内陆河高寒山区流域分布式水热耦合模型（Ⅱ）：地面资料驱动结果

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2006.08.0819

地球科学进展 ›› 2006, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (8): 819 -829. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2006.08.0819

陈仁升,康尔泗,吕世华,吉喜斌,阳勇,张济世

中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所，甘肃兰州 730000

收稿日期:2006-03-18 修回日期:2006-06-29 出版日期:2006-08-15
通讯作者: 陈仁升 E-mail:crs2008@lzb.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目“内陆河流域高寒山区多年冻土活动层产流机制观测试验研究”（编号：40401012）和“长江源区冰雪水文过程及对气候变暖的响应研究”（编号：40301010）;中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所知识创新前沿工程项目“黑河流域交叉集成研究的模型开发和模拟环境建设”（编号：2003102）和“内陆河流域高寒山区多年冻土活动层产流机制观测试验研究”（编号：2004112）；中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向性项目“内陆河（黑河）水—土—气—生观测与综合研究”（编号：KZCX3-SW-329）资助.

A Distributed Water-Heat Coupled (DWHC) Model for Mountainous Watershed of An Inland River Basin（Ⅱ）: Model Results Using the Measured Data at the Meteorological & Hydrological Stations

Chen Rensheng,Kang Ersi,Lü Shihua,Ji Xibin,Yang Yong,Zhang Jishi

Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China

Received:2006-03-18 Revised:2006-06-29 Online:2006-08-15 Published:2006-08-15

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以黑河出山日平均流量作为对比，利用26个降水站点、11个气温站点和14个潜在蒸发站点2000年日资料，模型设计了6套气象因子空间分布方案，进行数值模拟试验，结果表明，在黑河流域现有观测站点的情况下，利用各种空间插值方法所得结果基本相当，考虑地面高程的三维插值与不考虑地面高程的二维插值结果相差不大，补充距离研究区较远的站点观测资料，模型结果反而变差。最终模型采用基于二维算法的最近距离法（nearest），利用2000年资料校正模型，计算与实测黑河日出山平均流量序列的效率系数为0.6101，平衡误差为0.0808％。以1999年资料验证模型，效率系数和平衡误差分别为0.6270和-2.9824％。模型基于水热连续方程模拟了黑河山区流域水热交换和耦合过程，探讨了流域的水量平衡，分析了水量平衡因子的时空分布，其模拟结果表明，内陆河高寒山区流域主要为浅表产流，高山草甸具有拦蓄降水和水源涵养作用，并反映了高山地区浅表土壤地下厚层冰的聚集过程。各种模型结果与本区野外实际调查结果基本一致，也符合当前对寒区流域水文循环过程的定性认识。

关键词: 数值试验, 水量平衡, 地下冰, 产流特征, 空间插值

Using the daily precipitation data at the 26 hydrological & meteorological stations, daily averaged air temperature data at the 11 stations, and daily pan evaporation data at the 14 stations in 2000, the distributed water-heat coupled model (DWHC) was calibrated. Using the daily averaged runoff data in 2000 at the Yingluoxia station where the runoff amount of Heihe mountainous river basin was measured to calibrate, 6 numerical tests that used different spatial interpolation methods to calculate the daily precipitation, daily averaged air temperature, and daily pan evaporation (E601) in each grid, were put up. Due to the spatial sparsity and asymmetry of the hydrological and meteorological stations, the results of the 6 numerical tests have little differences. The three-dimensional interpolation methods considering the altitudes are little different from the methods that take no account of the altitudes. The daily data measured at the 2 stations farside from the research basin were added for use in the model, and the model results were not better. At last the 2-dimensional interpolation method with a named as nearest, was used in the model. The Nash-Sutcliffe equation value is of 0.6101, and the balance error is of 0.0808% for the calibration processes. Using the daily data in 1999 to validate the model, the Nash-Sutcliffe equation value and balance error is about 0.6270 and 2.9824%, respectively. Because the soil and vegetation data are not detailed and very short, the model results are only qualitative to some extent. The water balance, and the spatial and temporal distributions of the hydrological factors, were both discussed. The model results showed that, in the high and cold regions, the runoff production processes mainly occurred at the land surfaces and in the low soil layers, the alpine meadow held up precipitation to a large extent, and there produced some ground ices due to the heat-water coupled processes in the high mountainous regions.

Key words: Numerical test, Water balance, Spatial interpolation, Ground ice, Runoff production characteristic.

中图分类号:

P343

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