地球科学进展 ›› 2015, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (9): 940 -951.

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土壤碳固定与生物活性:面向可持续土壤管理的新前沿
潘根兴( ), 陆海飞, 李恋卿, 郑聚锋, 张旭辉, 程琨, 刘晓雨, 卞荣军, 郑金伟   
  1. 南京农业大学农业资源与生态环境研究所,江苏 南京 210095
  • 出版日期:2015-09-16
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金重点项目“稻田土壤有机碳固定与稳定化过程与机制:土壤—作物—微生物相互作用”(编号:40830528)资助

Soil Carbon Sequestration with Bioactivity: A New Emerging Frontier for Sustainable Soil Management

Genxing Pan, Haifei Lu, Lianqing Li, Jufeng Zheng, Xuhui Zhang, Kun Cheng, Xiaoyu Liu, BianRongjun, Jinwei Zheng   

  1. Institute of Resouce, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, College of Resouces and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, China
  • Online:2015-09-16 Published:2015-09-16

土壤碳固定研究是近10年土壤学研究的重要前沿,而可持续管理的土壤固碳是当前应对气候变化和全球土壤退化的重大需求。从土壤有机碳的生态系统功能及服务出发,分析了土壤碳固定与土壤功能及生物活性的关联,评述了当前土壤碳固定与微生物活性变化的认识,探讨了土壤团聚体尺度土壤固碳与生物活性的关系,并以水稻土为例讨论了土壤碳固定中团聚体过程及其有机碳—微生物—生物活性的演进关系,提出了土壤碳库稳定性与生物活性的协同关系及其表征问题,特别是如何通过有机质—微生物—酶活性的团聚体分布揭示土壤碳固定的本质,以及良好管理下土壤固碳与生态系统功能的协同特征及其管理途径等优先科学问题。借助非破坏团聚体分组技术和现代微域原位观察分析技术,土壤学已经能从团聚体尺度深入研究土壤固碳与生物活性的土壤机制,这将全面地揭示土壤固碳对于生态系统过程、功能及服务的影响特质,进而为可持续土壤固碳和农田有机质提升,为固碳减排与农田生产力提升及土壤环境服务改善协同发展提供科学依据和管理的政策依据。

Soil carbon sequestration has been one of most important research frontiers of soil science for the last decade. However, carbon sequestration for sustainable management is being urged by both climate change mitigation and global soil degradation. In this review paper, the ecosystem functioning and ecological services of soil organic carbon were emphasized. Sequestration of organic carbon was in depth examined by linking to bioactivity and ecosystem functioning of soil. Current knowledge on variation of soil bioactivity with soil carbon sequestration was overviewed and synthesized, particularly at micro-scale of soil aggregates. Taking rice paddy soil as an example, co-evolution of microbial community and diversity, and soil functional activity with soil organic matter build-up at soil aggregates level was analyzed in terms of soil development. Furthermore, were highlighted the emerging issue on characterizing the coupling of bioactivity with carbon sequestration, the nature of sustainable soil carbon sequestration by means of micro-aggregate scale interaction of organic matter-microbe-enzyme activity, and the best management practices for attaining the sustainable carbon sequestration. All these issues could be pursued with the help of non-destructive soil aggregate fractionation and in situ microscale supermicroscopic observation technologies. Therefore, soil research on carbon sequestration versus bioactivity at microscale will enhance systematic understanding of ecosystem functioning and services provided by soil organic carbon, in order to provide sound knowledge base for rational organic matter management and sustainable carbon sequestration, and for policy making aiming at enhancing crop productivity and environmental services as well as climate change mitigation.

中图分类号: 

图1 土壤有机碳岁空间和时间的不同生态系统功能与服务(根据文献[ 26 ]修改)
Fig.1 Ecosystem functions and services of soil organic carbon across temporal and spatial scales (modified after reference [ 26 ])
图 2 大团聚体中微团聚体、有机质、微生物分布示意图 图中暗色小块(a)为微团聚体,其中的颗粒为细菌等微生物(b), 微团聚体间浅色狭窄部分(c)为水膜,弯曲小条为真菌菌丝(d), 而微团聚体间暗色颗粒浓聚部分为簇装有机质(e),而酶分布在微团聚体和簇状有机质表面]
Fig.2 Distribution of microaggregate, organic matter, microorganism in macroaggregate a: microaggregate, b: microorganism, c: water film, d: fungal hyphae, e: organic matter
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[1] 潘根兴, 陆海飞, 李恋卿, 郑聚锋, 张旭辉, 程琨, 刘晓雨, 卞荣军, 郑金伟. 土壤碳固定与生物活性:面向可持续土壤管理的新前沿[J]. 地球科学进展, 2015, 30(8): 940-951.
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