of heavy metals in water quality[J]. Sensor World201723(12): 17-23.
宋怡然, 胡敬芳, 邹小平, 等. 电化学传感器在水质重金属检测中的应用[J]. 传感器世界201723(12): 17-23.
[109] Shi Bin, Jiang Jiping, Wang Peng, et al. Sudden pollution early warning based on high-frequency online water-quality data anomalies[J]. China Environmental Science201737(11): 4 394-4 400.
史斌, 姜继平, 王鹏. 基于高频在线水质数据异常的突发污染预警[J]. 中国环境科学201737(11): 4 394-4 400.
[110] Qing Lü, Gu Junqiang, Xu Shiqin, et al. Application of water-pattern early warning and source-tracing technology in surface-water quality monitoring[J]. China Environmental Monitoring201531(1): 152-156.
吕清, 顾俊强, 徐诗琴, 等. 水纹预警溯源技术在地表水水质监测的应用[J]. 中国环境监测201531(1): 152-156.
[111] Yang Linpei, Li Jinwen, Shen Genxiang, et al. Characteristics of pollutant output from rain-runoff in dryland based on high-frequency data[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agriculture202436(2): 391-403.
杨林沛, 李金文, 沈根祥, 等. 基于高频数据的旱地降雨径流污染物输出特征研究[J]. 浙江农业学报202436(2): 391-403.
[112] Zhuang Y H, Wen W J, Ruan S H, et al. Real-time measurement of total nitrogen for agricultural runoff based on multiparameter sensors and intelligent algorithms[J]. Water Research2022210: 117992.
[113] Chen G, Zhang W S, Liu X, et al. Development and application of a multi-centre cloud platform architecture for water environment management[J]. Journal of Environmental Management2023344: 118670.
[114] Gu Guangyu, Zhang Kui. Some problems in ion-selective electrode analysis[J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science2004(1): 3-5.
顾光煜, 张葵. 离子选择电极分析中的若干问题[J]. 临床检验杂志2004(1): 3-5.
[115] Rinke K, Kuehn B, Bocaniov S, et al. Reservoirs as sentinels of catchments: the rappbode reservoir observatory (Harz Mountains, Germany)[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences201369(2): 523-536.
[116] Dadi T, Rinke K, Balzer L, et al. High-frequency soluble reactive phosphorus in-situ analysis in lakes[J]. Ecological Indicators2023157: 111221.
[117] Li C L, Jiang C L, Zhu G W, et al. Estimation of water quality parameters with high-frequency sensors data in a large and deep reservoir[J]. Water202012(9): 2632.
[118] Wenyi Da, Zhu Guangwei, Li Yunxiang, et al. High-frequency variations of water quality and algal community structure in the estuary of Xin’anjiang Reservoir[J]. Environmental Science202041(2): 713-727.
笪文怡, 朱广伟, 黎云祥, 等. 新安江水库河口区水质及藻类群落结构高频变化[J]. 环境科学202041(2): 713-727.
[119] Wang Xiao, Pang Yong, Shen Chunqi, et al. Optimization of transboundary water-environment dynamic monitoring station layout in Taihu basin[J]. Water Resources Protection201733(5): 130-137.
王晓, 逄勇, 沈春其, 等. 太湖流域跨界水环境动态监测点位优化布局[J]. 水资源保护201733(5): 130-137.
[120] Chen Weiwei, Mou Yun, Ke Hang, et al. Hydrological monitoring analysis at Cuntan station during the 2020 major flood in the upper Yangtze River[J]. Water Resources Research202211(3): 294-301.
陈薇薇, 牟芸, 柯航, 等. 2020年长江上游大洪水寸滩站水文监测分析[J]. 水资源研究202211(3): 294-301.
[121] Wang W C, Zhang T G, Yao T D, et al. Monitoring and early warning system of Cirenmaco glacial lake in the central Himalayas[J]. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction202273: 102914.
[122] State Oceanic Administration People’s Republic of China. Journal of China ocean level information 2010[R]. Beijing: State Oceanic Administration, 2011.
国家海洋局. 中国海洋水位信息通报 2010[R]. 北京: 国家海洋局, 2011.
[123] Chu Minghua, Du Xiaohe, He Bingshun. China’s water and drought disaster defense and response[J]. Water Conservancy Development Research202424(8): 1-8.
褚明华, 杜晓鹤, 何秉顺. 我国水旱灾害防御应对[J]. 水利发展研究202424(8): 1-8.
[124] Wu Zebin, Tian Jiyang, Liu Ronghua, et al. Flood-disaster nowcasting and early warning[J]. China Flood & Drought Prevention202434(12): 41-45.
吴泽斌, 田济扬, 刘荣华, 等. 山洪灾害临近预报预警技术及实践应用[J]. 中国防汛抗旱202434(12): 41-45.
[125] Löscher L, Nordbeck R. Switzerland’s transition from flood defence to flood-adapted land use—a policy coordination perspective[J]. Land Use Policy202095: 103873.
[126] De Camargo E T, Spanhol F A, Slongo J S, et al. Low-cost water quality sensors for IoT: a systematic review[J]. Sensors202323(9): 4424.
[127] Wei Linhe. Development and application of shipborne ADCP: principle analysis and field comparison tests[J]. Gansu Water Conservancy & Hydropower Technology202460(6): 6-13, 52.
魏林合. 走航ADCP原理解析和实战比测结果研究[J]. 甘肃水利水电技术202460(6): 6-13, 52.
[128] Delgado A, Briciu-Burghina C, Regan F. Antifouling strategies for sensors used in water monitoring: review and future perspectives[J]. Sensors202121(2): 389.
[129] Alam A U, Clyne D, Deen M J. A low-cost multi-parameter water quality monitoring system[J]. Sensors202121(11): 3775.
[130] Goblirsch T, Mayer T, Penzel S, et al. In situ water quality monitoring using an optical multiparameter sensor probe[J]. Sensors202323(23): 9545.
[131] Guezouli L, Guezouli L, Djeghaba M B E, et al. IoT and AI for real-time water monitoring and leak detection[J]. Journal of Renewable Energies202427(2): 243-281.
[132] Dharmarathne G, Abekoon A M S R, Bogahawaththa M, et al. A review of machine learning and Internet-of-things on the water quality assessment: methods, applications and future trends[J]. Results in Engineering202526: 105182.
[133] Guan Lei. Discussion on informatization and intelligence development trends in hydrological and water resources management[C]// Hohai University,Zhejiang Institute of Hydraulics & Estuary(Zhejiang Institute of Marine Planning and Design),Zhejiang Hydraulic Society. Proceedings of the 12th China water ecology conference. Upper Yellow River Bureau of Hydrology and Water Resources,Yellow River Conservancy Commission2024: 1 360-1 366.
[37] Wang Xin, Jin Qinghui, Zou Jie, et al. Research of fork-finger electrode sensor applied in water-quality detection[J]. Wireless Communication Technology202029(3): 56-61.
王昕, 金庆辉, 邹杰, 等. 一种应用于水质检测的叉指电极传感器的研究[J]. 无线通信技术202029(3): 56-61.
[38] Shang Jingyu, Tang Yuhong. Research progress of dissolved oxygen sensors[J]. Micro & Nano Electronics Technology201451(3): 168-175, 202.
尚景玉, 唐玉宏. 溶解氧传感器研究进展[J]. 微纳电子技术201451(3): 168-175, 202.
[39] Yang Suying, Yin Jingpeng, Zhong Chongquan, et al. Research and implementation of pH intelligent measurement technology[J]. Instrumentation Technology & Sensor2003(10): 7-9, 35.
杨素英, 尹景鹏, 仲崇权, 等. pH智能测量技术的研究及实现[J]. 仪表技术与传感器2003(10): 7-9, 35.
[40] Zhou Mingjun, You Jia, Qin Hao, et al. Overview of conductivity sensor development[J]. Sensors & Microsystems201029(4): 9-11.
周明军, 尤佳, 秦浩, 等. 电导率传感器发展概况[J]. 传感器与微系统201029(4): 9-11.
[41] Mahmud M A P, Ejeian F, Azadi S, et al. Recent progress in sensing nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, and ammonium in aquatic environment[J]. Chemosphere2020259: 127492.
[42] Hou Minghua. Flow measurement system of ADCP and its application in estuary[J]. Yangtze River1995(12): 58-60.
[133] 关磊. 水文水资源管理信息化与智能化发展趋势探讨[C]// 河海大学,浙江省水利河口研究院(浙江省海洋规划设计研究院),浙江省水利学会.第十二届中国水生态大会论文集. 黄河水利委员会上游水文水资源局, 2024: 1 360-1 366.
[134] Wang Zhidong, Gao Bo. Application research of internet of things in hydrology[C]// Proceedings of the 12th China hydrology informatization technology forum. Fugu Hydrology and Water Resources Survey Bureau of the Yellow River Conservancy Commission, Ningxia-Inner Mongolia Hydrology and Water Resources Bureau of the Yellow River Conservancy Commission, 2024: 811-816.
王志东,高博. 物联网技术在水文中应用研究[C]//第十二届中国水利信息化技术论坛论文集. 黄河水利委员会府谷水文水资源勘测局, 黄河水利委员会宁蒙水文水资源局,2024: 811-816.
[1] 原世伟, 李新, 杜二虎. 多主体建模在水资源管理中的应用:进展与展望[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(9): 899-910.
[2] 贺缠生, 田杰, 张宝庆, 张兰慧. 土壤水文属性及其对水文过程影响研究的进展、挑战与机遇[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(2): 113-124.
[3] 熊永兰, 张志强, 刘志辉, 程国栋. 基于科学知识图谱的水文化变迁研究方法探析[J]. 地球科学进展, 2014, 29(1): 92-103.
[4] 任庆福, 杨志勇, 李传哲, 张天雪. 变化环境下作物蒸散研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2013, 28(11): 1227-1238.
[5] 贺缠生. 流域科学与水资源管理[J]. 地球科学进展, 2012, 27(7): 705-711.
[6] 程国栋.赵传燕. 西北干旱区生态需水研究[J]. 地球科学进展, 2006, 21(11): 1101-1108.
[7] 刘昌明. “黄河流域水资源演化规律与可再生性维持机理”研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2006, 21(10): 991-998.
[8] 周国逸,黄志宏. 中国大陆面向生态的水资源管理与调控战略[J]. 地球科学进展, 2002, 17(3): 435-440.
阅读次数
全文


摘要