锂同位素地球化学在大陆地热体系研究中的应用

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2020.013

地球科学进展 ›› 2020, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (3): 246 -258. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2020.013

余小灿(

),刘成林,王春连

中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所，自然资源部成矿作用与资源评价重点实验室，北京 100037

收稿日期:2019-10-29 修回日期:2020-01-17 出版日期:2020-03-10
基金资助:
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目“华南中新生代蒸发岩盆地卤水钾锂成矿机理”(KY1603);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目“中国陆块海相成钾规律及预测研究”(2011CB403007)

Application of Lithium Isotope Geochemistry to the Study of the Continental Geothermal System

Xiaocan Yu( ),Chenglin Liu,Chunlian Wang

MLR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment, Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China

Received:2019-10-29 Revised:2020-01-17 Online:2020-03-10 Published:2020-04-10
About author:Yu Xiaocan (1988-), male, Jingmen City, Hubei Province, Postdoctoral fellow. Research areas include underground brine-type potassium and lithium deposits and geochemistry. E-mail: xiaocany1988@163.com
Supported by:
the Central Public Welfare Scientific Research Basic Scientific Research Business Expenses “Metallogenic mechanism of potassium and lithium in brines in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic evaporite basins in South China”(KY1603);The State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China “Mineralization regularity and prediction of potash deposits of marine basins in Chinese microplate”(2011CB403007)

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盐湖富锂（Li）卤水是世界锂产品的主要原材料，而大陆高盐度地热流体常含有较高浓度的Li。大陆地热体系是地热形成机理研究的重点，由于岩石的复杂性较少受到关注，且该领域Li同位素应用研究尚未得到较为系统的认识。论述了近年来Li同位素地球化学在大陆地热研究中的最新应用和进展，提出了该领域研究存在的问题，并展望了未来的研究方法与方向。大陆地热流体研究应高度重视Li-B-Sr-U多同位素方法的应用，同时也应结合不同温度条件下的水岩反应实验研究。并且，未来大陆地热体系研究更应重视各类沉积物/岩石Li同位素组成及其时空分布特征、储层岩石矿物学以及水岩反应过程中次生矿物形成时的Li同位素行为研究，以期揭示地热体系中复杂的流体演化机制，为该体系内Li资源的勘查、开发和利用提供科学的参考。

关键词: 锂同位素, 分馏机制, 多同位素, 地热流体, 水岩反应

The lithium-rich brine in salt lakes is the main raw material of the world’s lithium products, while the continental geothermal fluids with a high salinity often contain a high concentration of lithium. Continental geothermal system is the focus in the study of geothermal formation mechanism. However, less attention is paid to the system due to the complexity of lithology, and the application of lithium isotopes in this field has not been systematically recognized. The newest application and progress of lithium isotope geochemistry in continental geothermal research in recent years were discussed, the problems in this field were put forward, and future research methods and directions were expected. The study of continental geothermal fluids should attach great importance to the application of Li-B-Sr-U multi-isotopic method, and should also be combined with water-rock reaction experiments under different temperature conditions. Moreover, in the future, the research on continental geothermal system should pay more attention to the various sediment/rock lithium isotopic compositions and their spatio-temporal distribution characteristics in the regional or geothermal field’s scales, mineralogy of reservoir rock, and behaviors of lithium isotopes related to the formation of secondary minerals in the process of water-rock interaction, in order to reveal the complex process of fluid evolution in the geothermal system and provide scientific reference for the exploration, exploitation and utilization of lithium resources in the system.

Key words: Li isotopes, Fractionation mechanism, Multiple isotopes, Geothermal fluids, Water-rock interaction

中图分类号:

P597

表1 天然水体中 Li元素含量及其同位素组成

Table 1 Concentration of lithium and its isotopic composition in natural waters

水体类型	来源	Li/（μg/L）	δ⁷Li/‰	参考文献
海水	太平洋	175	+31.8±1.9	[ 80 ]
	海水标样BCR-403	185	+31.0±0.1	[ 83 ]
	西印度马尾藻海	180	+32.4±1.0	[ 89 ]
	日本海		+29.6±0.2	[ 90 ]
河水	长江	0.02~0.65	7.6~28.1	[ 33 ]
	亚马孙河	0.67	22.1	[ 91 ]
	密西西比河	2.6	16.7	[ 91 ]
雨水	法国	0.0006~0.0420	3.2~95.6	[ 92 ]
	青海大柴达木	1	29.4	[ 93 ]
	美国夏威夷	0.075	14.3	[ 63 ]
雪水	青海大柴达木	8	13.3	[ 93 ]
	阿尔卑斯山	0.005~0.007		[ 94 ]
	南极	≤0.05		[ 95 ]
盐湖卤水	死海	13 600	34.4	[ 23 ]
	青海大柴达木湖	117 000~227 000	22.2±1.5	[ 93 ]
	青海柴达木盆地	720~408 830	9.21~40.66	[ 96 ]
	加拿大地盾	40~4 350	33.2~41.8	[ 41 ]
	南美	80 000~7 000 000	9.0~13.3	[ 19 , 97 ]
大陆地热水	青海大柴达木湖热泉	2 340~3 250	2.29~4.33	[ 93 , 96 ]
	云南—西藏地热带	4 240~25 000		[ 97 ]
	湖北江陵凹陷	48 000~65 000		[ 98 , 99 ]
	美国Mono盆地热泉	292~1 490	3.0~17.1	[ 100 ]
	法国中央高原	52~153 000	-0.1~10.9	[ 43 , 101 ]
	法属群岛	0.5~10 100.0	3.8~7.8	[ 38 ]
	新西兰陶波火山带	200~32 500	-3~2	[ 102 , 103 ]
	美国黄石公园	270~6 500	1.0~6.5	[ 104 ]
	日本御岳火山区	0.57~2 370.00	-5.17~12.60	[ 105 ]
	南美安第斯山脉	7 000~147 400	1.4~18.4	[ 18 ]
海底热液	Lau扩张中心和Juan de Fuca海岭	100~10 000	5~11	[ 106 , 107 ]

表1 天然水体中 Li元素含量及其同位素组成

Table 1 Concentration of lithium and its isotopic composition in natural waters

水体类型	来源	Li/（μg/L）	δ⁷Li/‰	参考文献
海水	太平洋	175	+31.8±1.9	[ 80 ]
	海水标样BCR-403	185	+31.0±0.1	[ 83 ]
	西印度马尾藻海	180	+32.4±1.0	[ 89 ]
	日本海		+29.6±0.2	[ 90 ]
河水	长江	0.02~0.65	7.6~28.1	[ 33 ]
	亚马孙河	0.67	22.1	[ 91 ]
	密西西比河	2.6	16.7	[ 91 ]
雨水	法国	0.0006~0.0420	3.2~95.6	[ 92 ]
	青海大柴达木	1	29.4	[ 93 ]
	美国夏威夷	0.075	14.3	[ 63 ]
雪水	青海大柴达木	8	13.3	[ 93 ]
	阿尔卑斯山	0.005~0.007		[ 94 ]
	南极	≤0.05		[ 95 ]
盐湖卤水	死海	13 600	34.4	[ 23 ]
	青海大柴达木湖	117 000~227 000	22.2±1.5	[ 93 ]
	青海柴达木盆地	720~408 830	9.21~40.66	[ 96 ]
	加拿大地盾	40~4 350	33.2~41.8	[ 41 ]
	南美	80 000~7 000 000	9.0~13.3	[ 19 , 97 ]
大陆地热水	青海大柴达木湖热泉	2 340~3 250	2.29~4.33	[ 93 , 96 ]
	云南—西藏地热带	4 240~25 000		[ 97 ]
	湖北江陵凹陷	48 000~65 000		[ 98 , 99 ]
	美国Mono盆地热泉	292~1 490	3.0~17.1	[ 100 ]
	法国中央高原	52~153 000	-0.1~10.9	[ 43 , 101 ]
	法属群岛	0.5~10 100.0	3.8~7.8	[ 38 ]
	新西兰陶波火山带	200~32 500	-3~2	[ 102 , 103 ]
	美国黄石公园	270~6 500	1.0~6.5	[ 104 ]
	日本御岳火山区	0.57~2 370.00	-5.17~12.60	[ 105 ]
	南美安第斯山脉	7 000~147 400	1.4~18.4	[ 18 ]
海底热液	Lau扩张中心和Juan de Fuca海岭	100~10 000	5~11	[ 106 , 107 ]

图1 大陆地热体系Li同位素组成特征
数据来源：海底热液来自参考文献[ 38 , 106 , 107 ]；法国地热水来自参考文献[ 101 ]；新西兰地热水来自文献[ 102 , 103 ]；法属群岛地热水来自参考文献[ 38 ]；美国Mono盆地地热水来自参考文献[ 100 ]；南美安第斯山脉地热水来自参考文献[ 18 ]；日本御岳火山地区地热水来自参考文献[ 105 ]

Fig. 1 Characteristics of lithium isotopic compositions in continental geothermal system
Data source: Submarine hydrothermal fluids from references [38,106,107]; Geothermal waters in France, New Zealand, French Islands, America, South America and Japan from references [101], [102,103], [38], [100], [18] and [105] respectively

图2 大陆地热流体与海底热液Li同位素值统计特征
数据来源：海底热液来自参考文献[ 38 , 106 , 107 ]；大陆地热水来自参考文献[18,38,100~103,105]

Fig. 2 Statistical characteristics of lithium isotopic compositions in continental geothermal and submarine hydrothermal fluids
Data source: Hydrothermal fluids from references [38,106,107]; Continental geothermal waters from references [18,38,101~103,105]

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