地球科学进展 ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (9): 902 -915. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2025.078

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简缩极化GNSS-ReSAR陆面遥感技术研究
吴学睿()   
  1. 中国科学院上海天文台,天文地球动力学研究中心,上海 200030
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-30 修回日期:2025-08-28 出版日期:2025-09-10
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFB3910001);国家自然科学基金项目(42061057)

Simplified Polarized GNSS-ReSAR Land Surface Remote Sensing Technology

Xuerui WU()   

  1. Center for Astro-geodynamics Research, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China
  • Received:2025-06-30 Revised:2025-08-28 Online:2025-09-10 Published:2025-11-18
  • About author:WU Xuerui, research areas include GNSS-R/SoOP-R modeling and geophyscial parameters retrieval. E-mail: xrwu@shao.ac.cn
  • Supported by:
    the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFB3910001);The National Natural Science Foundation of China(42061057)

全球导航卫星系统反射测量技术是一种通过解析导航卫星反射信号实现地表参数反演的有效对地观测手段。已有研究表明,传统全球导航卫星系统反射测量技术系统主要采用单一极化配置(右旋圆极化发射与左旋圆极化接收,简称LR极化),对其他极化组合的散射特性研究相对薄弱。随着技术进步,采用右旋圆极化天线接收地表反射信号的方案逐渐受到重视。同时,传统全球导航卫星系统反射测量技术的时延—多普勒图处理模式在不同观测几何条件下对散射特征的利用效率较低。在此背景下,发展能够跨几何构型有效接收地表散射信号的全球导航卫星系统合成孔径雷达(GNSS-SAR)技术成为具有潜力的研究方向。通过聚焦简缩极化全球导航卫星系统反射测量技术与合成孔径雷达融合技术的遥感探索,基于西班牙机载全球导航卫星系统反射计(GLORI)实验获取的双极化[RR(右旋圆极化发射与右旋圆极化接收)]数据开展了土壤水分反演研究,并同步利用中国天目商业卫星的双极化全球导航卫星系统反射测量技术数据进行对比验证。实验表明,RR极化反射率较LR极化低约10 dB,但基于两种极化反演的土壤水分精度具有可比性。受限于简缩极化数据获取能力,采用基于辐射传输理论构建的LAGRS模型解析简缩极化的其他散射特性。通过系统分析合成孔径雷达融合技术模式的散射机制与发展趋势,在一定程度上为新一代全球导航卫星系统反射测量技术技术演进提供了理论参考。

Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry (GNSS-R) is an effective Earth observation method that analyzes navigation satellite reflection signals to invert surface parameters. Historical research has shown that traditional GNSS-R systems primarily adopt a single-polarization configuration (Right-Handed Circularly Polarized (RHCP) transmission and Left-Handed Circularly Polarized (LHCP) reception, hereinafter referred to as LR polarization). With the advancement of technology, the use of RHCP antennas to receive surface-reflected signals has gained attention. The traditional Delay-Doppler Map (DDM) processing mode of GNSS-R has low efficiency in utilizing scattering features under different observation geometries. In this context, the development of GNSS-based Synthetic Aperture Radar (GNSS-SAR) technology that can effectively receive surface scattering signals across geometric configurations has become a promising research direction. This study focuses on remote sensing exploration of the fusion technology of reduced polarization GNSS-R and synthetic aperture radar (GNSS ReSAR: GNSS Reflectometry and Synthetic Aperture Radar). Based on dual-polarization (LR and RR) data obtained from the Spanish airborne GLORI experiment, soil moisture inversion research was conducted. Dual-polarization GNSS-R data from the Chinese Tianmu (TM) commercial satellite were synchronously used for comparative verification. Both experiments consistently showed that the reflectance of the RR polarization was approximately 10 dB lower than that of the LR polarization, but the accuracy of soil moisture inversion based on the two polarizations was comparable. Because of the limited ability to obtain simplified polarization data, this study used the Land Surface GNSS Reflection Simulator (LAGRS) model, constructed based on radiative transfer theory, to analyze other scattering characteristics of simplified polarization. A systematic analysis of the scattering mechanism and development trend of the GNSS ReSAR mode provides a theoretical reference for the evolution of new-generation GNSS-R technology to a certain extent.

中图分类号: 

表1 机载GNSS-R实验及天线极化特性
Table 1 Airborne GNSS-R experiment and antenna polarization characteristics
图1 星载GNSS-R发展过程
Fig. 1 Development of spaceborne GNSS-R
表2 星载GNSS-R发展历程简表
Table 2 Summary of the development history of spaceborne GNSS-R
表3 机载GLORI数据LR极化相干和非相干土壤水分反演结果
Table 3 Soil moisture retrieval from airborne GLORI LR-polarized coherent and incoherent signals
表4 基于机载GLORI数据RR极化相干和非相干特性的土壤水分反演结果28
Table 4 Soil moisture retrieval from airborne GLORI RR-polarized coherent and incoherent signals28
图2 2024DOY071天目12号双极化GNSS-R载荷镜像反射点轨迹地图
Fig. 2 Trajectory map of mirror reflection point of Tianmu dual-polarization GNSS-R payload satellites #12 on DOY0712024
图3 2024DOY071天目12号双极化GNSS-R载荷有效反射率分布直方图
Fig. 3 Histogram of effective reflectance distribution of Tianmu dual-polarization GNSS-R payload satellites #12 on DOY0712024
图4 2024DOY 071天目双极化GNSS-R载荷12~22号星有效反射率分布图
Fig. 4 Effective reflectance distribution of Tianmu dual-polarization GNSS-R payload satellites #12~#22 on DOY 0712024
图5 2024DOY 071天目双极化GNSS-R载荷12~22号星有效反射率分布直方图
Fig. 5 Histogram of effective reflectance distribution of Tianmu dual-polarization GNSS-R payload satellites #12~#22 on DOY 0712024
图6 2024DOY 071天目双极化GNSS-R载荷12~22号星归一化有效反射率分布图(ab)及直方图(cd
Fig. 6 Distribution mapaband histogramcdof normalized effective reflectance of Tianmu dual-polarization GNSS-R payload satellites #12~#22 on DOY 0712024
图7 2024DOY071~DOY181天目双极化GNSS-R载荷12~22号星反演土壤水分精度图
Fig. 7 Accuracy map of inverted soil moisture from Tianmu dual-polarization GNSS-R payload satellites #12~#22 from DOY 071 to DOY 1812024
图8 LAGRS模型流程图
Fig. 8 LAGRS model schematic diagram
图9 仿真模型中观测几何模块示意图
Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of observation geometry module in simulation model
图10 裸土简缩极化散射方位角双站雷达散射截面示意图32
Fig. 10 Schematic diagram of bare soil hybrid compact polarimetric scattering azimuth dual station radar cross section32
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