国内外多功能景观研究进展与展望

doi:10.1167/j.issn.1001-8166.2015.04.0465

作为沟通自然景观与人类社会的重要桥梁,景观功能一直以来都是景观生态学的重要研究内容;多功能景观通过对自然景观功能赋予人类价值评判,与土地利用决策紧密相关,已成为当前景观功能研究的重要发展方向、多学科景观综合研究的重点领域和景观生态学新的学科生长点。在系统梳理多功能景观概念内涵的基础上,对比分析了其与景观多功能性、生态系统服务及多功能农业的概念异同;并从景观多功能性评价、多功能景观空间识别、多功能景观规划与管理等3个方面,重点探讨了近年来国内外多功能景观研究的进展及其主要不足;最后,展望了当前国内外多功能景观研究的重点发展方向,即多功能景观权衡机理解析、多功能景观区域类型识别、多功能景观尺度与划区效应评估、多功能景观动态预测及情景模拟。

关键词: 多功能景观, 景观多功能性, 空间识别

As a bridge between natural landscape and human society, landscape function is always an important content of landscape ecology. Multifunctional landscape becomes closely related with the decision of land use by means of endowing landscape function with human value judgments. Till now, it has been an important development direction of landscape function research, an important field of multi-disciplinary integrated landscape study, as well as a new discipline growth of landscape ecology. Based on comprehensively analyzing the conceptual connotation of multifunctional landscape, the similarities and differences among the four concepts, i.e., multifunctional landscape, landscape multi-functionality, multifunctional agriculture, and ecosystem services are also fully contrasted and clarified. Focused on such three key issues as landscape multi-functionality assessment, spatial identification of multifunctional landscape, and multifunctional landscape planning and management, the updated research progress and main shortcomings on multifunctional landscape are deeply discussed. Finally, five topics are proposed as future research directions on multifunctional landscape, i.e., mechanism analysis of trade-offs in multifunctional landscape, regional categorization of multifunctional landscape, scaling and zoning effects assessment of multifunctional landscape, dynamic prediction of multifunctional landscape, and scenario simulation of multifunctional landscape.

Key words: Multifunctional landscape, Landscape multi-functionality, Spatial identification.

中图分类号:

P901

表 1 多功能景观概念内涵对比

Table 1 Connotation contrast for the concept of multifunctional landscape

学科视角	理论基础	核心观点	关注点	代表人物
人类学	人类生态系统理论	多功能景观是一个自然-文化交织的复杂系统	自然、文化的耦合	Naveh^{[ 17 ]}
多学科交叉	抽象的空间理论	多功能景观指同时具有生态功能、有关土地利用的功能和社会功能的景观	景观生态系统的多种功能	Brandt ^{[ 18 ]}, 周华荣^{[ 19 ]}
系统学	复杂系统理论	多功能景观是具有复杂功能和整体性的不同等级空间单元组成的文化景观	景观功能的复杂性和整体性	Brandt等^{[ 20 ]}
经济学	供需理论	景观多功能性是景观实际或者潜在提供的物质、非物质商品以满足社会需求的现象	服务与产品供需	Barkmann等^{[ 21 ]}
生态学	生物多样性理论	景观多功能性是景观尺度的生物多样性	景观多样性	Annette等^{[ 22 ]}
地理学	土地多样性理论	多功能景观是为了多种目的对景观中土地采用多种利用方式同时加以使用的景观	土地综合利用	傅伯杰等^{[ 6 ]}
可持续科学	可持续发展理论	可持续性多功能景观是将人类活动和景观利用与保留有决定性生态系统功能、服务流以及生物多样性相结合的景观	可持续发展	O’Farrell 等^{[ 23 ]}

表 1 多功能景观概念内涵对比

Table 1 Connotation contrast for the concept of multifunctional landscape

学科视角	理论基础	核心观点	关注点	代表人物
人类学	人类生态系统理论	多功能景观是一个自然-文化交织的复杂系统	自然、文化的耦合	Naveh^{[ 17 ]}
多学科交叉	抽象的空间理论	多功能景观指同时具有生态功能、有关土地利用的功能和社会功能的景观	景观生态系统的多种功能	Brandt ^{[ 18 ]}, 周华荣^{[ 19 ]}
系统学	复杂系统理论	多功能景观是具有复杂功能和整体性的不同等级空间单元组成的文化景观	景观功能的复杂性和整体性	Brandt等^{[ 20 ]}
经济学	供需理论	景观多功能性是景观实际或者潜在提供的物质、非物质商品以满足社会需求的现象	服务与产品供需	Barkmann等^{[ 21 ]}
生态学	生物多样性理论	景观多功能性是景观尺度的生物多样性	景观多样性	Annette等^{[ 22 ]}
地理学	土地多样性理论	多功能景观是为了多种目的对景观中土地采用多种利用方式同时加以使用的景观	土地综合利用	傅伯杰等^{[ 6 ]}
可持续科学	可持续发展理论	可持续性多功能景观是将人类活动和景观利用与保留有决定性生态系统功能、服务流以及生物多样性相结合的景观	可持续发展	O’Farrell 等^{[ 23 ]}

图 1 多功能景观与多功能农业、生态系统服务及景观多功能性的关联关系

Fig.1 Relationships among multifunctional landscape, multifunctional agriculture, ecosystem services and landscape multi-functionality

图 2 多功能景观主要研究内容及其进展

Fig.2 Main contents and research progress on multifunctional landscapes

图 3 多功能景观重点研究方向

Fig.3 Key issues in multifunctional landscape research

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International Research Progress and Perspectives on Multifunctional Landscape