[1] Manabe S, Stouffer R J. Century scale effects of increased atmospheric CO2 on the ocean atmosphere system[J].Nature,1993, 364: 215-218. [2] Hodell D A, VenzCurtis K A. Late Neogene history of deepwater ventilation in the Southern Ocean[J].Geochemistry Geophysic,Geosystem,2006, 7,Q09001,doi:10.1029/2005GC001211. [3] Ravelo A C, Andreasen D H. Enhanced circulation during a warm period[J].Geophysics Research Letters,2000, 27: 1 001-1 004. [4] Boyle E A. Cadmium and δ13C paleochemical ocean distributions during the stage 2 glacial maximum[J].Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1992, 20: 245-287. [5] Hillaire-Marcel C, De Vernal A. Proxies in Late Cenozoic Paleoceanography[M]. UK: Elsevier, 2007: 645-671. [6] Raymo M E, Hodell D, Jansen E. Response of deep ocean circulation to initiation of northern hemisphere glaciation (3-2 Ma)[J].Paleoceanography,1992, 7: 645-672. [7] Frank M. Radiogenic isotopesI: Tracers of past ocean circulation and erosion input[J].Reviews of Geophysics,2002, 40: 1-38. [8] Charles C D, Fairbanks R G. Evidence from Southern Ocean sediments for the effect of North Atlantic Deep Water flux on climate[J].Nature,1992,355:416-419. [9] Goldstein S J, Jacobsen S B. The Nd and Sr isotopic systematics of river-water dissolved material: Implications for the sources of Nd and Sr in seawater[J].Chemical Geology,1987, 66: 245-272. [10] Oxburgh R. Variations in the osmium isotope composition of seawater over the past 200 000 years[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1998, 159: 183-191. [11] Ravizza G, Norris G N, Blusztajn J, et al. An osmium isotope excursion associated with the late paleocene thermal maximum: Evidence of intensified chemical weathering[J].Paleoceanography, 2001, 16: 155-163. [12] Oxburgh R. Residence time of osmium in the ocean[J].Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems,2001,2(6):1018,doi:10.1029/2000GC000104. [13] Levasseur S, Birck J L, Allegre C J. Direct measurement of femtomoles of osmium and 187Os/186Os ratio in seawater[J].Science,1998, 282: 272-274. [14] Godfrey L V, White W M, Salters V J M. Dissolved zirconium and hafnium across a shelf break in the NE Atlantic[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1996, 60:3 995-4 006. [15] McKelvey B A, Orians K J. The determination of dissolved zirconium and hafnium from seawater using isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry[J].Marine Chemistry,1998, 60: 245-255. [16] Godfrey L V, Lee D C, Sangrey W S, et al. The Hf isotopic composition of ferromanganese nodules and crusts and hydrothermal manganese deposits: Implications for seawater Hf[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1997, 151: 91-105. [17] White W, Patchett P J, Ben Othman D. Hf isotope ratios of marine sediments and Mn nodules[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1986, 79: 46-54. [18] Henderson G M,Maier-Reimer E. Advection and removal of 210Pb and stable lead isotopes in the oceans: A general circulation model study[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2002, 66: 257-272. [19] DePaolo D J, Wasserburg G J. Nd isotopic variations and petrogenetic models[J].Geophysics Research Letters,1976, 3: 248-252. [20] Dopieralska J. Reconstructing seawater circulation on the Moroccan shelf of Gondwana during the Late Devonian: Evidence from Nd isotope composition of conodonts[J].Geochemistry Geophysic,Geosystem,2009, 10: 1-13. [21] Halliday A N, Davidson J P, Holden P, et al. Metalliferous sediments and the scavenging residence time of Nd near hydrothermal vents[J].Geophysics Research Letters,1992, 19: 761-764. [22] Tachikawa K, Jeandel C, Dupre B. Distribution of rare earth elements and neodymium isotopes in settling particulate material of the tropical Atlantic Ocean (Eumel site)[J].Deep Sea Research I,1997, 44: 1 769-1 792. [23] Tachikawa K, Jeandel C, Roy-Barman M. A new approach to the Nd residence time in the ocean: The role of atmospheric inputs[LJ].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1999, 170: 433-446. [24] Greaves M J, Elderfield H, Sholkovitz E R. Aeolian sources of rare earth elements to the Western Pacific Ocean[J].Marine Chemistry,1999, 68: 31-38. [25] Jones C E, Halliday A N, Rea D K, et al. Neodymium isotopic variations in North Pacific modern silicate sediment and the insignificance of detrital REE contributions to seawater[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1994, 127: 55-66. [26] Ingri J, Widerlund A, Land M, et al. Temporal variations in the fraction of the rare earth elements in a boreal river: The role of colloidal particles[J].Chemical Geology,2000, 166: 23-45. [27] Andersson P, Dahlqvist R, Ingri J, et al. The isotopic composition of Nd in a boreal river: A reflection of selective weathering and colloidal transport[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2001, 65: 521-527. [28] Lacan F, Jeandel C. Tracing Papua New Guinea imprint on the central Equatorial Paciflc Ocean using neodymium isotopic compositions and Rare Earth Element patterns[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2001,186: 497-512. [29] Jeandel C,Thouron D, Fieux M. Concentrations and isotopic compositions of neodymium in the eastern Indian Ocean and Indonesian Straits[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1998, 62:2597-2 607. [30] Goldstein S L, O′Nions R K, Hamilton P J. A Sm-Nd isotopic study of atmospheric dusts and particulates from major river systems[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1984, 70: 221-236. [31] Jeandel C, Bishop J K, Zindler A. Exchange of neodymium and its isotopes between seawater and small and large particles in the Sargasso Sea[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1995, 59: 535-547. [32] Broecker W S , Gerard R, Ewing M, et al. Natural radiocarbon in the Atlantic Ocean[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1960, 65: 2 903-2 931. [33] Piepgras D J, Wasserburg G J, Dasch E J. The isotopic composition of Nd in different water masses[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1979, 45: 223-236. [34] Piepgras D J, Wasserburg G J. Isotopic composition of neodymium in waters from the Drake Passage[J].Science,1982, 217: 207-214. [35] Piepgras D J, Wasserburg G J. Rare earth transport in the western North Atlantic inferred from isotopic observations[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1987, 51: 1 257-1 271. [36] Jeandel C. Concentration and isotopic composition of Nd in the Southern Atlantic Ocean[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1993, 117: 581-591. [37] Piepgras D J, Jacobsen S B. The isotopic composition of neodymium in the North Pacific[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1988, 52: 1 373-1 381. [38] Bertram C J, Elderfield H. The geochemical balance of the rare earth elements and neodymium isotopes in the oceans[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1993, 57:1 957-1 986. [39] Ling H F, Burton K W, O′Nions R K, et al. Evolution of Nd and Pb isotopes in Central Pacific seawater from ferromanganese crusts[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1997, 146:1-12. [40] Burton K W , Ling, O′Nions R K. Closure of the Central American Isthmus and its effect on deep water formation in the North Atlantic[J].Nature,1997, 386: 382-385. [41] O′Nions R K, Frank M, von Blanckenburg F, et al. Secular variation of Nd and Pb isotopes in ferromanganese crusts from the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1998, 155: 15-28. [42] Scher H D, Martin E E. Circulation in the Southern Ocean during the Paleogene inferred from neodymium isotopes[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2004, 228: 391-405. [43] Reynolds B C, Frank M, O′Nions R K. Nd-and Pb-isotope time series from Atlantic ferromanganese crusts: Implications for changes in provenance and paleocirculation over the last 8 Myr[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1999, 173: 381-396. [44] Frank M, Whiteley N, van de Flierdt T, et al. Nd and Pb isotope evolution of deep water masses in the eastern Indian Ocean during the past 33 Myr[J].Chemical Geology,2006, 226: 264-279. [45] Abouchami W, Goldstein S L, Galer S L G, et al. Secular changes of lead and neodymium in central Pacific seawater recorded by a Fe-Mn crust[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1997, 61:395- 3974. [46] Bock B, LiebrauI V, Eisenhauer A, et al. Nd isotope signature of Holocene Baltic Mn/Fe precipitates as monitor of climate change during the Little Ice Age[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2004, 69: 2 253-2 263. [47] Piotrowski A W, Goldstein S L, Hemming S R, et al. Intensification and variability of ocean thermohaline circulation through the last deglaciation[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2004, 225: 205-220. [48] Bayon G, German C R, Burton K W, et al. Sedimentary Fe Mn oxyhydroxides as paleoceanographic archives and the role of aeolian flux in regulating oceanic dissolved REE[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2004, 224: 477-492. [49] Gutjahr M, Frank M, Stirling C H, et al. Reliable extraction of a deepwater trace metal isotope signal from Fe Mn oxyhydroxide coatings of marine sediments[J].Che mical Geology,2007, 242: 351-370. [50] Dopieralska J. Reconstructing seawater circulation on the Moroccan shelf of Gondwana during the Late Devonian: Evidence from Nd isotope composition of conodonts[J].Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems,2009, 10: 1-13. [51] Thomas D J, Bralower T J, Jones C E. Neodymium isotopic reconstruction of late Paleocene-early Eocene thermohaline circulation[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2003, 209: 309-322. [52] Martin E E, Haley B A. Fossilfish teeth as proxies for seawater Sr and Nd isotopes[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2000, 64: 835-847. [53] Martin E E, Scher H D. Preservation of seawater Sr and Nd isotopes in fossil Øshteeth: Bad news and good news[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2004, 220: 25-39. [54] Vance D, Scrivner A E, Beney P, et al. The use of foraminifera as a record of the past neodymium isotope composition of seawater[J].Paleoceanograpgy,2004, 19: 1-17. [55] Klevenz V, Vance D, Schmidt D N, et al. Neodymium isotopes in benthic foraminifera: Core-top systematic and a down-core record from the Neogene south Atlantic[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2008, 265: 571-587. [56] Burton K W, Vance D. Glacial nterglacial variations in the neodymium isotope composition of seawater in the Bay of Bengal recorded by planktonic foraminifera[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2005, 176: 425-441. [57] Stoll H M, Vance D, Arevalos A. Records of the Nd isotope composition of seawater from the Bay of Bengal: Implications for the impact of Northern Hemisphere cooling on ITCZ movement[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2007, 255: 213-228. [58] Pomies C, Davies G R, Conan S M H. Neodymium in modern foraminifera from the Indian Ocean: Implications for the use of foraminiferal Nd isotope compositions in paleo-oceanography[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2002, 203: 1 031-1 045. [59] Piotrowski A W, Goldstein S L, Hemming S R, et al. Oscillating glacial northern and southern deep water formation from combined neodymium and carbon isotopes[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2008, 272: 394-405. [60] Kocsis L, Vennemann T W, Hegner E, et al. Constraints on Miocene oceanography and climate in the Western and Central Paratethys: O, Sr, and Nd isotope compositions of marine fish and mammal remains[J].Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology,2009, 271: 117-129. |