地球科学进展

地球科学进展 ›› 2016, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (4): 391 -402. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2016.04.0391.

所属专题： 青藏高原研究——青藏科考；

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喜马拉雅早古生代岩浆事件:以吉隆和聂拉木眼球状片麻岩为例
王晓先 1, 2( ), 张进江 2, 王佳敏 2, 3   
  1. 1.中国地震局地壳应力研究所 地壳动力学重点实验室,北京 100085
    2.北京大学地球与空间科学学院 造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室,北京 100871
    3.中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,北京 100029
  • 收稿日期:2016-01-18 修回日期:2016-03-15 出版日期:2016-04-20
  • 基金资助:
    中国地震局地壳应力研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项项目“红河断裂带北段新生代构造活动历史研究”(编号:ZDJ2014-09);国家自然科学基金项目“藏南佩枯错片麻岩穹窿变形—变质作用及形成演化研究”(编号:41402175)资助

Early Paleozoic Magmatism in Himalayan Orogen: The Geochronological Study on Augen Gneisses from Gyirongand Nyalam Areas, Southern Tibet

Xiaoxian Wang 1, 2( ), Jinjiang Zhang 2, Jiamin Wang 2, 3   

  1. 1.Key Laboratory of Crustal Dynamics,Institute of Crustal Dynamics,China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100085,China
    2.MOE Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution,School of Earth and Space Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China
    3.Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China
  • Received:2016-01-18 Revised:2016-03-15 Online:2016-04-20 Published:2016-04-10
  • About author:

    First author:Wang Xiaoxian (1986-), male, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, Research Assistant. Research areas include structural geology and tectonics.E-mail:xiaoxianwang@pku.edu.cn

  • Supported by:
    Project supported by the Research Grant from Institute of Crustal Dynamics, China Earthquake Administration “Study on the tectonic activity of northern segment of Red River fault zone”(No.ZDJ2014-09);The National Natural Science Foundation of China “Structural deformation, metamorphism and tectonic evolution of Paiku Co gneiss dome, south Tibet”(No.41402175)
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喜马拉雅造山带中段的吉隆和聂拉木地区出露一套眼球状片麻岩,其矿物组成为石英、钾长石、斜长石、黑云母和少量的白云母。片麻岩中锆石发育典型的岩浆韵律环带,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年显示,2件样品中岩浆锆石的加权平均年龄分别为(488.5±1.1) Ma,(475.1±0.7) Ma和(468.1±2.5) Ma,代表研究区早古生代早期的岩浆作用。现有的早古生代地质记录表明,喜马拉雅地体存在早古生代造山事件,这一事件可与青藏高原南部和东南部的拉萨、羌塘、保山和腾冲地体内同一时代的构造热事件对比,指示区域早古生代造山作用。早古生代早期的造山作用是冈瓦纳大陆聚合之后,原特提斯洋岩石圈沿冈瓦纳大陆北缘俯冲调整的安第斯型造山作用的产物,而非超大陆内部块体拼合过程中陆—陆碰撞为主要特征的泛非造山作用。

关键词: 眼球状片麻岩, 锆石U-Pb年代学, 早古生代, 吉隆—聂拉木地区, 喜马拉雅造山带

In the Gyirong and Nyalam areas, a massive amount of augen gneisses are extensively exposed in the middle Himalayan orogen. They consist of quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase, biotite and minor muscovite. Zircons from augen gneisses have magmatic rims indicated by concentric oscillatory zoning. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating gave weighted mean ages of (488.5±1.1) Ma (MSWD=0.6)、(475.1±0.7) Ma (MSWD=1.5) and (468.1±2.5) Ma (MSWD=4.2), hinting early Paleozoic magmatism in the Greater Himalayan Crystalline complex (GHC). The data in this study and other published geochronological results of Cambrian-Ordovician magmatites demonstrated that early Paleozoic orogenesis existed in the Himalayas. Early Paleozoic tectonic events preserved in Himalayas are well compared with the contemporaneous ones in the Lhasa terrane, Qiangtang terrane, Baoshan terrane and Tengchong terrane located in the south and southeast of Tibet Plateau. Integrating previous studies, we suggested an Andean-type orogeny corresponding to dynamic adjusting of the plates by subduction of the Proto-Tethys Ocean lithosphere along the northern margin of Gondwana, instead of Pan-African orogeny that was characterized by the continent-continent collisions during Gondwana assembly.

Key words: Augen gneisses, Zircon U-Pb geochronology, Early Paleozoic, Gyirong and Nyalam areas, Himalayan orogen.

中图分类号: 

图1 喜马拉雅造山带中东段地质简图(据参考文献[49]修改)
GCT:大反冲断层;STDS:藏南拆离系;MCT:主中央逆冲断裂;MBT:主边界逆冲断裂;MFT:主前锋逆冲断裂;THS:特提斯喜马拉雅沉积岩系;GHC:大喜马拉雅结晶杂岩;LHS:小喜马拉雅沉积系;SS:西瓦里克前陆盆地沉积;NHGD:北喜马拉雅片麻岩穹窿
Fig.1 Sketch geological map of the middle and east Himalayan orogen (modified after reference[49])
GCT:Great Counter Thrust;STDS:South Tibet Detachment System;MCT:Main Central Thrust;MBT:Main Boundary Thrust;MFT:Main Frontier Thrust;THS:Tethyan Himalayan Sedimentary Sequence;GHC:Greater Himalayan Crystalline Complex;LHS:Lesser Himalayan Sequence; SS:Siwalik Foreland Basin Sedimentary;NHGD:Northern Himalayan Gneiss Domes
图2 吉隆(a)和聂拉木地区(b)跨大喜马拉雅和特提斯喜马拉雅地质剖面图(剖面位置见 图1 )
Fig.2 Geological cross-sections of the GHC and THS in Gyirong and Nyalam regions (See Fig. 1 for the locations of the cross-sections)
图3 藏南吉隆(a,b,c)和聂拉木地区(d,e,f)眼球状片麻岩露头和显微照片
(a),(b)吉隆眼球状片麻岩露头;(c)吉隆眼球状片麻岩矿物组合,正交偏光;(d),(e)聂拉木眼球状片麻岩露头;(f)聂拉木眼球状片麻岩矿物组合,正交偏光。Qtz.石英;Pl.斜长石;Kfs.钾长石;Mus.白云母;Bi.黑云母
Fig.3 Photographs and photomicrographs of augen gneisses in Gyirong (a, b, c) and Nyalam (d, e, f), southern Tibet
(a),(b)Outcrop of augen gneiss from Gyirong;(c)Mineral assemblage of augen gneiss from Gyirong,crossed nicols;(d),(e)Outcrop of augen gneiss from Nyalam;(f)Mineral assemblage of augen gneiss from Nyalam,crossed nicols. Qtz.Quartz;Pl.Plagioclase;Kfs.K-feldspar;Mus.Muscovite;Bi.Biotite
图4 藏南吉隆和聂拉木地区眼球状片麻岩代表性锆石CL图像(a,c)和U-Pb谐和图(b,d)
Fig.4 CL images of representative zircons (a, c) and U-Pb concordia diagrams (b, d) for zircons from augen gneisses in Gyirong and Nyalam areas, southern Tibet
表1 藏南吉隆和聂拉木地区眼球状片麻岩样品GY-01和NY-01 LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素测试数据
Table 1 LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb isotopic data of augen gneisses from Gyirong and Nyalam, southern Tibet
分析
点号		 含量/10-6 Th/U 同位素比值 表观年龄/Ma
Th U 207Pb/235U ±1σ 206Pb/238U ±1σ 208Pb/232U ±1σ 207Pb/235U ±1σ 206Pb/238U ±1σ
GY-01-01 124.3 734.1 0.17 0.59209 0.00964 0.07616 0.00054 0.02803 0.00046 472 6 473 3
GY-01-02 69.8 361.7 0.19 0.59637 0.01079 0.07680 0.00057 0.02863 0.00055 475 7 477 3
GY-01-03 149.1 639.4 0.23 0.59738 0.00752 0.07677 0.00050 0.02748 0.00032 476 5 477 3
GY-01-04 83.0 316.0 0.26 0.61544 0.00882 0.07864 0.00054 0.02757 0.00036 487 6 488 3
GY-01-05 85.1 422.8 0.20 0.62024 0.00769 0.07860 0.00052 0.02748 0.00034 490 5 488 3
GY-01-06 70.7 346.1 0.20 0.61472 0.01051 0.07890 0.00057 0.02812 0.00049 487 7 490 3
GY-01-07 57.7 218.1 0.26 0.61420 0.01167 0.07835 0.00059 0.02736 0.00046 486 7 486 4
GY-01-08 119.5 332.1 0.36 0.59581 0.01117 0.07645 0.00057 0.02807 0.00047 475 7 475 3
GY-01-09 90.7 457.4 0.20 0.59284 0.00787 0.07643 0.00051 0.02776 0.00038 473 5 475 3
GY-01-10 132.6 230.5 0.43 0.59602 0.00540 0.07608 0.00047 0.02728 0.00014 475 3 473 3
GY-01-11 66.3 305.0 0.22 0.59705 0.01398 0.07695 0.00064 0.02841 0.00064 475 9 478 4
GY-01-12 66.2 221.8 0.30 0.61787 0.01030 0.07895 0.00057 0.02716 0.00039 489 6 490 3
GY-01-13 74.0 311.9 0.24 0.61809 0.00933 0.07858 0.00054 0.02708 0.00038 489 6 488 3
GY-01-14 86.0 238.7 0.36 0.59591 0.01694 0.07617 0.00071 0.02650 0.00060 475 11 473 4
GY-01-15 119.3 332.1 0.36 0.59742 0.01034 0.07677 0.00056 0.02613 0.00047 476 7 477 3
GY-01-16 94.2 455.5 0.21 0.59750 0.00757 0.07628 0.00050 0.02416 0.00031 476 5 474 3
GY-01-17 143.3 430.7 0.33 0.59459 0.01103 0.07600 0.00057 0.02437 0.00049 474 7 472 3
GY-01-18 105.3 470.9 0.22 0.60008 0.00819 0.07581 0.00051 0.02439 0.00032 477 5 471 3
GY-01-19 80.4 264.4 0.30 0.59810 0.01039 0.07621 0.00055 0.02367 0.00036 476 7 473 3
GY-01-20 64.1 259.0 0.25 0.59487 0.00942 0.07637 0.00054 0.02381 0.00037 474 6 474 3
GY-01-21 92.8 381.3 0.24 0.59949 0.00889 0.07617 0.00052 0.02330 0.00035 477 6 473 3
GY-01-22 70.6 272.1 0.26 0.59700 0.01091 0.07666 0.00057 0.02353 0.00041 475 7 476 3
GY-01-23 78.0 294.0 0.27 0.59593 0.00983 0.07665 0.00054 0.02336 0.00036 475 6 476 3
GY-01-24 115.6 284.8 0.41 0.59779 0.00973 0.07657 0.00054 0.02389 0.00033 476 6 476 3
GY-01-25 118.7 275.5 0.43 0.61792 0.00919 0.07893 0.00054 0.02416 0.00028 489 6 490 3
GY-01-26 77.2 330.1 0.23 0.59394 0.00915 0.07693 0.00053 0.02520 0.00037 473 6 478 3
GY-01-27 97.7 650.4 0.15 0.59082 0.00745 0.07727 0.00051 0.02425 0.00035 471 5 480 3
GY-01-28 184.6 855.2 0.22 0.59025 0.00996 0.07616 0.00055 0.02509 0.00048 471 6 473 3
GY-01-29 91.5 325.2 0.28 0.59383 0.01230 0.07655 0.00060 0.02507 0.00049 473 8 476 4
GY-01-30 78.1 612.0 0.13 0.59905 0.00941 0.07694 0.00054 0.02509 0.00044 477 6 478 3
GY-01-31 164.3 469.1 0.35 0.59667 0.00731 0.07673 0.00050 0.02482 0.00024 475 5 477 3
GY-01-32 88.2 242.4 0.36 0.59918 0.01250 0.07660 0.00060 0.02395 0.00045 477 8 476 4
GY-01-33 103.2 499.4 0.21 0.59956 0.00827 0.07654 0.00052 0.02445 0.00034 477 5 475 3
GY-01-34 108.2 448.6 0.24 0.61670 0.00893 0.07886 0.00054 0.02548 0.00035 488 6 489 3
GY-01-35 79.6 356.1 0.22 0.59594 0.00901 0.07652 0.00053 0.02458 0.00036 475 6 475 3
GY-01-36 73.6 362.0 0.20 0.59815 0.00958 0.07641 0.00054 0.02418 0.00039 476 6 475 3
GY-01-37 84.8 601.5 0.14 0.59524 0.00701 0.07629 0.00049 0.02490 0.00035 474 4 474 3
GY-01-38 138.3 810.5 0.17 0.59323 0.00677 0.07646 0.00049 0.02463 0.00034 473 4 475 3
NY-01-01 235.6 712.1 0.33 0.58078 0.01064 0.07481 0.00106 0.03165 0.00070 465 7 465 6
NY-01-02 66.4 473.5 0.14 0.57114 0.00974 0.07396 0.00104 0.02929 0.00107 459 6 460 6
NY-01-03 181.5 478.5 0.38 0.59033 0.00964 0.07589 0.00106 0.02783 0.00073 471 6 472 6
NY-01-04 99.7 670.9 0.15 0.58607 0.00876 0.07541 0.00105 0.02903 0.00072 468 6 469 6
NY-01-05 191.8 558.8 0.34 0.58744 0.01096 0.07550 0.00107 0.02838 0.00082 469 7 469 6
NY-01-06 65.2 333.6 0.20 0.56982 0.00816 0.07347 0.00102 0.02674 0.00075 458 5 457 6
NY-01-07 107.1 438.5 0.24 0.57037 0.01077 0.07526 0.00107 0.02930 0.00088 458 7 468 6
NY-01-08 145.6 438.3 0.33 0.59976 0.01151 0.07687 0.00110 0.03031 0.00087 477 7 477 7
NY-01-09 168.1 681.6 0.25 0.58218 0.00844 0.07498 0.00104 0.03286 0.00082 466 5 466 6
NY-01-10 90.5 226.5 0.40 0.57997 0.00913 0.07495 0.00105 0.02897 0.00081 464 6 466 6
NY-01-11 233.9 567.8 0.41 0.59272 0.00877 0.07455 0.00104 0.03827 0.00085 473 6 464 6
NY-01-12 233.9 567.8 0.41 0.58145 0.01060 0.07486 0.00106 0.02920 0.00080 465 7 465 6
NY-01-13 267.3 552.8 0.48 0.58655 0.00880 0.07501 0.00104 0.03602 0.00086 469 6 466 6
NY-01-14 136.9 374.4 0.37 0.56752 0.00864 0.07360 0.00103 0.03323 0.00140 456 6 458 6
NY-01-15 107.5 329.2 0.33 0.58415 0.01084 0.07510 0.00107 0.02818 0.00088 467 7 467 6
NY-01-16 125.7 474.2 0.27 0.59695 0.00920 0.07703 0.00107 0.02889 0.00067 475 6 478 6
NY-01-17 235.6 514.9 0.46 0.58642 0.00850 0.07507 0.00104 0.02692 0.00061 469 5 467 6
NY-01-18 70.7 477.3 0.15 0.57848 0.00828 0.07492 0.00104 0.02358 0.00052 463 5 466 6
NY-01-19 77.4 329.8 0.23 0.58272 0.00860 0.07534 0.00105 0.02718 0.00054 466 6 468 6
NY-01-20 178.1 519.5 0.34 0.60506 0.00931 0.07744 0.00108 0.03476 0.00088 480 6 481 6
NY-01-21 139.0 481.1 0.29 0.57729 0.00853 0.07496 0.00104 0.02858 0.00073 463 5 466 6
NY-01-22 137.1 365.2 0.38 0.61076 0.00889 0.07795 0.00108 0.03118 0.00065 484 6 484 6
NY-01-23 286.0 491.0 0.58 0.58459 0.00820 0.07532 0.00104 0.02560 0.00061 467 5 468 6
NY-01-24 124.1 686.1 0.18 0.57685 0.00850 0.07503 0.00104 0.03388 0.00079 462 5 466 6
NY-01-25 96.9 260.2 0.37 0.59239 0.00849 0.07600 0.00105 0.02913 0.00103 472 5 472 6
NY-01-26 107.4 572.7 0.19 0.57432 0.00879 0.07488 0.00104 0.02643 0.00073 461 6 465 6
NY-01-27 124.5 610.4 0.20 0.59302 0.00924 0.07597 0.00106 0.02375 0.00050 473 6 472 6
图5 青藏高原南部早古生代造山事件汇总(数据来自参考文献[2~45, 54~62])
Fig.5 Sketch map showing Early Paleozoic tectonic events in the southern part of Tibet Plateau (data from references[2~45, 54~62])
图6 喜马拉雅地体早古生代所处位置(a)及其构造演化模式图(b)(据参考文献[14, 63,64]修改)
Fig.6 Location (a) and schematic illustrations of tectonic evolution (b) of the Himalayan orogen during early Paleozoic (modified after references[14, 63,64])
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