地球科学进展 ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (2): 126 -137. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2025.014

大气海洋 上一篇    下一篇

人工消雾研究进展
楼小凤1,2(), 王田田1,2, 郭丽君1,2, 周旭1,2, 李集明1,2   
  1. 1.中国气象局人工影响天气中心,北京 100081
    2.中国气象局云降水物理与 人工影响天气重点开放实验室,北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-06 修回日期:2025-01-13 出版日期:2025-02-10
  • 通讯作者: 楼小凤 E-mail:louxf@cma.gov.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(42475205);国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFF1308200);中国气象局云降水物理与人工影响天气重点开放实验室开放课题(2023CPML-C04)

Artificial Fog Dissipation Research Progress

Xiaofeng LOU1,2(), Tiantian WANG1,2, Lijun GUO1,2, Xu ZHOU1,2, Jiming LI1,2   

  1. 1.Weather Modification Centre, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China
    2.CMA Key Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Weather Modification (CPML), Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2024-12-06 Revised:2025-01-13 Online:2025-02-10 Published:2025-04-17
  • Contact: Xiaofeng LOU E-mail:louxf@cma.gov.cn
  • About author:LOU Xiaofeng, research areas include cloud precipitation physics and weather modification research. E-mail: louxf@cma.gov.cn
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42475205);The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFF1308200);The Innovation Foundation of CPML/CMA(2023CPML-C04)

我国自1958年以来开展了大量人工消雾外场试验和研究工作。阐述了陆地雾和海雾的基本特征,梳理了人工消暖雾和冷雾的主要途径与技术方法。我国雾区分布广泛且季节性差异明显,陆地雾多为辐射雾,海雾分布于沿海多雾区域。消暖雾采用加热、动力、热力动力和播撒吸湿颗粒等方法,消冷雾则有播撒碘化银类成冰剂和播撒致冷剂两类方法。研究分析了不同催化方法的适用性和不确定性,为我国外场人工消雾试验、催化作业及未来发展提供思路和参考。

Since 1958, China has conducted numerous artificial fog dissipation field experiments and research. This paper summarizes the classification and characteristics of fog as well as the mechanisms and methods of artificial fog dissipation. Fog areas in China are extensively distributed, with obvious seasonal differences. Land fog is mostly radiation fog, whereas sea fog is distributed in foggy areas along the coast, and its formation and dissipation are restricted by various conditions. The methods and technical approaches for artificial warm and cold fog dissipation were determined. The dissipation methods for warm fog include heating, dynamic mixing, thermodynamic methods, and hygroscopic particle seeding; whereas the dissipation methods for cold fog include seeding silver iodide of ice nucleating agents and spraying refrigerants. Other methods such as ultrasound are currently being researched and tested. The applicability, advantages, disadvantages, and uncertainties of these seeding methods were analyzed. The applicability of the fog dissipation methods varies. When applying these methods, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the technical approaches, implementation challenges, cost-effectiveness, and fog dissipation efficacy in field trials and operational applications. Aircraft-induced downdraft mixing is a simple, expensive, and operationally challenging process for warm fog. Thermal heating is universally applicable to all warm fog types but is cost-prohibitive and reserved for emergencies or critical infrastructure (e.g., major international airports and vital seaports), particularly for high-temperature fog. For cold fog, silver iodide seeding exhibits poor nucleation efficiency at temperatures around -5 ℃ (optimal below -8 ℃), necessitating cooling agents like liquid nitrogen, dry ice, and propane. Despite its high cost, liquid-nitrogen seeding is preferred operationally owing to its reliability and ease of deployment.All the current methods can dissipate local small-range warm or cold fog, but none can dissipate large-scale fog systems. A comprehensive analysis of fog dissipation provided ideas and references for artificial fog dissipation experiments, seeding operations, and future development in China. Future research should integrate numerical modeling, laboratory experiments, and field trials to validate and optimize seeding techniques and enhance the operational efficiency and cost-effectiveness.

中图分类号: 

表1 我国5个雾区和年均雾日分布
Table 1 The distribution of five fog zones in China and the average annual fog days
表2 3类雾的主要物理特征量对比14
Table 2 Comparison of the main microphysical characteristic quantities of three types of fog14
表3 云南西双版纳地区不同年份雾特征量对比
Table 3 Comparison of fog characteristic quantities in different years in Xishuangbanna regionYunnan Province
表4 我国主要沿海雾出现月份和生成时间
Table 4 The occurrence time of fog along China’s coastline
表5 不同温度下饱和水汽量与雾含水量比值及雾滴蒸发需要的相对湿度减少量
Table 5 The ratio of saturated water vapor amount to fog water content at different temperatures and the relative humidity reduction required for fog droplet evaporation
表6 1950s1970s我国开展的吸湿性催化剂外场消雾试验情况43
Table 6 The fog-dispersal experiments of hygroscopic catalysts carried out in China from 1950s to the 1970s43
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