地球科学进展 ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 248 -260. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2026.025

综述与评述 上一篇    下一篇

杭州湾盐度锋面、锋区环流及其对物质输运影响的研究进展
张佳薇1(), 刘金贵1,2,3,4(), 李硕1, 王煜林1   
  1. 1.广东海洋大学 海洋与气象学院/近海海洋变化与灾害预警实验室,广东 湛江 524088
    2.自然资源部 海洋空间资源管理技术重点实验室,浙江 杭州 310012
    3.广东海洋大学,“陆架及深远海气候、 资源与环境” 广东普通高校重点实验室,广东 湛江 524088
    4.自然资源部空间 海洋遥感与应用重点实验室,北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-01 修回日期:2026-01-19 出版日期:2026-03-10
  • 通讯作者: 刘金贵 E-mail:vv973234817@163.com;jinguiliu1981@hotmail.com
  • 基金资助:
    自然资源部海洋空间资源管理技术重点实验室项目(KF-2023-109);广东海洋大学科研启动经费项目(060302032202)

Review of the Salinity Front, Frontal Circulation and Material Transport in Hangzhou Bay

Jiawei Zhang1(), Jingui Liu1,2,3,4(), Shuo Li1, Yulin Wang1   

  1. 1.College of Ocean and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University/Laboratory for Coastal Ocean Variation and Disaster Prediction, Zhanjiang Guangdong 524088, China
    2.Key Laboratory of Marine Spatial Resource Management Technology, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
    3.“Shelf and Deep-sea Climate, Resources, and Environment” Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province for General Universities, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang Guangdong 524088, China
    4.Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2025-12-01 Revised:2026-01-19 Online:2026-03-10 Published:2026-05-06
  • Contact: Jingui Liu E-mail:vv973234817@163.com;jinguiliu1981@hotmail.com
  • About author:Zhang Jiawei, research area includes physical oceanography. E-mail: vv973234817@163.com
  • Supported by:
    Project supported the Key Laboratory of Marine Spatial Resource Management Technology, Ministry of Natural Resources(KF-2023-109);Start-up Fund Project of Guangdong Ocean University(060302032202)

河口湾锋面作为陆海相互作用的动态界面,是海表密度水平梯度急剧变化的带状区。杭州湾作为我国东部沿海典型的强潮河口湾,在钱塘江、长江冲淡水与东海陆架水的共同作用下,湾内全年存在一条东北—西南(NE-SW)走向的盐度锋面,其锋区次生环流、聚集效应可显著影响局地物质输运与初级生产过程。系统综述了河口湾锋面识别方法、杭州湾盐度锋面的形成机制、锋区环流结构与动力机制及锋面物质输运效应。研究表明,杭州湾盐度锋面呈现夏强冬弱的特征,其形态和盐度分布受自然水动力因素和人类活动的共同调控;通过平流输运、垂向混合和辐聚辐散等过程,显著调控该海域及邻近海域泥沙、微塑料、重金属及有机污染物的输运与富集,并影响锋区生态环境。当前研究仍存在以下不足:锋面三维精细结构刻画不足;新型污染物在锋区的迁移、转化与聚集微观机制尚不明确;影响锋面形成与演变的各驱动因子相对贡献缺乏量化;人类活动与气候变化对锋面长期演变的影响机制有待厘清。未来研究应结合全球气候变化与人类活动复合影响,融合多源遥感、现场观测与精细化模拟,构建物理—生物地球化学耦合模型,聚焦锋区三维动力机制、跨锋面输运及新型污染物迁移转化规律,为杭州湾水环境治理与资源保护提供科学支撑。

Estuarine fronts, dynamic interfaces of land-sea interactions, are zonal regions with sharply varying sea-surface density gradients. Hangzhou Bay, a typical macrotidal estuary along China’s eastern coast, maintains a year-round northeast-southwest (NE-SW)-oriented salinity front, shaped by the interplay of freshwater discharges from the Qiantang and Yangtze Rivers with East China Sea shelf waters. Secondary circulation and convergence associated with this frontal zone can significantly affect local material transport and primary production. This paper systematically reviews methods for identifying estuarine fronts; the formation mechanisms and spatiotemporal characteristics of the salinity front in Hangzhou Bay; the structure and dynamics of frontal circulation, and the effects of fronts on material transport. Studies show that the Hangzhou Bay salinity front is stronger in summer and weaker in winter, with its morphology and salinity distribution regulated by both natural hydrodynamic forces and human activities. Through advection, vertical mixing, convergence and divergence, the front strongly controls the transport and accumulation of suspended sediment, microplastics, heavy metals and organic pollutants in the bay and adjacent waters, and affects the ecological environment of the frontal zone. The review highlights several outstanding gaps in current understanding: the three-dimensional, fine-scale structure of the front remains inadequately characterized; the microscale mechanisms governing the migration, transformation, and aggregation of emerging pollutants within the frontal zone are poorly constrained; the relative contributions of individual drivers to frontal formation and evolution lack quantitative assessment; and the combined effects of human activities and climate change on the long-term evolution of the front remain to be elucidated. Future research should integrate multi-source remote sensing, high-resolution in situ observations, and refined numerical simulations to develop physically and biogeochemically coupled models, with priority given to the three-dimensional dynamics of the frontal zone, cross-frontal material fluxes, and the fate of emerging pollutants, thereby providing a robust scientific foundation for water environment management and resource conservation in Hangzhou Bay.

中图分类号: 

图1 1987年夏季和冬季大、小潮期间杭州湾表层盐度分布(据参考文献[2853]修改)
黑色实线为盐度等值线(单位:psu)。
Fig. 1 Surface salinity during the spring and neap tides in summer and winter in the Hangzhou Bay in 1987modified after references2853])
The black solid lines denote salinity contours (unit: psu).
图2 夏季和冬季杭州湾表层盐度分布3054
细实线均表示盐度等值线。(a) 枯季与洪季的过渡季,未刻画锋面;(b) 粗实线为涨潮时期锋面,虚线为落潮时期锋面;(c) 粗实线为钱塘江冲淡水锋面,虚线为长江冲淡水次级锋面。
Fig. 2 Surface salinity distribution in Hangzhou Bay during summer and winter3054
Thin solid lines represent salinity contours. (a) Dry-to-wet transition season, without front depicted; (b) Thick solid line denotes the front during flood tide, dashed line denotes the front during ebb tide; (c) Thick solid line denotes the Qiantang River plume front, dashed line denotes the Yangtze River secondary plume front.
图3 夏季和冬季大、小潮期间杭州湾垂向盐度分布28
因历史观测局限,图中缺失夏季大潮情形,(a)~(c)黑色曲线为盐度等值线(单位:psu);(d)红色直线示意断面位置。
Fig. 3 Vertical salinity during the spring and neap tides in summer and winter in Hangzhou Bay28
Owing to limitations of historical observations, the scenario of spring tide in summer is not presented. The black curves in panels (a)~(c) represent salinity contours (units: psu); (d) The red straight lines indicate the section positions.
图4 3种锋截面形态和锋面流场结构(据参考文献[2956]修改)
虚线表示锋截面出现的范围约20 km,实线表示锋截面的形态,箭头表示环流结构。
Fig. 4 Three cross-sectional fronts and associated flow field structuresmodified after references2956])
The dashed lines indicate the range of the front section (approximately 20 km), the solid lines represent the morphology of the front section, and the arrows denote the circulation structure.
图5 杭州湾锋面形成机制及锋区环境效应
Fig. 5 Fronts formation mechanism and environmental responses in the Hangzhou Bay
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