地球科学进展

地球科学进展 ›› 2020, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (3): 231 -245. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2020.014

综述与评述 上一篇    下一篇

欧亚海盆大西洋水输运过程及热释放研究进展
吴延俊 1( ),赵进平 1, 2( )   
  1. 1.中国海洋大学海洋与大气学院, 山东 青岛 266100
    2.物理海洋教育部重点实验室, 山东 青岛 266100
  • 收稿日期:2019-12-17 修回日期:2020-02-20 出版日期:2020-03-10
  • 通讯作者: 赵进平 E-mail:jpzhao@ouc.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金重点项目“北极快速变化的能量过程研究”(41941012);国家自然科学基金项目“北欧海多种流态的耦合作用及其对北冰洋和北大西洋的外溢影响”(41976022)

Thermosteresis and Transportation of Atlantic Water Along Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean

Yanjun Wu 1( ),Jinping Zhao 1, 2( )   

  1. 1.College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
    2.Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China
  • Received:2019-12-17 Revised:2020-02-20 Online:2020-03-10 Published:2020-04-10
  • Contact: Jinping Zhao E-mail:jpzhao@ouc.edu.cn
  • About author:Wu Yanjun (1996-), male, Nanping City, Fujian Province, Master student. Research areas include polar physical oceanography. E-mail： wuyanjun_ouc@126.com
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China “Study on the energy processes related to the Arctic rapid change(41941012┫” and “The coupling processes of multiple flows in Nordic Seas and their spillover influence on the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans ┣41976022┫”)
全文 ( 19 ) 下载PDF ( 1329 )

温暖的大西洋水进入北冰洋后，通过热量释放影响海洋和大气环境。在欧亚海盆，大西洋水深度浅，其热量释放是海冰融化的重要热源，也是海冰减退和北极放大的关键因素。大西洋水输送的环流结构没有变化，而是通过流速的变化改变热量输送的效率。大西洋水在流动过程中通过湍流运动、冬季对流和双扩散三大物理机制向上释放热量而降温。近年来，大西洋水热量增加并将暖信号向北冰洋内部输送，进而影响下游加拿大海盆的海洋过程。增暖的热源来自弗拉姆海峡的异常暖事件，体现为北欧海挪威大西洋流水温长期变化因素与低频振荡因素的共同作用。

关键词: 大西洋水, 欧亚海盆, 海冰减退, 热量释放

It is summarized based on previous studies that warm and salty Atlantic Water (AW) brings huge amount of heat into Arctic Ocean and influences oceanic heat distribution and climate. Both heat transportation and heat release of AW are key factors affecting the thermal process in Eurasian Basin. The Arctic circumpolar boundary current is the carrier of AW, whose flow velocity varies to influence the efficiency of the warm advection. Because the depth of AW in Eurasian Basin is much shallower than that in Canadian Basin, the upward heat release of AW is an important heat source to supply sea ice melting. Turbulent mixing, winter convention and double-diffusion convention constitute the main physical mechanism for AW upward heat release, which results in the decrease of the Atlantic water core temperature during its spreading along the boundary current. St. Anna Trough, a relatively narrow and long trough in northern continental shelf of Kara Sea, plays a key role in remodeling temperature and salinity characteristics of AW, in which the AW from Fram Strait enters the trough and mixes with the AW from Barents Sea. Since the 21st Century, AW in the Arctic Ocean has experienced obvious warming and had the influence on the physical processes in downstream Canada Basin, which is attributed to the anomalous warming events of AW inflowing from the Fram Strait. It is inferred that the warming AW is dominated by a long-term warming trend superimposed on low frequency oscillation occurring in the Nordic Seas and North Atlantic Ocean. As the Arctic Ocean is experiencing sea ice decline and Arctic amplification, the role of AW heat release in response to the rapid change needs further investigation.

Key words: Atlantic water, Eurasian Basin, Sea ice melting, Heat release

中图分类号: 

图 1 NABOS布放的主要潜标和温盐深仪（Conductivity,Temperature,Depth,CTD）断面观测站点分布[1]
M1、M3、M5和M9分别表示不同的潜标组
Fig. 1 Locations of mooring,buoys,CTD（Conductivity,Temperature,Depth）lines and oceanographic sections about NABOS[1]
M1，M3，M5 and M9 represent different mooring series
图2 北冰洋大西洋水入流示意图[13]
箭头表示大西洋水输运方向，红色和蓝色箭头分别表示大西洋入流水中的弗拉姆海峡分支和巴伦支海分支
Fig. 2 Map of the inflow region of Atlantic Water (AW) to the Arctic Ocean[13]
Arrows trace the Atlantic Water (AW) pathways, red and blue arrows show the Fram Strait and Barents Sea branches, respectively
图3 喀拉海北部圣安娜海槽内大西洋水环流示意图[13]
黄色箭头表示始终沿陆坡边缘输运的弗拉姆海峡分支水，红色箭头表示弗拉姆海峡分支水在圣安娜海槽内环流路径
Fig. 3 Map of the northern Kara Sea showing the St. Anna Trough (ST)[13]
Arrows show the Fram Strait branch of the AW inflow into the Arctic Ocean, which recirculates in the ST (red arrows) and follows
the continental margin (yellow arrows)
图4 大西洋水输运过程中正压流结构（a）和斜压流结构（b）维持原因[29]
Fig. 4 Schematic of boundary current structure for (a) barotropic case and (b) baroclinic case[29]
图5 大西洋水核心变化示意图
（a）跨陆坡冬季风导致表层离岸流，大西洋水核心向岸移动；（b）夏季大西洋水核心又回到最初的位置 [53]
Fig. 5 Sketch of proposed seasonal shift of the Atlantic Water core
(a)Cross-slope winter wind causes off-shore surface current, which moves the AW core toward the shelf;(b) In summer, the Atlantic Water core relaxes back to its initial position [53]
表1 圣安娜海槽东侧出流中 3个水团的基本情况
Table 1 The basic circumstances of three water masses on the eastern flank of St. Anna Trough
水团 温度/℃ 盐度/psu 密度/(kg/km3) 来源 贡献
圣安娜海槽回流弗拉姆海峡分支水 >0 34.75~34.95 27.85 沿海槽西侧进入的FSBW变性 补充进入北冰洋内的下盐跃层
低大西洋水含量的巴伦支海分支水 <0 >34.75 28.00 BSBW与局地陆架水体混合
高大西洋水含量的巴伦支海分支水 >0 >34.90 28.04 BSBW核心部分 为深层提供大西洋水
图6 欧亚海盆大陆边缘上的“大西洋化”示意图[20]
红色箭头表示大西洋的热量的输运
Fig. 6 Sketch of “Atlantification” of the Eurasian Basin continental margin in recent years[20]
Red arrows represent transport of Atlantic water heat
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