云贵高原北盘江流域构造地貌特征分析

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2018.07.0751

地球科学进展 ›› 2018, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (7): 751 -761. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2018.07.0751

云贵高原北盘江流域构造地貌特征分析

樊云龙 ^1, ²(

), 潘保田 ^1, ^*(

), 胡振波 ¹, 任大银 ², 陈起伟 ², 刘芬良 ¹, 李宗盟 ¹

1.兰州大学资源环境学院西部环境教育部重点实验室,甘肃兰州 730000
2.贵州师范学院地理与资源学院贵州省地理国情监测重点实验室,贵州贵阳 550018

收稿日期:2017-12-05 修回日期:2018-04-17 出版日期:2018-07-20
通讯作者: 潘保田 E-mail:fanyunlongpeng@163.com;panbt@lzu.edu.cn
基金资助:
*国家自然科学基金项目“红水河上游北盘江峡谷发育与演化研究”(编号:41501006);贵州省社发攻关项目“喀斯特生态系统固碳增汇技术研究”(编号:黔科合SY字[2012]3009)资助.

An Analysis of Tectonic Geomorphologic Characteristics of the Beipanjiang Basin in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau

Yunlong Fan ^1, ²( ), Baotian Pan ^1, ^*( ), Zhenbo Hu ¹, Dayin Ren ², Qiwei Chen ², Fenliang Liu ¹, Zongmeng Li ¹

1.Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
2.Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic State Monitoring, School of Geography and Resource Science, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, China

Received:2017-12-05 Revised:2018-04-17 Online:2018-07-20 Published:2018-08-30
Contact: Baotian Pan E-mail:fanyunlongpeng@163.com;panbt@lzu.edu.cn
About author:
First author:Fan Yunlong(1983-),male,Jingle County,Shanxi Province,Ph.D student. Research areas include geomorphology and environment. E-mail:fanyunlongpeng@163.com
Supported by:
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China“The study on the development and evolution of Beipan River Gorge in the upper reaches of Hongshui River”(No41501006);The Guizhou Provincial Social Development Project “Study of the technology of carbon sequestration in karst ecosystem”(No[2012]3009).

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云贵高原位于青藏高原东南侧,新生代以来伴随着青藏高原的隆升而发生了一系列构造抬升运动。北盘江发源于滇东,自西北向东南流经云贵高原向广西丘陵过渡的斜坡地带。选取北盘江作为研究区,通过提取流域河流地貌参数来研究新构造运动,定量化分析研究区的构造地貌特征。利用30 m分辨率的数字高程模型(DEM)数据,通过GIS技术提取北盘江水系流域的河流地貌参数,包括子流域的面积高程积分(HI)、流域盆地倾斜指数(AF)、河长阶梯指数(SL)、谷底宽度与谷肩高度比(VF)等,并综合分析区域地质构造背景、断层及地震分布等特征。分析表明:4种地貌参数能很好地反映区域构造运动和地貌特征;垭都—紫云断裂在内的一系列断层系统对北盘江中游地区的河流地貌、水系格局、河谷形态等起到了控制性的作用;北盘江流域的地貌演化过程受地质构造作用影响较大,且区域差异明显。

关键词: 地貌参数, 构造地貌, 数字高程模型(DEM), 北盘江, 云贵高原

The Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, located on the southeast boundary of the Tibet Plateau, is the second geomorphologic step in China continent. The large area tilting tectonic deformation occurred in this plateau with the uplift of the Tibet plateau since the Cenozoic. The Beipanjiang River rises in eastern Yunnan Province and southeastward across the slope zone from the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau to the Guangxi Plain, and goes into the Hongshui River by the Wangmo in Guizhou Province. Due to the southeastward extrusion by the Tibetan Plateau, deep incised-valleys formed in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, which have the characteristics of developed fault, complicated geological structure and rugged terrain. The Cenozoic evolution history of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and the response to the uplifting of Tibet Plateau are unclear because of the lack of sedimentation records, and also this has long been a bottleneck to geomorphologic evolution research. Based on DEM data and GIS software, we extracted the geomorphic indexes which included hypsometric integral [HI], drainage basin asymmetry [AF], stream-length gradient index [SL], and valley floor width-to-height ratio [VF]. The results show that four geomorphic indexes can reflect the regional tectonic movement and topographical features. The geomorphology of Beipanjiang Basin is controlled by tectonic action mainly, especially the Yadu-Ziyun Fracture has great impact on the formation of valleys and the development of water system greatly.

Key words: Geomorphic indexes, Tectonic geomorphologic, Digital Elevation Model(DEM), Beipanjiang River, The Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau.

中图分类号:

P542
P931.2

图1 北盘江流域岩性分布图 ^{[

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Fig.1 Geological map of Beipanjiang River watershed ^{[

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图1 北盘江流域岩性分布图 ^{[

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Fig.1 Geological map of Beipanjiang River watershed ^{[

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图2 北盘江流域HI值 1.巧墓河;2.望谟河;3.巴若河;4.红纳河;5.打邦河;6.落蟒河;7.罗秧河;8.沙营河;9.洒志河;10.茅口河;11.补那河;12.古牛河;13.野钟河;14.杨梅河;15.发耳河;16.都格河;17.可渡河;18.宝山河;19.龙场河;20.革香河;21.东山河;22.亦那河;23.拖长江;24.营盘河;25.顺场河;26.乌都河;27.文笔河;28.新民河;29.麻布河;30.光照河;31.西泌河;32.麻沙河;33.乜篾河;34.龙弄河;35.花江河;36.牛场河;37.者相河;38.白层河;39.鲁贡河;40.大田河;41.者楼河

Fig.2 The distribution of hypsometric integral classes 1.Qiaomuhe; 2.Wangmohe; 3.Baruohe; 4.Hongnahe; 5.Dabanghe; 6.Luomanghe; 7.Luoyanghe; 8.Shayinghe; 9.Sazhihe; 10.Maokouhe; 11.Bunahe;12.Guniuhe; 13.Yezhonghe; 14.Yangmeihe; 15.Faerhe; 16.Dugehe; 17.Keduhe; 18.Baoshanhe; 19.Longchanghe; 20.Gxianghe; 21.Dongshanhe;22.Yinahe; 23.Tuochangjiang; 24.Yingpanhe; 25.Shunchanghe; 26.Wuduhe; 27.Wenbihe; 28.Xinminhe; 29.Mabuhe;30.Guangzhaohe; 31.Ximihe; 32.Mashahe; 33.Miemiehe; 34.Longnonghe; 35.Huangjianghe; 36.Niuchanghe;37.Zhexianghe; 38.Baicenghe; 39.Lugonghe; 40. Datianhe; 41.Zhelouhe

图3 北盘江流域AF值及倾向

Fig.3 The distribution of AF

图3 北盘江流域AF值及倾向

Fig.3 The distribution of AF

图4 北盘江SL指数

Fig.4 The distribution of SL

图4 北盘江SL指数

Fig.4 The distribution of SL

图5 北盘江谷底宽度与谷肩比值分布

Fig.5 The distribution of Vf ratios

图5 北盘江谷底宽度与谷肩比值分布

Fig.5 The distribution of Vf ratios

图6 北盘江典型河谷照片 (a)北盘江上游宣威盆地河谷;(b)北盘江上游都格镇附近河谷;(c)北盘江中游郎岱三角形构造区河谷;(d)北盘江中游花江峡谷

Fig.6 Field imagery and typical valley sections of the Beipanjiang River (a)Xuanwei Basin in the upper reaches of Beipanjiang River; (b)Duge Town in the upper reaches of Beipanjiang River; (c)Langdai triangle structure in the middle reaches of Beipanjiang River; (d)Huajiang Gorge in the middle reaches of Beipanjiang River

图6 北盘江典型河谷照片 (a)北盘江上游宣威盆地河谷;(b)北盘江上游都格镇附近河谷;(c)北盘江中游郎岱三角形构造区河谷;(d)北盘江中游花江峡谷

图7 垭都—紫云断裂带综合剖面图 ^{[

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Fig.7 Yadu-Ziyun Fracture zone profile ^{[

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图7 垭都—紫云断裂带综合剖面图 ^{[

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Fig.7 Yadu-Ziyun Fracture zone profile ^{[

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图8 北盘江区域构造简图(地震数据引自《中国地震信息网》) (a)郎岱三角形构造区;(b)花江峡谷区

Fig.8 Sketch map showing tectonic geology in Beipanjiang watershed(The seismic data from China Seismic Information) (a)Langdai triangle structure; (b)Huajiang Gorge

图8 北盘江区域构造简图(地震数据引自《中国地震信息网》) (a)郎岱三角形构造区;(b)花江峡谷区

Fig.8 Sketch map showing tectonic geology in Beipanjiang watershed(The seismic data from China Seismic Information) (a)Langdai triangle structure; (b)Huajiang Gorge

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