储层压实作用和胶结作用的压力响应特征

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2015.02.0259

为了在发育异常高压沉积盆地的中深层进行有效的油气勘探,综合运用薄片、岩心常规、粒度分析、SEM等分析化验资料,探讨了渤中凹陷西北次凹储层压实作用和胶结作用的压力响应特征。得到了异常高压对机械压实具有抑制作用的有力证据。证实了不同胶结物类型有不同的压力响应特征。研究认为,每超静水压力7 MPa的异常高压可保存约2.0%原生孔隙。胶结强度的压力响应特征呈斜坡状：①陡坡段,远离高压界面的常压带→高压界面外280 m,胶结强度迅速增强,以弱胶结为特征,胶结物以自生黏土矿物为主,约占总胶结物的85%;②缓坡段,高压界面外280 m→异常高压带,胶结强度缓慢增大,以强—中胶结为特征,胶结物以碳酸盐为主,约占总胶结物的75%以上。在高压界面附近的常压带,碳酸盐胶结作用的压力响应厚度比自生黏土矿物的响应厚度小,前者约280 m,后者>430 m。研究区原生孔隙与渗透率具有较好相关性,相关系数可达0.77,表明原生孔隙发育的砂岩是优质储层。研究结果可为在异常高压发育的盆地中深层寻找优质储层提供理论依据。

关键词: 压实强度, 胶结强度, 优质储层, 东营组, 渤中凹陷

In order to raise up success rate of oil & gas exploration in mid-deep sedimentary basin with overpressures, characteristics of pressure response in reservoir compaction and cementation in Dongying formation in Northwestern Bozhong sag was studied, based on a lot of data from thin section, core analysis, grading analysis, SEM, etc. Strong evidence was obtained to testify that detrital reservoir compaction was inhibited by overpressures. In addition, it was not only proved that both carbonate and authigenic clay would be prompted by overpressures, but also indicated that this two types of cementation had disparate characteristics of pressure response in study area. The results showed that primary pore could be preserved about 2.0% as pore pressure was above hydrostatic pressure every 7 MPa in overpressures setting. With response to overpressure, cementations strength changed typically in scarp shape as depth increased: ①Abrupt slope stage from the less depth to 280 m outside of overpressures interface, where cementation strength swiftly increased, was characterized by weak cementation strength, whose cementation was dominated by authigenic clay with about 85%; ②Gentle slope stag from 280 m outside of overpressures interface to overpressures zone, where cementation strength slowly increased, was characterized by strongmiddle cementation strength,whose cementation was mainly occupied by carbonate cementation with over 75%. In normal pressure zone close to overpressures, influenced depth of carbonate cementation with response to overpressures was obviously shallower than that of authigenic clay minerals, the former was about 280 m and the latter was over 430 m. The correlation between residually primary pore and permeability was well in study area, whose coefficient could be near 0.77. It indicated that sandstone with a number of primary porosity could be effective reservoir in mid-deep strata. The research can be taken as theoretical basis for oil & gas exploration in mid-deep strata of sedimentary basin with overpressures.

Key words: Compaction strength, Cementation strength, Effective reservoir, Dongying Formation, Bozhong sag.

中图分类号:

P618.130.2+1

图1 渤中凹陷构造位置图（据文献[14]修改）

Fig.1 Location of study area(modified from reference [14])

表1 研究区东营组测试孔隙压力

Table1 Measured pressure in Dongying formation in study area

井号	层位*	垂深/m	实测孔隙压力/MPa	压力系数
W2	Ed₂^L	3 386.8	49.5	1.49
W1	Ed₂^L	3 287.7	48.4	1.50
	Ed₂^L	3 338	47.9	1.46
	Ed₃	3 605.3	59.6	1.68

表1 研究区东营组测试孔隙压力

Table1 Measured pressure in Dongying formation in study area

井号	层位*	垂深/m	实测孔隙压力/MPa	压力系数
W2	Ed₂^L	3 386.8	49.5	1.49
W1	Ed₂^L	3 287.7	48.4	1.50
	Ed₂^L	3 338	47.9	1.46
	Ed₃	3 605.3	59.6	1.68

表2 成岩作用强度级别划分表（据文献[17~19]修改）

Table2 Diagenesis strength classification（modified from references [17~19]）

压实作用					胶结作用
压实强度	颗粒接触关系 /%			压实率减孔率 (α)/%	胶结强度	胶结减孔率(β)/%
压实强度	点	线	凹凸	压实率减孔率 (α)/%	胶结强度	胶结减孔率(β)/%
弱	>50	<50	0	<40	弱	<25
中	<50	>50	0	40~70	中	25-50
强	0	25-75	25-75	70~90	强	>50
极强	0	<25	>75	>90

表2 成岩作用强度级别划分表（据文献[17~19]修改）

Table2 Diagenesis strength classification（modified from references [17~19]）

压实作用					胶结作用
压实强度	颗粒接触关系 /%			压实率减孔率 (α)/%	胶结强度	胶结减孔率(β)/%
压实强度	点	线	凹凸	压实率减孔率 (α)/%	胶结强度	胶结减孔率(β)/%
弱	>50	<50	0	<40	弱	<25
中	<50	>50	0	40~70	中	25-50
强	0	25-75	25-75	70~90	强	>50
极强	0	<25	>75	>90

图2 研究区东营组储层成岩作用特征（a）线接触60%,点接触40%,压实减孔率43%,中压实,W1井,2 998.15 m,Ed₂^L,正交光;（b）线接触20%,点接触80%,压实减孔率28%,弱压实,W1井,3 339.95 m,Ed₂^L,单偏光(蓝色铸体);（c）碳酸盐胶结物,W1井,3 343.84 m,Ed₂^L,正交光(茜红素染色);(d) 铁质（含铁）碳酸盐胶结物,W3井,3 399.11 m, Ed₂^L,单偏光(茜红素染色);C：方解石;D：白云石;S：菱铁矿;F：铁方解石;A：铁（含铁）白云石

Fig.2 Diagenetic characteristics of Reservoir in Dongying Formation in study area （a） Sample with line contact 60% , point contact 40% and reduction rate of porosity 43%, from well W1 2998.15m (Ed₂^L) in perpendicular polarized section, is middle compaction; （b）Sample with line contact 20%, point contact 80% and reduction rate of porosity 28%, from well W1 3339.95m (Ed₂^L) in plane polarized section (the blue is casting), is weak compaction; （c） Carbonate cementation of sample, from well W1 3343.84m (Ed₂^L) in thin section with perpendicular polarized light (colored by alizarin red); （d） Carbonate cementation of sample with Fe, from well W3 3399.11m (Ed₂^L) in thin section with plane polarized light (colored by alizarin red).C：Calcite; D：Dolomite; S：Siderite; F：Ferrocalcite; A：Ankerite.

图3 研究区东营组压实作用参数随深度变化

Fig.3 Plot of compaction parameters versus depth in Dongying formation in study area

图4 研究区东营组胶结物特征（SEM）（a）碳酸盐晶体及蠕虫状高岭石,W3井,2996m,Ed₂^L;（b）波—絮状伊/蒙混层,W3井,3161m,Ed₂^L;（c）自生黏土矿物及石英加大,W3井,3236m,Ed₂^L;（d）单莓状黄铁矿,W3井,2996m,Ed₂^L;D：白云石;K：高岭石;I/M：伊蒙混层;I：伊利石;C：绿泥石;Q：石英次生加大;P：黄铁矿

Fig.4 Cementation characteristics in Dongying formation in study area (SEM) （a）Carbonate in rhombohedral and kaolinite in vermicular, from well W3 2 996 m (Ed₂^L); （b）I/S mixed layer in flocculent, from well W3 3 161m (Ed₂^L); （c） Authigenic clay mineral and quartz overgrowth, from well W3 3 236 m (Ed₂^L) ; （d）Pyrite in single strawberry, from well W3 3 236 m (Ed₂^L); D：dolomite; K：kaolinite; I/M：I/M mixed layer; I：Illite; C：Chlorite; Q：Quartz overgrowth; P：Pyrite.

图5 研究区东营组砂岩胶结参数随深度变化

Fig.5 Plot of cementation parameters versus depth in Dongying formation in study area

图6 研究区东营组残余原生孔隙度与渗透率交汇图

Fig.6 Plot of residually primary porosity versus permeability in Dongying formation in study area

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摘要

Characteristics of Pressure Response in Detrital Resveroir Compaction and Cementation