Groundwater is the main water resources for agricultural irrigation in Shijiazhuang Plain and  there is a very close relationship between groundwater exploitation and agricultural planting scale.Besides, groundwater exploitation is also affected by precipitation because precipitation can influence water consumption intensity of agriculture.In order to identify the impact of agricultural planting scale and precipitation variable quantity on agricultural groundwater exploitation, this paper used correlation analysis and regression analysis to study the relationship among agricultural groundwater exploitation and precipitation and agricultural planting scale.For winter wheat and summer maize are the main water consuming crops there,  the paper used total winter wheat and summer maize area to replace agricultural planting scale.The results showed that the correlation between precipitation and agricultural groundwater exploitation was not significant.The partial correlation coefficient was -0.431.But as water resources of crops requirement, precipitation can affect groundwater exploitation by influencing groundwater consumption intensity.In wet years, groundwater consumption intensity was smaller than that of the year before and after it.In dry years, groundwater consumption intensity was obviously bigger than the adjacent years.For total wheat and maize area, the partial correlation coefficient was 0.873, which showed that there was a better correlation between total wheat and maize area and agricultural groundwater exploitation.When wheat and maize area increased, groundwater exploitation increased.Before the year of 1981, groundwater exploitation increased to 0.69×10⁸ m³ while wheat and maize area increased to 1×10⁴ hm². After 1981, while wheat and maize area increased to  1×10⁴ hm², groundwater exploitation increased to 0.23×10⁸ m³.The relationship between total wheat and maize area and agricultural groundwater exploitation, as well as the correlation coefficient calculated, showed that total wheat and maize area was the main factor that induced agricultural groundwater exploitation changing.