[1]Allen E. Forest health assessment in Canada [J].Ecosystem Health,2001, 7(1): 28-34. [2]World Health Organization. Constitution of the World Health Organization [EB/OL].http:∥policy.who.int/cgi-bin/om_isapi.dll?hitsperheading=on&infobase=basicdoc&jump=Constitution&softpage=Document42#JUMPDEST_Constitution,2011. [3]Vitousek P M, Mooney H A, Lubchenco J,et al. Human domination of Earth′s ecosystems [J].Science, 1997, 277(5 325): 494-499. [4]Hester R E, Harrison R M. Global Environmental Change [M]. Issues in Environmental Science and Technology, No.17. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2002. [5]Zhou Zongcan. Environmental Medicine [M].Beijing: China Environmental Science Press,2001: 7-10. [周宗灿. 环境医学 [M]. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 2001:7-10.] [6]Zeng Dehui, Jiang Fengqi, Fan Zhiping,et al. Ecosystem health and hustainable development for human [J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,1999, 10(6): 112-117. [曾德慧, 姜凤岐, 范志平, 等. 生态系统健康与人类可持续发展 [J]. 应用生态学报, 1999, 10(6): 112-117.] [7]Thompson J N, Reichman O J, Morin P J,et al. Frontiers of ecology [J].BioScience, 2001, 51(1): 15-24. [8]Shang Yuchang. General Ecology (Second Edition) [M]. Beijing: Peking University Press, 2002: 1-5. [尚玉昌. 普通生态学(第二版) [M]. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2002:1-5.] [9]Shrader-Frechette K S. Ecosystem health: A new paradigm for ecological assessment? [J].Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 1994, 9(12): 456-457. [10]Rapport D J, Böhm G, Buckingham D,et al. Ecosystem health: The concept, the iseh, and the important tasks ahead [J].Ecosystem Health, 1999, 5(2): 82-90. [11]Rapport D J, Costanza R, McMichael A J. Assessing ecosystem health [J].Trends in Ecology & Evolution,1998, 13(10): 397-402. [12]Costanza R, d'Arge R, de Groot R,et al. The value of the world′s ecosystem services and natural capital [J].Nature,1997,387(6 630): 253-260. [13]Rapport D J. What constitute ecosystem health? [J].Perspectives in Biology and Medicine,1989, 33: 120-132. [14]Callicott J B. Aldo leopold′s metaphor [C]∥Costanza R, Norton B G,Haskell B D,eds. Ecosystem Health: New Goals for Environmental Management. Washington DC: Island Press,1992: 42-56.[15]Ren Hai, Wu Jianguo, Peng Shaolin,et al. Evaluation and monitoring of ecosystem healthy [J].Tropical Geography, 2000, 20(4): 68-74. [任海, 邬建国, 彭少麟. 生态系统健康的评估[J]. 热带地理, 2000, 20(4): 68-74.] [16]Rapport D J, Riegier H A, Hutchinson T C. Ecosystem behavior under stress [J].American Naturalist, 1985, 125: 617-640. [17]Rapport D J, Thorpe C, Regier H A. Ecosystem medicine [J].Bulletin of the Ecological Society of American, 1979, 60: 180-182. [18]Liu Jianjun, Wang Wenjie, Li Chunlai,et al. Research review on ecosystem health [J].Research of Environmental Sciences, 2002, 15(1): 41-44. [刘建军, 王文杰, 李春来. 生态系统健康研究进展 [J]. 环境科学研究, 2002, 15(1): 41-44.] [19]Schaeffer D J, Herricks D E, Adwin E,et al. Ecosystem health: I. Measuring ecosystem health [J].Environmental Management,1988, 12: 445-455. [20]Costanza R, Mageau M. What is a healthy ecosystem? [J].Aquatic Ecology, 1999, 33: 105-115. [21]Costanza R, Norton B G, Haskell B D. Ecosystem Health: New Goals for Environmental Management [M]. Washington DC: Island Press, 1992. [22]Kay J, Schneider E D. Embracing complexity, the challenge of the ecosystem approach [J].Alternatives, 1994, 20(3): 32-38. [23]Lee B J, Regier H A, Rapport D J. Ten ecosystem approaches to the planning and management of the Great Lakes [J].Journal of Great Lakes Research,1982, 8(3): 505-519. [24]Lu F, Li Z. A model of ecosystem health and its application [J].Ecological Modelling, 2003, 170(1): 55-59. [25]Milsky D J. A Conceptual Analysis of Ecosystem Health [M].Chicago: University of Illinois at Chicago,2004. [26]Norton B G. A new Paradigm for environmental management[C]∥Costanza R, Norton B G,Haskell B D,eds. Ecosystem Health: New Goals for Environmental Management. Washington DC: Island Press,1992: 23-41. [27]Odum E P. Trends expected in stressed ecosystems [J].BioScience,1985, 35: 419-422. [28]Palmer M A, Bernhardt E S, Chornesky E A,et al. Ecological Science and Sustainability for a Crowded Planet: 21st Century Vision and Action Plan for the Ecological Society of America [R].The Ecological Society of America,2004. [29]Costanza R, Mageau M. What is a healty ecosystem? [J].Aquatic Ecology,1999, 33: 105-115. [30]Rapport D J. Defining ecosystem health [C]∥Rapport D J, Costanza R, Epstein P R,eds. Ecosystem Health. Oxford: Blackwell Science Inc.,1998: 18-33. [31]Howard J, Rapport D. Ecosystem health in professional education: The path ahead [J].EcoHealth, 2004, 1(S1): 3-7. [32]Costanza R, Jørgensen S E. Conclusion [C]∥Costanza R,Jørgensen S E,eds. Understanding and Solving Environmental Problems in the 21st Century: Toward a New, Integrated Hard Problem Science. Amsterdam: Elsevier,2002: 218-221. [33]Rapport D J, Hilden M, Weppling K. Restoring the health of the Earth's ecosystems: A new challenge for the earth sciences [J].Episodes, 2000, 23(1): 12-19. [34]Rapport D J, Lee V. Ecosystem Health: Coming of age in professional curriculum [J].EcoHealth, 2004, 1(S1): 8-11. [35]Fairweather P G. State of environment indicators of ‘River Health’: Exploring the metaphor [J].Freshwater Biology, 1999, 41(2): 211-220. [36]Haskell B D, Norton B G, Costanza R. What is ecosystem health and why should we worry about it? [C]∥Costanza R, Norton B G,Haskell B D,eds. Ecosystem Health: New Goals for Environmental Management. Washington DC: Island Press,1992: 3-20. [37]Reynoldson T B, MEtcalfe-Smith J L. An overview of the assessment of aquatic ecosystem health using benthic invertebrates [J]. Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Health, 1992, 1: 295-308. [38]Ryder R A. Ecosystem health, a human perception: Definition, detection, and the dichotomousk [J].Journal of Great Lakes Research, 1990, 16(4): 619-624. [39]Hilty J, Merenlender A. Faunal indicator taxa selection for monitoring ecosystem health [J].Biological Conservation, 2000, 92(2): 185-197. [40]Shear H. The development and use of indicators to assess the state of ecosystem health in the Great Lakes [J].Ecosystem Health, 1996, 2: 241-258. [41]Shear H, Stadler-Salt N, Bertram P, et al.The development and implementation of indicators of ecosystem health in the Great Lakes Basin [J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2003, 88: 119-152. [42]Costanza R. Toward an operational definition of ecosystem health [C]∥Costanza R, Norton B G,Haskell B D,eds. Ecosystem Health: New Goals for Environmental Management. Washington DC: Island Press,1992: 239-256. [43]Stolte K W. 1996 National Technical Report on Forest Health [R]. Washington DC: USDA Forest Service,1997. [44]Stone C, Old K, Kile G,et al. Forest health monitoring in Australia: National and regional commitments and operational realities [J].Ecosystem Health,2001, 7(1): 48-58. [45]Suter G W. Critique of ecosystem health concepts and indexes [J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 1993, 12(9):1 533-1 539. [46]Tait J T P, Cresswell I D, Lawson R,et al. Auditing the health of Australia's ecosystems [J].Ecosystem Health, 2000, 6(2): 149-163. [47]Calow P. Ecosystem not optimized [J].Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Health,1993, 2: 55. [48]Boulton A J. An overview of river health assessment: Philosophies, practice, problems and prognosis [J].Freshwater Biology, 1999, 41: 469-479. [49]Wichert G A, Rapport D J. Fish community structure as a measure of degradation and rehabilitation of riparian systems in an agricultural Drainage Basin [J].Environmental Management,1998, 22(3): 425-443. [50]Wicklum D, Davies R W. Ecosystem health and integrity? [J].Canadian Journal of Botany, 1995, 73(7): 997-1 000. [51]Bertollo P. Assessing ecosystem health in governed landscapes: A framework for developing core indicators [J].Ecosystem Health, 1998, 4(1): 33-51. [52]Wrona F J, Cash K J. The ecosystem approach to environmental assessment: Moving from theory to practice [J].Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Health,1996, 5: 89-97. [53]Xu F L, Lam K C, Zhao Z Y,et al. Marine coastal ecosystem health assessment: A case study of the Tolo Harbour, Hong Kong, China [J].Ecological Modelling, 2004, 173(4): 355-370. [54]Xu F L, Zhao Z Y, Zhan W,et al. An ecosystem health index methodology (Ehim) for lake ecosystem health assessment [J].Ecological Modelling, 2005, 188(2/4):327-339. [55]Xu Fuliu, Tao S, Dawson R W,et al. Lake ecosystem health assessment: Indicators and methods [J].Water Research, 2001, 35(13): 3 157-3 167. [56]Kong Hongmei. Theory and Indicator System of Forest Ecosystem Health Assessment [D]. Beijing:Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2002. [孔红梅. 森林生态系统健康理论与评价指标体系研究 [D].北京:中国科学院生态环境研究中心,2002.] [57]Kong Hongmei, Zhao Jingzhu, Ma Keming,et al. Assessment method of ecosystem health [J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2002,13(4): 104-108. [孔红梅, 赵景柱, 马克明, 等. 生态系统健康评价方法初探 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2002,13(4): 104-108.] [58]Daily G C, Soderqvist T, Aniyar S,et al. The value of nature and the nature of value [J].Science, 2000, 289(5 478): 395-396. [59]Li Wenhua, Zhao Jingzhu. Progresses and Perspectives of Ecological Research [M]. Beijing: China Meteorological Press, 2004. [李文华,赵景柱. 生态学研究的回顾与展望 [M]. 北京: 气象出版社, 2004.] [60] Li Jin, An Shuqing, Cheng Xiaoli,et al. Advances in assessment of ecosystem health [J].Journal of Plant Ecology, 2001, 25(6): 641-647. [李瑾, 安树青, 程小莉, 等. 生态系统健康评价的研究进展 [J]. 植物生态学报, 2001, 25(6): 641-647.] [61]Kay J. A non-equilibrium thermodynamic framework for discussing ecosystem integrity [J].Environmental Management, 1991, 15(4): 483-495. [62]Calow P. Critics of ecosystem health misrepresented [J].Ecosystem Health, 2000, 6(1): 3-4. [63]Ji Lanzhu. Research on ecosystem health [M]∥Li Wenhua, Zhao Jingzhu, eds. Progresses and Perspectives of Ecological Research. Beijing: China Meteorological Press,2004: 453-481. [姬兰柱. 生态系统健康研究 [M]∥李文华,赵景柱,编著.生态学研究的回顾与展望. 北京: 气象出版社,2004: 453-481.] [64]Cui Baoshan, Yang Zhifeng. Research review on wetland ecosystem health [J].Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2001, 20(3): 31-36. [崔保山,杨志峰. 湿地生态系统健康研究进展[J]. 生态学杂志, 2001, 20(3): 31-36.] [65]Zhang Jiaen, Luo Shiming. Basic content and evaluation index system of agro-ecosystem health [J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2004,15(8): 174-177. [章家恩,骆世明. 农业生态系统健康的基本内涵及其评价指标 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2004,15(8): 174-177.] [66]Calow P. Can ecosystems be healthy? Critical consideration of concepts [J].Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Stress and Recovery (Formerly Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Health),1992, 1(1): 1-5.[67]Cairns J, Jr McCormick P V, Niederlehner B R. A proposed framework for developing indicators of ecosystem health [J].Hydrobiologia, 1993, 263: 1-44. [68]Zhang Zhicheng, Niu Haishan, Ouyang Hua,et al. Ecosystem health: Concept analysis [J].Resources Science,2005, 27(1): 136-145. [张志诚, 牛海山, 欧阳华. “生态系统健康”内涵探讨 [J]. 资源科学, 2005, 27(1): 136-145.] [69]Yang Zhifeng, Cui Baoshan, Liu Jingling,et al. Research on Theory, Method and Practices of Ecological Environment Water Demand [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2003. [杨志峰, 崔保山, 刘静玲,等.生态环境需水量理论、方法与实践 [M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2003.] [70]Jiang Weigou, Li Jing, Li Jiahong, et al. Assessment of wetland ecosystem health in the Liaohe River Delta [J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005, 25(3): 408-414. [蒋卫国, 李京, 李加洪, 等. 辽河三角洲湿地生态系统健康评价 [J]. 生态学报, 2005, 25(3): 408-414.] [71]Lu Jianjian. Estuarine Ecology [M]. Beijing: Maritime Press, 2003. [陆健健.河口生态学 [M]. 北京: 海洋出版社, 2003.] [72]Ma Keming, Kong Hongmei, Guan Wenbin,et al. Ecosystem health assessment: Methods and directions [J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2001,21(12): 150-160. [马克明, 孔红梅, 关文彬, 等. 生态系统健康评价:方法与方向 [J]. 生态学报, 2001,21(12): 150-160.] [73]Zeng Yong, Shen Genxiang, Huang Shenfa, et al.Assessment of urban ecosystem health in Shanghai [J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2005,14(2):208-212. [曾勇, 沈根祥, 黄沈发, 等. 上海城市生态系统健康评价 [J].长江流域资源与环境,2005.14(2):208-212.] [74]Yan Li, Wang Jinkeng, Huang Hao,et al. An assessment of ecosystem health in Dongxi River Basin based on PSR framework [J].Resources Science,2008, 30(1):107-113. [颜利, 王金坑, 黄浩. 基于PSR框架模型的东溪流域生态系统健康评价 [J].资源科学,2008, 30(1)107-113.] [75]Marshall I,Hirvonen H, Wiken E. “National and regional scale measures of Canada′s ecosystem health” in Woodley [C]∥Kay S, Francis J, G,eds. Ecological Integrity and the Management of Ecosystems: St. Lucie Press,1993:117-130. |