Prediction and Application of 3D Collapse Pressure of Fractured Formation Driven by Geophysical Data

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2024.085

Abstract

Abstract:

Borehole collapse pressure prediction plays a key role in drilling safety, reducing construction costs, and realizing efficient drilling. Fracture development under complex ultra-deep geological conditions significantly affects the prediction of borehole collapse pressure. Conventional methods rely on finite element simulations for 3D geomechanical modeling and 3D collapse stress prediction, which although, highly accurate, requires substantial computational resources. To address this issue, the study proposes an efficient and rapid in situ stress modeling method driven by seismic data, utilized for 3D collapse pressure prediction. Initially, a combined spring model with curvature properties is developed using a multi-scale data of pre-stack seismic and rock mechanics logging to model a three three-dimensional in situ stress field efficiently and rapidly. Next, based on the maximum likelihood attribute, the fracture development was obtained from 3D seismic data to provide 3D weak surface attribute parameters for the study area. Finally, the collapse model of sliding along the fracture plane was calculated using the Mohr-Coulomb criterion. This enables the collapse pressure prediction of the fractured formation from one-dimensional logging data to a three-dimensional working area. This method was applied to the woodworking area of Tari, with results showing a high agreement between model predictions measured data, reaching 93.79%. The prediction results also aligned well with formation micro-resistivity scanning imaging interpretations, verifying the method’s feasibility for predicting borehole wall collapse events. This study demonstrates that rapid, high precision modeling of collapse pressure can provide an integrated geological engineering solution for drilling in ultra-deep and complex areas.

Key words: 3D in-situ stress model, Fractured formation, Maximum likelihood attribute, 3D collapse pressure prediction, Mohr-Coulomb criterion

摘要：

井壁坍塌压力的预测对钻井安全、降低施工成本以及实现高效钻井等具有关键意义，复杂超深层地质条件下的裂缝发育状况对坍塌压力预测存在较大影响。常规的方法大多基于有限元模拟进行三维地质力学建模，并用于三维坍塌应力预测。尽管该方法精度较高，但需要巨大的算力资源，基于此提出了一种基于地震数据驱动的高效快速的地应力建模方法流程，进而用于三维坍塌压力的预测。首先，结合叠前地震和岩石力学测井的多尺度数据资料，建立融入曲率属性的组合弹簧模型，完成了三维地应力场的高效快速建模，并用于三维井周应力计算；其次，基于最大似然属性，从三维地震数据中获取裂缝发育情况，为研究区提供三维弱面属性参数；最后，将井周应力和裂缝参数带入Mohr-Coulomb准则，进行沿裂缝面滑移的坍塌模型计算，实现了裂缝性地层从一维测井数据到三维工区的坍塌压力预测。并将该方法应用于塔里木工区，结果表明，该模型地应力预测结果与实测数据吻合度较高，达到93.79%；坍塌压力预测结果与地层微电阻率扫描成像解释结果相吻合，验证了该方法预测井壁坍塌事件的可行性。实现了高精度坍塌压力的快速建模，有效地为超深复杂地区的钻井施工提供了地质工程一体化解决方案。

关键词: 三维地应力建模, 裂缝性地层, 最大似然属性, 三维坍塌压力预测, Mohr-Coulomb准则

CLC Number:

P631.81

Jun LI, Yang ZHAO, Zhaozhou CHEN, Lele ZHANG, Huan CAO, Shichang LI. Prediction and Application of 3D Collapse Pressure of Fractured Formation Driven by Geophysical Data[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2024, 39(11): 1196-1209.

李珺, 赵杨, 陈钊州, 张乐乐, 曹欢, 李世昌. 基于地球物理驱动的裂缝性地层三维坍塌压力预测及应用[J]. 地球科学进展, 2024, 39(11): 1196-1209.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig. 1 Workflow of prediction of 3D collapse pressure driven by geophysicsAVO：Amplitude Variation with Offset；QC：Quality Control；C-MEM：The Curvature Attribute Integrated Mechanical Earth Model

Fig. 2 Prediction of 3D fracture distribution of target layer K1bs in Bozi BlockThe 3D fracture attribute parameters are extracted from seismic data by fracture likelihood attribute， and FMI data is used as quality control； QC： Quality Control

Fig. 3 Rock properties of fractured formation［35］（a） Schematic diagram of rock strength with angle in triaxial test；（b） Diagram of angle β in fractured formation

Table 1 The strength parameters of rock body and fractured rock of Well A1 and Well A3

井	深度/m	温度T/℃	纵波速度V_P/（m/s）	$C 0$ /MPa	$C w$ /MPa	系数 $C w / C 0$	$φ 0$	$φ w$	系数 $φ w / φ 0$
A1	7 700.00	147.30	55.10	25.99	12.79	0.49	0.63	0.49	0.78
A3	7 561.50	147.00	59.40	26.04	13.21	0.51	0.61	0.49	0.81

Table 1 The strength parameters of rock body and fractured rock of Well A1 and Well A3

井	深度/m	温度T/℃	纵波速度V_P/（m/s）	$C 0$ /MPa	$C w$ /MPa	系数 $C w / C 0$	$φ 0$	$φ w$	系数 $φ w / φ 0$
A1	7 700.00	147.30	55.10	25.99	12.79	0.49	0.63	0.49	0.78
A3	7 561.50	147.00	59.40	26.04	13.21	0.51	0.61	0.49	0.81

Fig. 4 Schematic diagram of the research block of Bozi（a） The results of the large in-situ stress model of Bozi block；（b）Seismic data profile of well A2. The lower left corner shows the fracture development map of the target layer in the study area， where the red box covers an area of 100 km2

Fig. 5 Overlapping data of track sets at 20°~25° angles

Fig. 6 3D P-wave velocity inversion results of Bozi block（a） 3D P-wave velocity；（b） P-wave velocity profile across Well A1

Fig. 7 Prediction results of 3D stress field of Bozi block（a） The 3D prediction result of maximum horizontal stress；（b） The 3D prediction result of minimum horizontal stress；（c） Maximum horizontal stress prediction results of target layer K1bs group；（d） Minimum horizontal stress K1bs prediction results

Fig. 8 Comparison between the actual measured values and predicted results of elastic parameters and stresses in Well A1

Fig. 9 Prediction results of fracture properties derived from seismic maximum likelihood properties（a）Superposition map of fracture development probability and seismic data；（b）Distribution of fracture development probability in target layer K1bs；（c）Fracture plane display at Well A3；（d）Comparison of FMI interpretation results and maximum likelihood attribute analysis results

Fig. 10 Prediction results of shaft wall stability of well A3

Fig. 11 3D collapse pressure prediction of fractured formation（a）The 3D collapse pressure equivalent density through the rock；（b） The 3D collapse pressure equivalent density sliding along the fracture plane

Table 2 Comparison of advantages and disadvantages of the three modeling methods

考虑因素	本文方法	插值方法	有限元方法
物理模型	变构造应力系数	缺乏力学依据	恒定/变构造应力系数
外边界条件	远场应力/应变边界，不规则边界	—	远场应力/应变边界，规则边界
内边界条件	网格点地震速度场条件	—	—
计算效率	高	高	差
初始精度	高	差	较高
拟合与校正	经标定的测井一维模型、三维地震数据、属性实测点及其他多数据源融合	经标定的测井一维模型	经标定的测井一维模型
材料模型	弹性（目前）	—	弹性到塑性

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